RU2840094C1 - Fodder additive for young cattle and method of its introduction into calves ration - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary science.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to veterinary medicine and can be used as a biologically active preventive feed additive for young cattle. Fodder additive plus includes: glycerine extracts of common pine needles, bark of aspen, poplar, bird cherry, vitamins A, D3, E. Fodder additive is intended for introduction of the above composition into the ration of calves in amount of 5-20 ml per head with combined milk or water daily for 4 weeks. Fodder additive is introduced into the ration starting from age of 30 days.

EFFECT: use of the group of inventions will make it possible to prevent the onset of pulmonary diseases, as well as to increase safety and body weight gain in the calf.

2 cl, 4 tbl

Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine and can be used as a biologically active prophylactic feed additive and consists of introducing a feed additive into the diet of calves during the growing period to reduce mortality due to respiratory diseases, in particular non-specific bronchopneumonia, and to increase live weight gain in the second month of the calf's life.

Due to changes in the structure of the ciliated epithelium, disruption of the drainage and self-cleaning function of the bronchi, it is necessary to include drugs with expectorant and anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment regimen for bronchopneumonia in animals. Herbal preparations fully meet these criteria. Medicinal plants have a number of advantages over chemical medications. Thus, being natural, they are better tolerated by the body. Plants (herbal preparations) do not have side effects, and therefore they can be used for a long time and the effect of their use is higher than that of chemical substances [Goncharova T.A. Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. In 2 volumes / M .: Publishing House of MSP. 1997. 560 p. (1)].

Decoctions and infusions of several plants have found wide application in veterinary practice. Thus, an infusion of marsh wild rosemary exhibits antispasmodic, expectorant, diaphoretic and antiseptic properties, dilates blood vessels and reduces blood pressure [Alyavi A.L., Karimov M.M. Use of naked licorice extract in restoring local non-specific protection of the lungs in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis / Issues of balneology, physiotherapy and exercise therapy. 2002. No. 2. P. 40-41. (2)].

The effectiveness of including medicinal herbs in therapy draws attention to the fact that they have antioxidant properties and contain biologically active substances (saponins and essential oils) that enhance the secretion of bronchial glands, thin sputum and facilitate the evacuation of sputum, inflammation products and microorganisms from the respiratory tract [Nikulina N.B., Gurova S.V., Aksenova V.M. Non-specific bronchopneumonia of calves: a tutorial / Perm: IPC "Prokrost", 2017. Pp. 48-49. (3)].

In this invention, the main component is a glycerol extract of Scots pine wood greenery obtained by extracting wood greenery at a temperature of 60-120°C for 3 hours with a liquid module of 1:5. Glycerol has a positive value for optimizing the energy balance when formulating animal feeding rations [Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2543814 C2, A23K 1/00, A23K 1/14, A23K 1/16 05.06.2013 (4); Ryzhov V.A., Ryzhova E.S., Korotkiy V.P., Esipovich A.L., Kazantsev O.A., Zenkin A.S. Coniferous energy feed additive for animal husbandry / Modern scientific research: current theories and concepts - ART 64387. - URL: http://e-koncept.ru/teleconf/64387.html - State reg.El No. FS 77 - 49965. - ISSN 2304-120X (5)].

The purpose of this invention is to use in animal husbandry, in particular veterinary medicine, a feed additive for dairy calves to reduce the incidence of non-specific bronchopneumonia and increase survival and live weight.

The proposed supplement enriches the diet of calves in the second month of life with essential biologically active substances, macro- and microelements, vitamins, has a pronounced expectorant effect, normalizes the function of the gastrointestinal tract, prevents the development of rhinitis, severe cough, diarrhea and increases weight gain.

The feed additive for young cattle contains glycerin extracts of Scots pine wood greenery, aspen bark, poplar, bird cherry, vitamins A, D3, E, and in appearance is a puree of a rich greenish-brown color with a specific plant smell, semi-liquid consistency.

