CN111296153A - Planting method for interplanting costus root under walnut forest - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for interplanting woody incense under a walnut forest. During this period, root rot, leaf spot and insect pests are prevented. Muxiang is harvested in autumn and winter after two years of planting. The soil and fibrous roots are removed. The taproot is cut into 6-12cm long sections, and dried in the sun or at 50°C. Dry. According to the growth habit of walnut forest and woody incense, and according to the difference in light, nutrient and water requirements of walnut trees and woody incense, the present invention adopts the planting method of interplanting woody incense under walnut forest, through reasonable land selection, land preparation, and woody incense planting , Field management and pest control and other means, so that the two crops of walnut and woody can not only grow well, but also improve soil utilization, increase yield, and improve land income.

Description

A planting method for interplanting woody incense under a walnut forest

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, in particular to a planting method for interplanting woody incense under a walnut forest.

Background technique

Walnut, also known as walnut and Qiang peach, is a perennial deciduous fruit tree of the Jugaceae family. Walnut is rich in nutritional value, high in protein and fat, and rich in various trace elements, minerals and vitamins needed by the human body. Walnut has the growth characteristics of liking light, cold resistance, drought resistance and disease resistance. It can adapt to a variety of soil growth. The growth period of walnuts varies greatly depending on the variety, ranging from 3 years to as many as 8 years before flowering and fruiting. It can be seen that walnut is a tall fruit tree with a long growth period and a deep root system.

Muxiang is a perennial herbal medicinal plant of the Compositae family. It is mainly used as a root medicine. It is also known as Mixiang, Qingmuxiang, Nanmuxiang, Guangmuxiang and Yunmuxiang. The wild quantity of Muxiang is small, mainly the domestic species, and it is mostly cultivated in the mountainous areas of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan. The annual average temperature is 5.6 ℃, the highest temperature is 23 ℃, the lowest temperature is minus 14 ℃, the annual rainfall is 800-1000 mm (mostly concentrated in August), and the frost-free period is 150 days. From December to March of the following year, there are often snow and frost, but Muxiang still survives the winter safely and grows well. The growth is fast in spring and autumn, and the growth is slow in the rainy season in July and August. At this time, there are disordered roots, and the seedling stage is afraid of strong light, so it is often interplanted with other crops, otherwise it is easy to die in the seedling stage.

In recent years, the walnut planting area in my country has become larger and larger, but the development of walnut is affected by the characteristics of long walnut planting cycle, large investment and slow effect. Therefore, interplanting cash crops under walnut forests can improve land utilization, reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests and the growth of weeds, which is beneficial to the growth of walnuts and fills the gap that cannot create economic benefits in the walnut young forest stage. There are many types of walnut intercropping at home and abroad, including vegetables, grains, fungi, and traditional Chinese medicinal materials. However, due to the inappropriate selection of intercropping species, it often causes biological competition with walnuts and affects the yield of both. Therefore, in the process of interplanting, the crops should be arranged reasonably according to the local environment, water, soil and other conditions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a planting method for interplanting Muxiang in the walnut forest, selecting Muxiang, a medicinal material that is sensitive to light in the seedling stage, according to changes in the light conditions under the walnut forest, and making full use of the land resources and tree species advantages under the walnut forest ,Increase revenue.

According to the purpose of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A planting method for interplanting woody incense under a walnut forest, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Prepare the ground

In the spring season of the following year, select a suitable walnut forest for land preparation, clean up the dead branches and leaves in the walnut forest, apply 2500-5000 kg of decomposed fertilizer per mu, and carry out deep ploughing, clear the field, and dig drainage ditches;

Step 2: Wood Fragrance Planting

Pick wood fragrant seeds, soak them in warm water at 30°C for 24 hours, and dry them until half dry before sowing;

Step 3: Field Management

Regularly carry out weeding and topdressing in walnut forests and Muxiang fields. Nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the early stage of Muxiang growth, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in the later stage of Muxiang growth; Fertilizer 1000-1500kg, ditch and fertilize and cultivate soil; Muxiang remove flower buds in the second year, and water in time;

Step 4: Pest Control

Prevent the occurrence of root rot, leaf spot and insect pests during the growth period of wood fragrant,

Prevention of root rot: mainly do drainage in the rainy season, and avoid mechanical damage during field work;

Prevention and control of leaf spot: spray the same amount of Bordeaux mixture or 1000 times of 50% bacteriostatic solution at the initial stage of the disease, and spray it every 7 to 10 days;

Prevention of pests: use trichlorfon poison bait or dimethoate emulsion, dichlorvos and malathion for prevention;

Step 5: Harvest

Muxiang is harvested in autumn and winter after two years of planting. When harvesting, deep planing beside the plant, planing off the whole root, cutting off the residual stem, removing the soil and fibrous roots, cutting the main root into 6-12cm long sections, sun-dried or mixed with 50 Dry at ℃.

