RU2844766C1 - Hiller for formation of ridges and tillage of hop rows - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, to mounted tools for soil treatment, aggregated with tractors and used in treatment of space between rows of hop plants. Hiller for formation of ridges with simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers and hop rows tillage is assembled on frame, has two working elements installed at the ends of the frame, containers for fertilizers and a mechanism for supplying fertilizers into the fertilizer tubes, along which fertilizers are applied to the hop rhizomes. Working elements are made in the form of a left-handing body and a right-handing body. Each housing has the possibility of being moved and fixed along the frame irrespective of the other housing. Housings can change places, that is left-turning body can take the place of the right-handing body and the right-handing body can take the place of the left-handing body.

EFFECT: high efficiency of the process and high quality of the hop planting material due to formation of the required ridge in the root zone with simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers and possibility of breaking up hop rows with subsequent mechanized cutting of the main rhizomes of the hop.

6 cl, 8 dwg, 3 foto

Description

The invention relates to agriculture - to a type of mounted implements for soil cultivation and aggregated with tractors, and used in the cultivation of inter-rows of hop fields.

A combined ridge former [1] is known, assembled on a common frame. The frame is mounted on support wheels and is mounted on a tractor. The frame sequentially contains the following: passive working elements of the moldboard type, an active working element (a conical loosening cutter), a ridge-forming plate, a gearbox, a covering cutter and a profiling roller. The combined ridge former allows one ridge to be formed, which allows creating optimal agrotechnical conditions for plant germination. This is the positive side of the known ridge former. The ridge former of this design has the following disadvantages: complexity of the design, as is known, the more complex the product, the lower its reliability. Large overall dimensions and weight, which complicates the maneuverability of the unit and increases material consumption. Low productivity, since only one ridge is formed in one pass. Narrow functionality - a ridge former of this design can only be used on fields with a flat surface and where there are no limiting elements, such as hop trellis supports, etc. It cannot be used on hop plantations to form ridges in the root zone of hops.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed invention is the cultivator-fertilizer KPG-2.2 [2, p. 67, Fig. II.13]. The cultivator consists of a frame mounted on two wheels, from which the seeding units are rotated through a cardan shaft and chain transmission. The fan is driven by a hydraulic motor. The soil is processed by two ploughshares, the paws of which are fixed to the longitudinal side members. The fertilizer applied to the soil is located in a single hopper located above the frame and is fed through the seeding unit to the fertilizer pipes, from them to the distributors and ends up at the bottom of the furrow. The positive side of the cultivator is its versatility, i.e., in addition to forming a furrow, it also additionally applies fertilizer to the soil. At the same time, the cultivator has the following disadvantages: the ploughshare legs are fixed to the frame side members and cannot be moved either longitudinally or transversely. That is, it is impossible to change the row spacing, which reduces the versatility of the cultivator. The seeding units located under the bunker are set in motion and serve to evenly supply fertilizers to the fertilizer pipes and from them to the distributors. The problem is that the fertilizers filled into the bunker almost always have high humidity. After loading into the bunker, the fertilizer is compacted, sticks to the walls and hangs in the bunker, not reaching the fertilizer seeding unit. That is, an air gap is formed between the fertilizer seeding unit and the bottom layer of fertilizer in the bunker. Thus, the efficiency of uniform distribution of fertilizers at the bottom of the furrow and along the furrow is sharply reduced, since the seeding unit operates idle and inefficiently. The paw with the ploughshare forms only a gap, without forming a ridge, which does not provide for hilling.

The purpose of the proposed invention is to increase productivity and obtain high-quality planting material for hops (stem and rhizome cuttings) by forming the necessary ridge in the root zone with the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers, the possibility of hilling up rows of hops with subsequent mechanized pruning of the main rhizomes of hops.

Fig. 1 shows a general view of a universal hiller for a variant of the arrangement of the left-turning and right-turning bodies for forming ridges, where the following designations are adopted: 1 - frame; 2 - fertilizer container; 3 - drive shaft of the mechanism for feeding fertilizers to the fertilizer lines; 4 - chain mechanism for driving the shaft of the mechanism for feeding fertilizers to the fertilizer lines; 5 - mechanism for feeding fertilizers to the fertilizer lines; 6 - left-turning body; 6 m - right-turning body; 7 - post; 8 - wheel; 9 - sleeve connecting the drive shaft with the shaft of the mechanism for feeding fertilizers to the fertilizer lines; L - distance between the axes of the posts of the left-turning and right-turning bodies; I - unit for moving the left-turning body with the post along the frame; II - unit for moving the right-turning body with the post along the frame.