1. A feed additive for young cattle, characterized in that it is a mixture of glycerin extracts of Scots pine wood greenery, aspen bark, poplar, bird cherry, vitamins A, D3, E, in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

- glycerin extract of Scots pine wood greenery - 67%;

- glycerin extract of common aspen bark - 10%;

- glycerin extract of black poplar bark - 10%;

- glycerin extract of bird cherry bark - 10%;

- vitamin A - 0.5%;

- vitamin D3 - 1.5%;

- vitamin E - 1.0%.

2. A method for introducing a mixture of feed additives according to paragraph 1 into the diet of calves, characterized in that the feed additive is introduced, starting from the age of 30 days, in the amount of 5-20 ml per head with collected milk or water, daily, for 4 weeks.

Supplement components:

1. Glycerin extract of Scots pine wood greenery. Needles of Scots pine (Pínus sylvéstris, family Sosnaceae), which contain a complex of biologically active substances such as vitamins C, K, E, P and group B, phytoncides, chlorophyll, proteins, fats, macro- and microelements that have bactericidal and immunomodulatory effects. Glycerin improves the performance properties of the resulting product, increases the energy value of the additive and has antibacterial properties [Yagodyn V.I., Vyrodov V.A. Technology of biologically active substances from wood greenery. SPb.: LTA, 1999, 80 p. (6); Ryzhov V.A., Ryzhova E.S., Korotkiy V.P., Zenkin A.S., Marisov S.S. Development and industrial application of domestic phytobiotics / Scientific and methodological electronic journal Concept. 2015. Vol. 13. Pp. 3236-3240. (7)].

2. Glycerol extract of common aspen bark. The bark of common aspen (Poputus tremuta, family Salix) contains biologically active substances, in particular salicin, which has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antitussive and anthelmintic properties and does not irritate the gastrointestinal tract [Safin R.G., Ziatdinova D.F., Arslanova G.R. Extraction of biologically active substances from aspen bark / Forest Bulletin. 2017. Vol. 21. No. 2. Pp. 65-69. (8)].

3. Glycerol extract of black poplar bark. Black poplar bark (P. nigra, family Salix) contains tannins (3-9%), yellow dye chrysin, glycosides populin, salicin, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, higher hydrocarbons are present [Yarulina E.S. Pharmacotoxicological evaluation of the new drug Bronkhelp and its use in bronchopneumonia of calves: dissertation for the degree of candidate of veterinary sciences / Kazan, 2020. P. 40. (9)].

4. Glycerin extract of bird cherry bark. Bird cherry bark (Prunus padus, Rosaceae family) has a pronounced astringent and anti-inflammatory effect due to the presence of tannins and organic acids. Anthocyanins with P-vitamin activity have a capillary-strengthening effect. The combination of tannins and anthocyanins provides a stable anti-inflammatory effect. [Khazipov N.N. et al. Handbook - album of medicinal plants used for prevention and treatment in animal husbandry / Kazan, 2012. - 38 p. (10)]

5. Vitamin A (oil solution of retinol acetate or retinol palmitate and vegetable oil (sunflower, soybean, corn)). Vitamin A (retinol) is involved in the metabolism of proteins and minerals, prevents xerophthalmia, keratinization of epithelial tissue, increases resistance to infections, promotes the growth of young animals. [Volynkina M.G. Use of vitamin in calf rearing at Salekhardagro OJSC, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug / Agricultural sciences and agro-industrial complex at the turn of the century. 2013. P. 153. (11)]

6. Vitamin D3 (oil solution of α-tocopherol acetate and vegetable oil (sunflower, soybean, corn)). Vitamin D is an active antirachitic factor. The most important function of vitamin D is the regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism, which promotes mineralization and growth of the skeleton [Maslova T.V. Vitamin D in the treatment of rickets in calves / Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2008. No. 11 (53). P. 55. (12)].

7. Vitamin E (oil solution of cholecalciferol and vegetable oil (sunflower, soybean, corn)). Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) affects the functions of endocrine organs, such as the pituitary gland and thyroid gland. When it is deficient, toxic products of fat metabolism accumulate. Its key role is to serve as an antioxidant, protecting cells from free radicals and oxidative damage [Borzenkova I.S. Vitamin provision of the diet is the path to efficient milk production / Scientific journal of young scientists. 2020. No. 3 (20). Pp. 3-8. (13)].

