RU2844164C1 - Method of increasing a humus layer, improving soil fertility and protecting soil from the effect of erosion in young gardens and vineyards for 3-4 years on poor slope lands - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method to increase humus layer, to improve soil fertility and to protect soil against erosion influence in young gardens and vineyards for 3-4 years on poor slope lands includes the following stages: a) in 1st year of the space between rows it is sown with perennial leguminous-rape grasses to lay gardens and vineyards; b) when the grass stand height reaches 45-60 cm, during 1st passage of the machine-tractor aggregate, carrying out the contact-point flattening with the disk-flange working tool of the aggregate on the grass root to create conditions for the soil protection against erosion due to the reinforcement of the stems and the mulch layer in the near-trunk zones strips – in zones of distribution and nutrition of tree roots with simultaneous mowing and application of freshly cut grass mass from space between rows due to forces of inertial rotation of rotors of mower unit for mulch on flattened grass in accordance with agricultural requirement 0.4-0.5 m from planting trunks with subsequent, before each conveyor cyclic 4 times a year, repetitions of treatments with the “Extrasol-55” biopreparation by the spray nozzles of the unit for the fungicidal and stimulating destructive effect on the grass stems tissue bonds and acceleration of processes of reducing duration of natural living natural decomposition under action of microbiological processes embedded in soil mulch – phytomass; c) when the grass stand reaches height of 45-60 cm, performing, during 2nd passage of the machine-tractor aggregate, simultaneously crushing the soil, grinding, closing into the soil and mixing with the soil the obtained mulching phytomass to create conditions of anaerobic humification by replaceable rotary cutters in zones of planting roots with 4-fold cyclic repetitions a year, while simultaneously mowing and covering the treated soil to create conditions for aerobic humification after the cutters with the freshly cut grass mass from the spaces between rows due to the forces of inertial rotation of the rotors of the mower of the mulch unit in accordance with agrorequirement 0.4-0.5 m from the planting trunks, followed by the unit spray nozzles before each conveyor cyclic 4-fold per year repetitions of the “Extrasol-55” biopreparation treatment; d) during 3rd passage of the machine-tractor aggregate, the actions of step (b) are carried out; e) during 4th passage of the machine-tractor aggregate, the actions of step (c) are carried out.

EFFECT: acceleration of soil fertility improvement processes discounting, creation of favourable microflora and biota along the contour of the fruit trees roots maximum placement and occurrence, maximum occurrence of roots of fruit plantings is reduced in range of 65-75 % due to integration of favourable conditions for development, growth and fruiting of seedlings, adaptation and transition to nature-like and reproducing systems integrated into the living natural environment, which is especially important for young and mature gardens and vineyards on poor slope lands.

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Description

The method of increasing the humus layer, improving soil fertility and protecting the soil from the effects of erosion in young orchards and vineyards in 3-4 years on poor sloping lands relates to the field of agriculture and can be used when planting new orchards and vineyards on sloping lands.

A method is known in which, in the year of planting a young garden, a legume-cereal grass mixture of annual crops fertilized with biopreparations is sown in the inter-rows, they are plowed in the fall as green manure, followed by sowing of cereal-legume perennial grasses (patent No. 2388206, published 10.05.2010. Bulletin 13, IPC A01 C21/00).

However, ploughed cereal-legume perennial grasses decompose in the soil slowly, at different uneven rates, due to soil drying, summer heat, lack of moisture in the soil, absence of stimulating factors for the development of microbiological processes in the soil, especially on poor soils of sloping lands, where severe water erosion is observed.

There is also a known method where a sod-mulching layer is created by mulching the soil with annual and perennial grasses (Luchkov P.G., Rauzin E.G., Zhidebaev K.Zh. Gardens of the mountains and foothills. Almaty. M.P. "Sarzhailau", 1996. p. 137).

The known method is not expensive, since it does not require sowing various grasses, but it is ineffective, especially on poor soils of sloping lands, where strong processes of water erosion and soil depletion are observed and there is a complete absence of natural and soil-restoring factors.

In modern intensive and super-intensive gardening, there is an extremely acute moisture deficit in the soil due to the low thickness of the humus layer, and the moisture permeability and moisture capacity of poor soils, and therefore the additional consumption and need for the application of mineral fertilizers for growth, development, reduction of fruiting periods, increase in adaptation periods, survival rate, and resistance to diseases and pests increases sharply [1, 2].

The closest technological solution is a method in which perennial grasses are sown, the arable layer in the near-trunk strips is loosened, mixing it with last year's mulch material, while loosening and mowing are carried out by a combined unit consisting of a cutter and a mower, followed by mulching of the near-trunk strips of fruit plantations (patent No. 2400958 published on 10.10.2010. Bulletin No. 28, IPC A 01 B79/02).

The known prototype method is also not effective enough, since perennial grasses are sown, which reach normal development only in 2-3 years of life, and the previous layer of mulch from these grasses in the areas of near-trunk strips decomposes after being embedded in the soil very slowly, due to the effects of summer heat, drying of the soil and combined erosion, where individual parts of the mulch layer in the near-trunk strips are weathered and washed away, which does not provide conditions for the implementation of a new method of accelerated-conveyor integrated increase in the humus layer, improvement of soil fertility and guaranteed protection of the soil from erosion, especially on poor sloping lands.

However, the implementation of this known prototype method requires a significant amount of soil loading and soil cultivation between rows, crushing, mixing and incorporation of mulch into the soil, multiple seed treatments before sowing in solutions, additional sowing and undersowing, which significantly increases the costs of maintaining the row spacing and soil in the garden [3].