Fig. 2 shows a general view of a universal hiller, for a variant of the arrangement of the left-turning and right-turning bodies for hilling up rows of hops, the designations are the same as in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 shows the unit for moving the left-turning housing with the stand along the frame, where the following designations are adopted: 10 - scale on the frame; 11 - indicator of the position of the housing on the frame; 12 - bracket for fastening the stand on the frame; 13 - bolts for fastening the housing stand to the frame; 14 - handle for moving the housing stand along the frame, the remaining designations are the same as in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 shows the unit for moving the right-turning body with the stand along the frame; the designations are the same as in Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 shows the unit for feeding fertilizer to the fertilizer pipeline, where the following designations are used: 15 - spring fertilizer stirrer; 16 - fertilizer pipeline, the remaining designations are the same as in Fig. 1. In Fig. 1 and 2, in order to avoid shading, the fertilizer pipeline is not numbered separately, but is shown under the fertilizer feeding mechanism.

Fig. 6 shows a diagram of the formation of ridges in the root zone of hops and the location of the left-turning and right-turning bodies, respectively, at the left and right ends of the hiller frame, where the following designations are adopted: “A” - a ridge formed along the left row of the hop bed; “B” - a ridge formed along the right row of the hop bed, the remaining designations are the same as in Figs. 1 and 2.

Fig. 7 shows a diagram of the unhilling of rows of hops and the location of the right-turning and left-turning bodies, respectively, on the left and right ends of the hiller frame; the designations are the same as in Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 shows a diagram of the movement of the hiller during the formation of ridges, where the following designations are adopted: A' - half of the ridge formed by the movement of the hiller in the forward direction; B' - half of the ridge formed by the movement of the hiller in the forward direction; A'' - half of the ridge formed by the movement of the hiller in the opposite direction; B'' - half of the ridge formed by the movement of the hiller in the opposite direction; A and B - full ridges formed by the movement of the hiller in the forward and reverse directions; the numbers I, II, III - respectively show the sequence of the passage of the hiller along the rows of the hop field; the arrows indicate the directions of movement of the hiller.

Photo 1 (as well as other materials explaining the essence of the invention) shows a prototype of a universal hiller (front view).

Photo 2 (as well as other materials explaining the essence of the invention) shows a prototype of a universal hiller (rear view).

Photo 3 (as well as other materials explaining the essence of the invention) shows a prototype of a universal hiller (side view).

The essence of the invention is as follows. In order to increase the area of hop gardens, which has recently received special attention, it is necessary to have planting material (stem and rhizome cuttings) in large quantities. Therefore, the production of planting material must be put on an industrial basis. At the same time, the planting material must be healthy, high-quality and have a low cost price. The universal hiller for the formation and unhilling of hop rows proposed in the application allows for ensuring technological requirements in the root zone and increasing labor productivity.

The general appearance of the hiller is shown in Fig. 1 and 2. Fig. 1 shows the arrangement of the left-turning 6 and right-turning 6'' bodies for forming ridges. The left-turning body 6 is located on the left end of the frame 1, and the right-turning body 6" is located on the right end of the frame. Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of the bodies for destroying ridges, in this case the right-turning body 6" is located on the left end of the frame 1, and the left-turning body 6 is located on the right end of the frame. That is, for forming ridges, the bodies are located on the frame as shown in Fig. 1, and for destroying ridges, the bodies change places on the frame and are located as shown in Fig. 2.

Experience shows that to form the required ridge, optimal for the development of root and creeping stems, it is enough to lift the soil from a depth of 13-15 cm, and for complete dumping of the raised soil towards the ridge, the working surface of the body should have a cylindrical-conical shape with the height of the cylindrical part of the body moldboard of 13-15 cm with an angle of Δγ=0°. Next comes a conical semi-screw moldboard with parameters of a height of more than 15 cm and Δγ=15°. Such a design of the body allows to obtain a ridge necessary for optimal development of the underground part of the stem and for effective hilling of the ridge for mechanical pruning of the main rhizomes of hops.