The developed recipe for the declared feed additive for young cattle is presented in Table 1.

The study of the beneficial properties of the feed additive for young cattle was carried out under the conditions of a production experiment on breeding heifers at JSC Agrokombinat breeding farm "Krasnogorsky", Kostino branch, Kirov city, Kirov region, from April 4 to May 7, 2024. The scientific experiment was carried out in accordance with the requirements for a medical and biological experiment: selection of analogues, setting up control, the same conditions for feeding and keeping animals of the control and experimental groups during the entire research period and recording the results.

The object of the scientific study were 30-day-old breeding heifers of the Black-and-White Holsteinized breed, raised in an unheated calf village until the age of 2.5 months. The studies were divided into 2 groups of calves (control and experimental) of 5 heads each, based on the principle of analogues, taking into account the breed, live weight, physiological condition and age. In both groups, all calves showed signs of non-specific bronchopneumonia: rhinitis, cough, lethargy, decreased appetite, dyspeptic phenomena. From the age of 30 days, the control group of calves received the main diet, and the experimental group received the main diet with a feed additive for young cattle in the amount of 5-20 ml per head with collected milk or water, daily, for a 4-week course without breaks. The additive was dosed gradually, increasing the dose by 5 ml every 7 days. The duration of the experiment was 28 days.

During the experimental period, animals of the control and experimental groups consumed the basic diet presented in Table 2.

During the scientific experiment, the following indicators were analyzed: clinical condition, survival and live weight gain of young breeding animals, the level of total protein, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium in the blood serum of calves, the economic effect of using the mix and economic efficiency per ruble of expenses.

Biochemical studies were performed at the laboratory of immunobiochemical analysis of biological objects of the Department of Therapy, Surgery, Obstetrics and Infectious Diseases of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution Vyatka State Agrarian University using the iMage-V7 biochemical analyzer. The standard deviation for animal groups was calculated in Microsoft Excel 2010, and the Student criterion was calculated in the ASD program.

The results obtained during the scientific experiment indicate a positive effect of the feed additive on the organism of breeding heifers. Clinical examination of the calves of the experimental group showed rapid elimination of signs of respiratory syndrome in all animals. The calves were active and consumed feed well. As for the calves of the control group, signs of bronchopneumonia remained in 3 calves. Two calves had licking and alopecia in the area of the root of the tail and hind limbs. The survival rate of the livestock in the control and experimental groups was 100%.

The research showed that the inclusion of a feed additive for young cattle in the diet of the experimental group heifers from the age of 30 days contributed to an increase in the growth rate of the calves over 4 weeks. By the age of 58 days, the live weight gain in the experimental group heifers was 17.9% higher than in the control group, and the average daily gain was 92.8 g (Table 3). It should be noted that the low live weight gain was associated with cold (abnormal) weather conditions in April-May 2024.

When studying protein, carbohydrate and mineral metabolism, it was found that the feed additive for young cattle does not have a negative effect on the glucose level and the calcium and phosphorus ratio. As for the level of total protein in the blood serum of calves, its amount significantly increased by 25.7% (P < 0.05) and was 25.1% higher than the control. It should be noted that feeding the additive for 28 days has a positive effect on the potassium level. Before the introduction of the additive, the potassium concentration in the blood serum of the control and experimental calves was overestimated and was in the range from 7.66 ± 0.18 to 7.84 ± 0.7 mmol / l, which is typical for dyspeptic syndrome, especially against the background of the use of antibacterial drugs. After feeding the additive, the potassium level significantly decreased by 1.6 times (P < 0.05) and was 12.2% lower than the control (Table 4).

The obtained results allow us to conclude that the use of the feed additive at a dose of 5-20 ml per head for 28 days effectively prevents the development of respiratory syndrome, helps to increase the level of total protein and reduce the concentration of potassium in the blood serum of calves, which, in turn, increases the survival and growth of calves in the second month of life and allows them to be raised without the use of combined antimicrobial drugs.

The economic effect of the experiment consists of the prevented damage as a result of veterinary measures and savings in material costs as a result of using the feed additive and bronchopneumonia prophylaxis in this farm. The prevented damage from non-specific bronchopneumonia of calves in the control and experimental groups amounted to 3825 rubles. Material costs when using the feed additive were 658.4 rubles.

