RU2842475C1 - Method of feeding pigs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: pigs feeding method relates to agriculture. In the method, which includes the daily feeding of feedstuff, in which a microbial additive is introduced, obtained on the basis of lactic acid microorganisms and a filler of vegetable origin, including powdered maltodextrin and food citrus fibre, according to the invention, when feeding pigs, a microbial feed additive is added to the feedstuff in dose of 0.5-1.0 %, in which Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D is used as lactic acid microorganisms in amount of 0.5-1.0 %, in composition of vegetable origin filler powdered maltodextrin is used in amount of 75-84.5 % and food citrus fibre in amount of 10-15 %, in addition, apple pectin is further added in amount of 5-10 % of the resulting mass of the microbial feed additive until achieving the titre of the culture in the additive of at least 10⁹ cells/g.

EFFECT: increase of safety and indices of meat productivity of pigs.

1 cl, 4 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to pig farming, and specifically to a method for feeding pigs.

In industrial pig production, early weaned piglets face social, environmental and dietary stresses caused by handling, transport, litter mixing, separation from the mother and the transition from a milk diet to solid feed. Dietary changes at weaning are associated with low feed and water intake, gastrointestinal changes and modifications of the piglet gut microbiota. Microbial communities inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract perform many functions, such as participating in the digestion of organic compounds and fermentation of carbohydrates to make metabolites available to the host, contributing to host defense against pathogenic bacteria, and any changes in the microbial background have already been associated with numerous diseases or infections. The transition to weaning is associated with diarrhea and enteric diseases, which are the main causes of mortality in piglets and may be a direct consequence of the microbial shifts observed during this critical period. In addition to increasing the economic burden on the pig industry, weaning-associated infections are a public health concern due to the widespread use of antimicrobials for therapeutic purposes.

In this regard, the question arises of using safe feed additives and preparations of microbial origin that allow normalizing the bacterial balance towards beneficial microflora in order to reduce the impact of unfavorable stress factors on the body of young pigs. Thus, the search for highly effective microbial compositions based on pigs' own (autochthonous) microflora is a relevant and promising direction.

There are ways to increase the survival rate and meat productivity of pigs by introducing microelements, enzymes, vitamins, and probiotics into their diets. In this case, beneficial microorganisms that exhibit probiotic properties, but are not the natural microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of pigs, are often used in the composition of microbial feed additives.

A method is known for feeding pigs feed mixtures of different compositions using the probiotic SBA, which contains a mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Streptrcoccus faccium, in the amount of 0.5 g per 1 kg of dry matter of the feed mixture to increase productivity in pigs (Anokhina V.D. Effect of probiotic supplementation on productivity, metabolism and energy in young pigs when feeding feed mixtures of different compositions: author's abstract of diss. ... candidate of biological sciences. - M., 2012. - 23 p.).

A method is known for using lactic acid starter culture MKZ based on Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus lactis in feeding pigs, in the amount of 20 ml per 1 head/day mixed with compound feed, which ensures an increase in the meat productivity of pigs (The effect of probiotic influence on the immune system, intestinal microflora and live weight gain in pigs / E. A. Moskalenko, E. N. Golovko, I. A. Sinelytsykova, N. N. Zabashta // Collection of scientific papers of the Krasnodar Scientific Center for Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine. - 2019. - Vol. 8, No. 3. - Pp. 42-46. - DOI 10.34617/kn3q-av79).

The disadvantage of the known methods is that the composition of microbial additives includes microorganisms that are not natural representatives of the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract of pigs, thus the additives will not ensure the maximum realization of the biological potential of pigs, and the additives are added in their native form to the feed, which will ensure a high percentage of death of the culture before they enter the gastrointestinal tract of pigs.

There is a method that involves the use of the microbial supplement Gallobact-F in the composition of pig diets in an amount of 0.5% with water, including three types of lactic acid bacteria: Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus intermedius and Lactobacillus salivarius, which ensures an increase in the survival rate and productivity of pigs (Shkredov V.V. Improving the productive qualities of piglets during the growing period using the new probiotic supplement Gallobact-F: diss. for co-author of a PhD in biology / V.V. Shkredov. - Ekaterinburg, 2022. - 153 p).

The disadvantage of this method is that the microbial supplement contains microorganisms that are not natural representatives of the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract of pigs, and it is presented in liquid form and is introduced into drinking water, which technologically complicates the process of its use in the diet of animals, requires the use of additional equipment (dispensers), which in combination will not ensure maximum survival and growth of beneficial microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs and will not allow the maximum realization of the biological potential of pigs.