Flattened grass and mulch create favorable conditions for the development of soil microflora, while reducing soil erosion processes and reducing the removal of nutrients from the soil, increasing the survival rate of seedlings due to the acceleration of the development of the root system to 98.8% and resistance to diseases to 33.5% and the start of fruiting from 3 to 2 years.

A method for increasing the humus layer, improving soil fertility and protecting the soil from the effects of erosion in young orchards and vineyards in 3-4 years on poor sloping lands, characterized by the fact that:

a) in the first year, the inter-rows are sown with perennial legume-rapeseed grasses to establish orchards and vineyards;

b) when the grass stand reaches a height of 45-60 cm, contact-point crushing is carried out with the disc-flanged working element of the unit on the grass root during the 1st pass of the machine-tractor unit to create conditions for protecting the soil from erosion by reinforcing the stems and a layer of mulch in the areas of near-trunk strips - in the zones of dispersion and nutrition of tree roots with simultaneous mowing and application of freshly mown grass mass from between the rows due to the forces of inertial rotation of the rotors of the mower unit for mulch on the flattened grass in accordance with the agricultural requirement of 0.4-0.5 m from the trunks of the plantings, followed by cyclic 4-fold repetitions of treatments per year with the biopreparation "Extrasol-55" before each conveyor by the spray nozzles of the unit for a fungicidal and stimulating destructive effect on the woven connections of the grass stems and acceleration of processes of reduction of terms of natural living natural decomposition under the influence of microbiological processes of mulch embedded in the soil - phytomass;

c) when the grass height reaches 45-60 cm, during the 2nd pass of the machine-tractor unit, the soil is simultaneously crushed, crushed, incorporated into the soil and mixed with the soil of the obtained mulched phytomass to create conditions for anaerobic humification by replaceable rotary cutters in the root zones of the plantings with 4-fold cyclic repetitions per year, while simultaneously mowing and covering the treated soil with it to create conditions for aerobic humification following the cutters with freshly mown grass mass from between the rows due to the forces of inertial rotation of the rotors of the mower unit for mulching in accordance with the agricultural requirement of 0.4-0.5 m from the trunks of the plantings, followed by cyclic 4-fold repetitions per year of treatment with the biopreparation "Extrasol-55" by the spray nozzles of the unit before each conveyor;

d) during the 3rd pass of the machine-tractor unit, the actions of stage (b) are carried out;

d) during the 4th passage of the machine-tractor unit, the actions of stage (c) are carried out.

The technical result of the proposed method is as follows: the frequency of sowing perennial legume-rapeseed grass mixture for accelerated improvement of soil fertility, accelerated increase of humus layer and soil content in the row spacing of orchards and vineyards for 3-4 years by accelerated use of mulched phytomass and its accelerated humification due to aerobic, anaerobic and chemical treatment with the biopreparation "Extrasol-55", with subsequent conveyor cyclic 4-fold per year repetitions, in the zones of near-trunk strips of seedlings' survival to local soil and climatic conditions; significant acceleration of discounting of processes of improvement of soil fertility, creation of favorable microflora and biota along the contour of maximum placement and occurrence of roots of fruit trees maximum occurrence of roots of fruit plantations is reduced in the range of 65-75% due to integration of favorable conditions for development, growth and fruiting of seedlings, adaptation and transition to nature-like and reproductive systems integrated into the living natural environment, which is especially important for young and mature orchards and vineyards on poor sloping lands.

Claims (6)

A method for increasing the humus layer, improving soil fertility and protecting the soil from the effects of erosion in young orchards and vineyards in 3-4 years on poor sloping lands, characterized by the fact that: a) in the first year, the inter-rows are sown with perennial legume-rapeseed grasses to establish orchards and vineyards; b) when the grass stand reaches a height of 45-60 cm, contact-point flattening is carried out with the disc-flanged working element of the unit on the grass root during the 1st pass of the machine-tractor unit to create conditions for protecting the soil from erosion by reinforcing the stems and a layer of mulch in the zones of near-trunk strips - in the zones of dispersion and nutrition of tree roots with simultaneous mowing and application of freshly mown grass mass from between the rows due to the forces of inertial rotation of the rotors of the mower unit for mulch on the flattened grass in accordance with the agricultural requirement of 0.4-0.5 m from the trunks of the plantings, followed by cyclic 4-fold per year repetitions of treatments with the biopreparation "Extrasol-55" before each conveyor by the spray nozzles of the unit for a fungicidal and stimulating destructive effect on the woven connections of the grass stems and acceleration processes of reducing the time of natural living natural decomposition under the influence of microbiological processes of mulch embedded in the soil - phytomass; c) when the grass stand reaches a height of 45-60 cm, the soil is simultaneously crushed, crushed, incorporated into the soil and mixed with the soil by the mulched phytomass obtained during the 2nd pass of the machine-tractor unit to create conditions for anaerobic humification using replaceable rotary cutters in the root zones of the plantings with 4-fold cyclic repetitions per year, while simultaneously mowing and covering the treated soil to create conditions for aerobic humification following the cutters with freshly mown grass mass from the inter-rows due to the forces of inertial rotation of the rotors of the mower unit for mulching in accordance with the agricultural requirement of 0.4-0.5 m from the trunks of the plantings, followed by cyclic 4-fold repetitions per year of treatment with the biopreparation "Extrasol-55" using the unit's spray nozzles before each conveyor; d) during the 3rd pass of the machine-tractor unit, the actions of stage (b) are carried out; d) during the 4th passage of the machine-tractor unit, the actions of stage (c) are carried out.