In JSC AK PZ "Krasnogorsky", the Kostino department uses the drug Sulfetrisan in combination with a solution of Calcium borogluconate for the treatment of non-specific bronchopneumonia in calves, therefore, the costs in the control group were equal to 2305 rubles.

The economic effect of chemotherapy was 1,520 rubles, while when feeding the mix it was 3,166.5 rubles.

The economic efficiency per ruble of expenses for chemotherapy was 0.66 rubles, and for feeding the mix - 4.8 rubles.

Thus, based on the calculation of the economic efficiency of the experiment, it can be concluded that the use of a feed additive for young cattle with non-specific bronchopneumonia is therapeutically effective and economically beneficial.

Sources of information

1. Goncharova T.A. Encyclopedia of medicinal plants. In 2 volumes / M.: Publishing House of MSP. 1997. 560 p.

2. Alyavi A.L., Karimov M.M. Use of licorice extract in restoration of local non-specific protection of the lungs in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis / Issues of balneology, physiotherapy and exercise therapy. 2002. No. 2. P. 40-41.

3. Nikulina N.B., Gurova S.V., Aksenova V.M. Non-specific bronchopneumonia of calves: a tutorial / Perm: IPC "Prokrost", 2017. P. 48-49.

4. Russian Federation Patent No. 2543814 C2, A23K 1/00, A23K 1/14, A23K 1/16 05.06.2013.

5. Ryzhov V.A., Ryzhova E.S., Korotkiy V.P., Esipovich A.L., Kazantsev O.A., Zenkin A.S. Coniferous-energy feed additive for animal husbandry / Modern scientific research: current theories and concepts - ART 64387. - URL: http://e-koncept.ru/teleconf/64387.html - State reg. El No. FS 77 - 49965. - ISSN 2304-120X.

6. Yagodin V.I., Vyrodov V.A. Technology of biologically active substances from wood greenery. St. Petersburg: LTA, 1999, 80 p.

7. Ryzhov V.A., Ryzhova E.S., Korotkiy V.P., Zenkin A.S., Marisov S.S. Development and industrial application of domestic phytobiotics / Scientific and methodological electronic journal Concept. 2015. Vol. 13. P. 3236-3240.

8. Safin R.G., Ziatdinova D.F., Arslanova G.R. Extraction of biologically active substances from aspen bark / Forest Bulletin. 2017. Vol. 21. No. 2. P. 65-69.

9. Yarulina E.S. Pharmacotoxicological evaluation of the new drug Bronchelp and its use in bronchopneumonia of calves: dissertation for the degree of candidate of veterinary sciences / Kazan, 2020. P. 40.

10. Khazipov N.N. et al. Handbook - album of medicinal plants used for prevention and treatment in animal husbandry / Kazan, 2012. - 38 p.

11. Volynkina M.G. Use of vitamin in calf rearing at JSC Salekhardagro in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug / Agricultural sciences and agro-industrial complex at the turn of the century. 2013. P. 153.

12. Maslova T.V. Vitamin D in the treatment of rickets in calves / Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2008. No. 11 (53). P. 55.

13. Borzenkova I.S. Vitamin provision of the diet - the path to efficient milk production / Scientific journal of young scientists. 2020. No. 3 (20). P. 3-8.

Claims (9)

1. A feed additive for young cattle, characterized in that it is a mixture of glycerin extracts of Scots pine wood greenery, aspen bark, poplar, bird cherry, vitamins A, D3, E, in the following ratio of components, wt.%: - glycerin extract of Scots pine wood greenery - 67%; - glycerin extract of common aspen bark - 10%; - glycerin extract of black poplar bark - 10%; - glycerin extract of bird cherry bark - 10%; - vitamin A - 0.5%; - vitamin D3 - 1.5%; - vitamin E - 1.0%. 2. A method for introducing a mixture of feed additives according to paragraph 1 into the diet of calves, characterized in that the feed additive is introduced, starting from the age of 30 days, in the amount of 5-20 ml per head with collected milk or water, daily, for 4 weeks.