The closest method is the use in agricultural feeding. animals and poultry microbial supplement, which includes a dry culture of lactic acid bacteria: Bifidobacterium lactis 2.5-3.0%, Lactobacillus acidophilus 2.5-3.0%, Streptococcus thermophilus 2.5-3.0%, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp.Bulgaricus 2.5-3.0%, and fillers of plant origin: dietary citrus fiber 14.0-15.0%, maltodextrin 76.0-84.0%, which is fed with the diet in the amount of 0.7 kg per 1 ton of compound feed (Boyko A. A. Efficiency of using the probiotic feed additive "SBT-Lacto" in growing broiler chickens: diss. for co-author of a PhD in biology / A.A. Boyko. - Ekaterinburg, 2023. - 153 p).

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is that the microbial supplement contains microorganisms that are not natural representatives of the microbiocenosis of the gastrointestinal tract of animals, as well as insufficient diversity of the prebiotic substance for the filler when it is obtained, as a result of which, when using this microbial supplement in the diet of animals and poultry, the maximum survival and growth of beneficial microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract will not occur.

The technical result is an increase in the survival rate and meat productivity of pigs.

The technical result is achieved in that in the method of feeding pigs, including daily feeding of compound feed, into which a microbial additive obtained on the basis of lactic acid microorganisms and a filler of plant origin, including powdered maltodextrin and food citrus fiber, is introduced, according to the invention, when feeding pigs, a microbial feed additive is introduced into the compound feed in a dose of 0.5-1.0%, in which Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D is used as lactic acid microorganisms in an amount of 0.5-1.0%, and apple pectin is additionally introduced into the filler of plant origin in an amount of 5-10% of the obtained mass of the microbial feed additive.

The novelty of the claimed technical solution is due to the fact that the microbial feed additive for feeding pigs contains lactic acid microorganisms Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D, which are natural representatives of the microbiocenosis of the cecum of pigs (Study of the probiotic properties of lactobacilli isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of pigs / Yu. A. Lysenko, A. V. Luneva, A. Kh. Shantyz [et al.] // Veterinary Science and Feeding. - 2023. - No. 4. - P. 58-61. - DOI 10.30917 / ATT-VK-1814-9588-2023-4-17.) and a filler of plant origin consisting of powdered maltodextrin in an amount of 75-85%, dietary citrus fiber in an amount 10-15% and additionally apple pectin is introduced in an amount of 5-10% of the mass of the microbial supplement to maintain the viability and growth of Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs and the microbial supplement is fed at a dose of 0.5-1.0% of the mass of the compound feed.

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are aimed at achieving a technical result and have not been identified during the study of this and related fields of science and technology and, therefore, meet the criterion of “inventive step”.

These differences allow us to conclude that the declared technical solutions meet the “novelty” criterion.

The compliance of the claimed solution with the patentability criterion “industrial applicability” is due to the fact that the proposed technical solution is operational and can be used for feeding pigs.

The method of feeding pigs is as follows.

The cultivation of Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D microorganisms is carried out in a medium consisting of feed molasses - 45.0 g, K2HPO4 - 2.0 g, yeast extract - 0.02 g. Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D microorganisms with a titer of at least 1.0×10 ⁵ CFU/ml in an amount of 100.0 g/l are added to the prepared nutrient medium and cultivated at a temperature of 37°C for 24 hours.

When using the seed culture Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D in an amount of less than 100.0 g/l, the required culture titer will not be achieved.

When using the seed culture Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D in an amount of more than 100.0 g/l, the same titer is achieved and there is no point in taking a larger amount.

Upon completion of cultivation in the fermenter, Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D is concentrated using a flow centrifuge with a cylindrical rotor.

As the rotor fills, the centrifuge is stopped and the rotor is cleaned. The bacterial mass is separated by washing the supernatant from the rotor and subsequent resuspension until the cell titer reaches at least 10 ¹² cells/ml.

Lyophilization of the bacterial concentrate Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D is carried out in sublimation drying by pouring into cassettes, after mixing with a cryoprotectant.

Obtaining the finished form of the microbial feed additive includes aseptic mixing of the lyophilized bacterial concentrate with a filler of plant origin. The amount of bacterial concentrate Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D in the synbiotic is 0.5-1.0%, powdered maltodextrin in the amount of 75-85%, food citrus fiber in the amount of 10-15% and apple pectin in the amount of 5-10% of the weight of the microbial additive, which ensures that the culture titer in the additive is at least 10 ⁹ cells/g.

When using the bacterial concentrate Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D in an amount of less than 0.5% of the mass of the microbial supplement, the required titer of the culture in the supplement will not be achieved.