Structurally, the hiller is assembled on a frame 1 (Fig. 1 and 2). At the ends of the frame 1, the left-turning body 6 and the right-turning body 6'' are installed. The stands 7 of the ploughshares are secured to the frame 1 using brackets 12 and bolts 13 (Fig. 3 and 4). The distance L between the bodies is controlled and adjusted according to the scale 10 applied to the frame 1 using indicators 11 located on the brackets 12 (Fig. 3 and 4). Handles 14 are used to adjust the distance L. The position of the left-turning and right-turning ploughshares on the frame can be adjusted individually - independently of each other, which improves the quality of ridge formation.

The tanks 2 have the shape of a truncated cone, which are loaded with mineral fertilizers for application to the root zone of hops during the process of ridge formation. One filling provides additional feeding of vegetating hop plants on an area of 0.20 ha. The tanks are made of stainless steel, and the internal surfaces are coated with fluoroplastic. This design reduces corrosion, and also reduces the adhesion of fertilizers to the walls and improves the supply to the mass supply mechanism 5, and from there to the fertilizer pipelines.

On the bottom of the tank 2, a mechanism 5 for feeding fertilizers into the fertilizer pipelines is installed, through which it is applied to the hop rootstocks. Fig. 5 shows a device for feeding fertilizers to the fertilizer pipeline 16. The spring stirrer 15 receives rotation through the sleeve 9 from the drive shaft 3 and moves the fertilizer towards the fertilizer pipeline 16. The stirrer 15 of the spring design works as an auger, i.e. it moves the fertilizer towards the fertilizer pipeline, and on the other hand, it does not allow the fertilizer to lie in the tank 2, and allows the fertilizer to be applied evenly to the root zone of the hops. The stirrer 15 rotates from the wheels 8 through a chain transmission.

Fig. 6 shows the formation of ridges in the root zone of hops. In order to obtain the required height of ridge A or B, two passes of the hiller are required. When the hiller passes along a row, only ridges A and B are formed on one side of the row. The left-turning share 6 forms half of ridge A, the right-turning share 6'' - half of ridge B. When the hiller passes along the adjacent row in the opposite direction, the other half of the ridge is formed (Fig. 6).

Fig. 7 shows a diagram of ridge unhilling to improve mechanized pruning of the main hop rhizomes. To do this, the ploughshares are rearranged as shown in the diagram, the right-turning ploughshare 6'' m is installed on the left end of frame 1, and the left-turning ploughshare 6 is installed on the right end of frame 1. When the universal hiller passes along a row, half of the ridge A and B is unhilled, soil is removed from the root zone of the hops, and when the hiller moves along the adjacent row in the opposite direction, the other side of the ridge is cut off. In this way, the root zone of the hops is unhilled, which allows mechanized pruning to be carried out without significant loads on the hitch, the power take-off shaft (PTO) of the tractor and the cardan shaft of the pruner.

Thus, to form a full ridge, it is necessary to drive along the first row in one direction, forming half of the ridge in two rows at once. When passing along the second row in the other direction, a full ridge is formed. In this case, at the left end of the body 1 there is a left-turning body 6, and at the right end - a right-turning body 6''.

Similarly, for unhilling hop ridges - first you need to drive along the row in one direction, breaking off half of the ridge. When driving along the row in the other direction, the ridge falls apart completely. In this case (Fig. 2), at the left end of the body 1 there is a right-turning body 6'', at the right end of the body 1 there is a left-turning body 6.