Further, in step 1, the selected walnut forest land is a walnut forest land with an altitude of 1800-3500 meters. The selection requirements of the walnut forest land are: choose a walnut forest with deep soil layer, loose texture, high soil nutrients, and a large canopy. The temperature is 10-12℃, the frost period is 170-190 days, and the average annual rainfall is 900-1100 mm.

Further, in step 1, after fertilizing the walnut forest, deep ploughing is carried out, deep ploughing is 30-45 cm, and the rake is finely leveled to make a small high border with a width of 100-120 cm and a height of 15 cm.

Further, in step 2, the sowing methods of woody seeds include two kinds:

The first method of sowing: ditch and sow according to the row spacing of 50cm, cover with soil 3-5cm, press slightly, and the seeding amount per mu is 0.7-1.0kg;

The second method of sowing: on-demand, the distance between holes is 15cm, 3 to 5 seeds per hole, covered with soil of 3 to 5cm, slightly pressed, and the seeding rate per mu is 0.5 to 1.0 kg.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The present invention is a planting method of interplanting woody incense under walnut forest. According to the growth habit of walnut forest and woodsy, and according to the difference in light, nutrient and water requirements of walnut trees and woody, the planting method of interplanting woody in walnut forest is adopted. , Through reasonable land selection, land preparation, woody planting, field management and pest control, etc., both walnut and woody crops can grow well, improve soil utilization, increase yield, and increase land income.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example

The invention discloses a planting method for interplanting woody incense under a walnut forest, which is mainly suitable for the walnut forest at an altitude of 1800-3500 meters. The annual average temperature of the walnut forest is 10-12 ℃, preferably around 11 ℃, the frost period is between 170 and 190 days, and the walnut forest with an average annual rainfall of about 900-1100 mm is the best.

The planting method includes the following steps:

Step 1: Land preparation Select suitable walnut forest land for land preparation in the spring season of the following year, clean up the dead branches and leaves in the walnut forest, deep plough the land, and disinfect the soil. During disinfection, deep ploughing and sun exposure (mainly to kill the eggs and fungal spores in the soil, or spray 1.5g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder per square meter of soil or use Bordeaux mixture per square meter of soil (copper sulfate: Quicklime: water = 1:1:100) 2.5Kg + 10g of Sai Lisan and sprayed on the soil.

Muxiang root goes deep into the soil and likes fertilizer. Apply 2500-5000kg of decomposed fertilizer per mu, smash and spread it on the ground, plough 30-45cm deep, rake and level it, and make a small high border with a width of 100-120cm and a height of 15cm, and dig and drain well. Ditch for drainage in rainy season;

Step 2: Wood Fragrance Planting

Pick clean woody seeds, soak them in warm water at 30°C for 24 hours, and dry them until half dry before sowing;

There are two ways to sow woodsy seeds:

The first method of sowing: ditch and sow according to the row spacing of 50cm, cover with soil 3-5cm, press slightly, and the seeding amount per mu is 0.7-1.0kg;

The second method of sowing: on-demand, the distance between holes is 15cm, 3 to 5 seeds per hole, covered with soil of 3 to 5cm, slightly pressed, and the seeding rate per mu is 0.5 to 1.0 kg.

Step 3: Field Management

Regular weeding and topdressing between walnut forests and woody incense. Nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the early stage of growth of Muxiang to promote lush plants; phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in the later stage of Muxiang to promote thick roots; after Muxiang emerges, combined with cultivating, topdressing 50-100kg of decomposed fertilizer per mu, and applying farmyard manure per mu 1000 ~ 1500kg, ditch and fertilize and cultivate soil; Muxiang removes flower buds in the second year to reduce nutrient consumption; in dry weather, water in time.