When using the bacterial concentrate Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D in an amount of more than 1.0% of the mass of the microbial supplement, the required titer of the culture in the supplement is achieved and there is no point in taking a larger amount.

The simultaneous use of three components as fillers of plant origin (powdered maltodextrin, dietary citrus fiber, apple pectin) in the microbial supplement will ensure maximum support for the growth and viability of Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs.

When using fillers of plant origin alone or in any other combination, it will not provide maximum support for the growth and viability of Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs.

When using maltodextrin as a filler component in an amount of less than 75% of the mass of the microbial supplement, the growth and viability of Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs will not be maintained.

When using maltodextrin as a filler component in an amount of more than 85% of the mass of the microbial supplement, the growth and viability of Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs will be maintained and there is no point in taking a larger amount, as this increases the cost of the product.

When using dietary citrus fiber as a filler component in an amount of less than 10% of the weight of the microbial supplement, the growth and viability of Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs will not be maintained.

When using food citrus fiber as a filler component in an amount of more than 15% of the mass of the microbial supplement, the growth and viability of Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs will be maintained and there is no point in taking a larger amount, as this increases the cost of the product.

When using powdered apple pectin as a filler component in an amount of less than 5% of the mass of the microbial supplement, the growth and viability of Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs will not be maintained.

When using powdered apple pectin as a filler component in an amount of more than 10% of the mass of the microbial supplement, the growth and viability of Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs will be maintained and there is no point in taking a larger amount, as this increases the cost of the product.

When using a microbial feed additive in an amount of less than 0.5% of the combined feed weight, it will not improve the survival and productivity of pigs.

The use of a microbial feed additive in an amount greater than 1.0% of the combined feed weight is not advisable, due to the fact that this does not lead to a further increase in the declared technical result.

An example of a specific implementation of a method for feeding pigs.

Example 1. A microbial feed additive consisting of lyophilized bacterial mass Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D and a filler of plant origin (powdered maltodextrin, food citrus fiber and apple pectin) was used for feeding pigs. Scientific experiments on suckling piglets were conducted to select the optimal dose of the microbial additive in the compound feed.

The studies were carried out in the Pyatachok training and production complex (Krasnodar). Four groups of suckling piglets were selected based on the analog group principle: Group 1 (control) was kept in the same conditions as the other (experimental) groups and received the standard feeding ration adopted at the enterprise (SR); Group 2 received the same compound feed with daily addition of 0.5% microbial feed additive (CF+MKD 0.5%); Group 3, similar to Group 2, received daily microbial feed additive in the compound feed at a dose of 0.7% of the compound feed weight (CF+MKD 0.7%); Group 4, under the same conditions as the other groups, received daily microbial feed additive in a dose of 1.0% (CF+MKD 1.0%). During the experiment, all piglets had unlimited access to drinking water from nipple drinkers. The experimental design is presented in Table 1.

The productivity, safety and conversion rates of feed for suckling piglets in the experimental and control groups using a microbial feed additive are presented in Table 2.

During the observation of piglets of the 3rd and 4th experimental groups, the clinical picture and the situation in the places of stay of animals were characterized, during the entire stage of the experiment, by a consistently positive clinical status, namely, the body temperature of animals corresponded to the norms for this age group of animals (on average, 39.5 ° C), the piglets had a strong constitution, good nutrition (rounded contour lines of the body) and a tender-dense constitution, a lively temperament expressed in active behavior. In the places of stay of animals, no signs of intestinal disorders were observed, feces were well formed, without mucus, had a color characteristic of the type of animals. There was no mortality of animals. During the monitoring of the condition of piglets after the planned technological operations - tail docking, castration of boars and the use of iron-containing drugs, clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal disorders were not registered.

The control and 2nd experimental groups had similar health indicators from the 3rd and 4th to 5-8 days after birth. After the planned technological operations - tail docking, castration of boars and the use of iron-containing drugs, the clinical picture and the situation in the places of stay of the animals were characterized, during the entire stage of the experiment, by an imbalance in the general condition of the animals of the examined groups. It was expressed in the periodic manifestation of signs of diarrhea in individual animals, the consequence of which was a decrease in activity in the groups, the presence of individuals with signs of intoxication and contamination of the places of stay of piglets with excrement of watery consistency. The mortality of animals from among the control animals was 3.33% (2 heads), in the 2nd experimental group - 1.66% (1 head), while in the 3rd and 4th experimental groups all animals survived.