The proposed universal hiller is used in the following sequence. The formation of ridges and their unhilling with the proposed universal hiller is carried out as follows. To form ridges, the left-turning body 6 is installed on the left end of the frame 1 (Fig. 1), and the right-turning body 6'' is installed on the right end of the frame. According to the scale 10 (Figs. 3 and 4) on the frame 1 of the hiller, the distance L between the posts 7 of the left-turning and right-turning bodies is adjusted. The distance L is controlled with the help of indicators 11 located on the brackets 12 of the posts (Figs. 3 and 4). To do this, the bolts 13 of the posts 7 are loosened and the bracket 12 is moved along the frame 1 in the required direction with the help of the handle 14. Then the bolts 13 of the fastening are tightened and the posts are fixed motionless relative to the frame 1 at the required distance L between them. Thus, the scale 10 and the indicators 11 represent the counting device of the hiller. Fill the containers 2 with mineral fertilizers. The amount of fertilizer should be sufficient to suffice for its application in one row from beginning to end. Drive into the initial row III (Fig. 8) as shown by the arrow. In this case, through the chain mechanism of the drive 4, the rotation from the wheels 8 is transmitted to the shaft of the drive 3, and from it, through the connecting sleeve 9, the rotation is transmitted to the mechanism 5 for transferring fertilizers to the fertilizer pipes. The transmission mechanism (Fig. 5) is a cylindrical spring 15, which performs two functions - it turns the fertilizer so that it does not lie around and simultaneously moves the fertilizer towards the fertilizer pipe 16. In the process of moving the hiller along row III in the forward direction, halves of the ridges A and B are formed (Fig. 6). At the end of row III, the hiller turns around and enters row IV, as shown by the arrow, and moves in the opposite direction, already forming full ridges A and B. The cycle is repeated many times until full ridges are formed along all rows of hop plantations.

To unhill the ridges, a right-turning body 6'' is installed on the left end of the frame 1 (Fig. 2), and a left-turning body 6 is installed on the right end of the frame, i.e. they are swapped. Similarly, as when forming ridges, the distance L between the posts 7 of the left-turning and right-turning bodies is adjusted. Then, according to the diagram shown in Fig. 8, the same pattern of moving the hiller is repeated, as when forming ridges. When moving in the forward direction, half of the ridge is unhilled (cut off), as shown in Fig. 8, when moving in the opposite direction, the second halves of the ridges A and B are cut off.

After unhilling the ridges, mechanized pruning of the main hop rhizomes is performed. Stem and rhizome cuttings of hops are prepared for laying new hop plantings and planting nurseries.

The technical effect consists in increasing the productivity of harvesting hop planting material and improving the quality by forming ridges in the root zone with the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers, as well as subsequent unhilling (removal) of the ridge in order to reduce the load on the hitch, tractor PTO and cardan shaft.

Sources of information

1. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2427120 "Combined ridge former", IPC: A01B 39/14; A01B 13/2, Published 08/27/2011, Bulletin No. 24.

2. Karpenko A.N., Khalansky V.M. Agricultural machines. - 5th ed., revised and enlarged. - M.: Kolos, 1983. - 495 p., ill. - (Textbooks and teaching aids for higher agricultural educational institutions).

Claims (6)

1. A hiller for forming ridges with simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers and unhilling of hop rows, characterized by the fact that it is assembled on a frame, has two working bodies installed at the ends of the frame, fertilizer containers and a mechanism for feeding fertilizers into fertilizer pipes through which fertilizers are applied to the hop rhizomes, the working bodies are made in the form of a left-turning body and a right-turning body, each body has the ability to move and be fixed along the frame independently of the other body, and the bodies have the ability to change places, i.e. the left-turning body can take the place of the right-turning one, and the right-turning body can take the place of the left-turning one. 2. A hiller according to item 1, characterized in that the body has a cylindrical-conical shape with a height of the cylindrical part of the body moldboard of 13-15 cm, with an angle of Δγ=0°, with a subsequent transition to a conical semi-screw moldboard with parameters of a height of more than 15 cm and Δγ=15°. 3. A hiller according to item 1, characterized in that it has a counting device that includes a linear scale applied to the cultivator body and indicators located on the brackets for fastening the body posts, making it possible to control and set the distance between the left-turning and right-turning bodies of the hiller. 4. A hiller according to item 1, characterized in that the fertilizer containers have a conical shape and are made of stainless steel, and the internal surfaces are coated with fluoroplastic, the containers are designed so that the amount of fertilizer is sufficient to be applied in one row from beginning to end. 5. A hiller according to item 1, characterized in that it has a spring fertilizer stirrer with a direction of turns that, during operation, stir the fertilizer and simultaneously move it to the fertilizer pipeline for its further movement to the root zone of the hops. 6. A hiller according to item 1, characterized in that the position of the left-turning and right-turning bodies on the frame can be adjusted individually, independently of each other.