Step 4: Pest Control

During the growth period, the root rot, leaf spot and insect pests are mainly prevented from occurring.

Prevention of root rot: Root rot is mostly caused by high temperature stagnant water. Drainage should be done in the rainy season, and mechanical damage should be avoided during field work;

Prevention and control of leaf spot: leaf spot mainly occurs in late May, and the same amount of Bordeaux mixture or 50% bacteriostatic 1000 times solution can be sprayed in the early stage of the disease, and sprayed every 7 to 10 days;

Prevention of pests: Insect pests are mainly grubs, mole crickets and cutworms that eat roots, scarabs, aphids and red spiders eat shoots and leaves. When found, use trichlorfon poison bait to trap and kill or dimethoate emulsion, dichlorvos and malathion prevent.

Step 5: Harvest

Muxiang is harvested in autumn and winter after two years of planting. When harvesting, deep planing beside the plant, planing off the whole root, cutting off the residual stem, removing the soil and fibrous roots, cutting the main root into 6-12cm long sections, sun-dried or mixed with 50 Dry at ℃.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within the range.

Claims (4)

1. The planting method for interplanting costustoot under walnut forest is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: soil preparation

Selecting a proper walnut forest land for soil preparation in the spring beginning of the next year, cleaning dry branches and fallen leaves in the walnut forest land, applying 2500-5000 kg of thoroughly decomposed fertilizer to each mu of land, deeply turning, preparing a field ridge, and digging a drainage ditch;

step 2: planting of radix aucklandiae

Selecting costustoot seeds, soaking the costustoot seeds in warm water at 30 ℃ for 24 hours, airing the costustoot seeds to be half-dry and then sowing the seeds;

and step 3: management of field

Weeding and topdressing are carried out in fields of walnut forest and elecampane regularly, nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the early growth stage of the elecampane, and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is additionally applied in the later growth stage of the elecampane; after seedlings of the elecampane are grown, intertillage is combined, 50-100 kg of decomposed fertilizer is applied to each mu, 1000-1500 kg of farmyard manure is applied to each mu, and after ditching and fertilization, ridging is carried out; removing flower buds of radix aucklandiae in the second year, and watering in time;

and 4, step 4: pest control

Preventing root rot, leaf spot and insect pest during the growth period of radix aucklandiae,

prevention of root rot: drainage in rainy season is mainly well done, and mechanical damage is avoided during field operation;

and (3) preventing and treating leaf spot disease: spraying equivalent Bordeaux mixture or 1000 times of 50% Bactericin solution at the initial stage of disease attack, and spraying once every 7-10 days;

prevention of insect pests: using trichlorfon poison bait to trap and kill or dimethoate emulsion, dichlorvos and malathion for prevention;

and 5: harvesting

Harvesting radix aucklandiae in autumn and winter after two years of planting, deeply digging around the plant during harvesting, removing the whole root, cutting off the residual stem, removing soil and fibrous root, cutting the main root into sections of 6-12 cm long, and drying in the sun or drying at 50 ℃.

2. The planting method for interplanting elecampane under walnut forest according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the walnut forest land selected is a walnut forest land with an altitude of 1800-3500 m, and the walnut forest land has the selection requirements: the walnut forest which is thick in soil layer, loose in texture, high in soil nutrient and large in crown is selected, the annual average temperature of the walnut forest is 10-12 ℃, the frost period is 170-190 days, and the annual average rainfall is 900-1100 mm.

3. The planting method for interplanting elecampane under walnut forest according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the walnut forest land is deeply ploughed after fertilizing, ploughed deeply by 30-45 cm, finely raked and leveled, and small high furrows with width of 100-120 cm and height of 15cm are made.

4. The planting method for interplanting costustoot under walnut forest according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the sowing modes of costustoot seeds comprise two modes:

the first sowing mode is as follows: ditching and sowing according to the row spacing of 50cm, covering soil for 3-5 cm, slightly pressing, and sowing 0.7-1.0 kg per mu;

the second sowing mode is as follows: dibbling, wherein the hole distance is 15cm, 3-5 seeds are planted in each hole, the soil is covered for 3-5 cm, the seeds are slightly pressed, and the seeding amount per mu is 0.5-1.0 kg.