The results of Table 2 show the prevalence of the final weight of piglets in the experimental groups and their average gain compared to the control group. The first indicator in the experimental groups statistically reliably (at p≤0.05) exceeded the control by 5.76% (470 g), 11.29%) (920 g) and 14.84% (1210 g), respectively, in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups. The average gain in live weight of a piglet in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups exceeded the indicators of the control animals by 6.66% (470 g); 12.90% (910 g) and 17.44%) (1230 g), respectively. The cost of compound feed per unit of production in the 2nd experimental group corresponded to the indicators of the control group, the data obtained for the 3rd experimental group reflect a decrease in the indicator by 3.07% and by 4.61% in the 4th experimental group of piglets.

In general, during the technological period of growing suckling piglets, the maximum survival rate (100%) was in the 3rd and 4th experimental groups, while in the control and 2nd experimental groups, taking into account mortality and culling, it was 95.0 and 96.6%.

Technological operations during this period of growth of young pigs allow obtaining the required economic indicators, but are the cause of stress for animals and at the same time have a negative impact on their body, which was revealed to a greater extent in the control, as well as in the 2nd experimental groups.

Example 2. A microbial feed additive consisting of lyophilized bacterial mass Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D and a filler of plant origin (powdered maltodextrin, food citrus fiber and apple pectin) was used to feed pigs. To select the optimal dose of the microbial additive, scientific experiments were conducted on piglets of the weaning group.

The studies were conducted at the Pyatachok training and production complex (Krasnodar). Four groups of rearing piglets were selected based on the analog group principle: Group 1 (control) was kept in the same conditions as the other (experimental) groups and received the standard feeding ration adopted at the enterprise (SR); Group 2 received the same compound feed with daily addition of 0.5% microbial feed additive (MFA + MKD 0.5%); Group 3, similar to Group 2, received daily 0.7% of the compound feed weight MFA + MKD; Group 4, under the same conditions as the other groups, received daily 1.0% microbial feed additive (MFA + MKD 1.0%). During the experiment, all piglets had unlimited access to drinking water from nipple drinkers. The experimental design is presented in Table 3.

The results of productivity, safety and conversion of feed for piglets in the growing experimental and control groups are presented in Table 4.

As a result of 56 days of growing experimental piglets at the growing stage, the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups of animals exceeded the weight of animals at the end of the control group stage by 2.30% and 10.18%. The 4th experimental group reliably exceeded the analyzed indicator compared to the control by 16.31% (p≤0.05). The average increase in the weight gain of one head (gain over the technological period) of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups correspond to the indicators of 1.36%, 9.60% and 17.31%) relative to the control data. The feed conversion indicators of growing piglets reflect a decrease in their costs per 1 kg of gain in the experimental groups by 0.43, 6.55, and 10.48%, respectively, in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups relative to the control.

The survival rate of the livestock in the period under review was 92% in the control group of animals with an equal ratio of mortality and culling of 4% (2 heads each). The yield of commercially valuable livestock in the 2nd experimental group was 96% with equal proportions of loss due to mortality and culling - 2% (1 head each), which exceeded the control indicator by 4%. In the 3rd experimental group, there was 98% survival and 2% (1 head) loss due to culling. There was no loss of livestock in the 4th experimental group throughout the experiment, the survival rate was 100%.

Thus, the use of the studied microbial feed additive in young pigs at an early age contributed to a decrease in the negative consequences of mandatory planned technological operations carried out on the farm; an increase in survival and productivity indicators was observed due to higher gains, while simultaneously reducing feed costs per unit of production, which was especially pronounced in the group where 1.0% of the microbial feed additive from the feed weight was used (4th experimental group).

In general, the test results showed that feeding pigs with the introduction of the developed microbial feed additive into the compound feed, consisting of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D, isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of pigs, and a filler of plant origin, consisting of powdered maltodextrin, food citrus fiber and additional introduction of apple pectin, in the tested doses ensures an increase in the survival rate and meat productivity of pigs.

Claims (1)

A method for feeding pigs, including daily feeding of compound feed, into which a microbial additive is introduced, obtained on the basis of lactic acid microorganisms and a filler of plant origin, including powdered maltodextrin and dietary citrus fiber, characterized in that when feeding pigs, a microbial feed additive is introduced into the compound feed in a dose of 0.5-1.0%, in which Lactobacillus amylovorus VKM B-3750D is used as lactic acid microorganisms in an amount of 0.5-1.0%, powdered maltodextrin in an amount of 75-84.5% and dietary citrus fiber in an amount of 10-15% are used in the composition of the filler of plant origin, in addition, apple pectin is additionally introduced in an amount of 5-10% of the obtained mass of the microbial feed additive until the titer of the culture in the additive is achieved, equal to at least 10 ⁹ cells/g.