RU2729390C1 - Method of producing organic-mineral fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. Method involves producing an organic-mineral fertilizer, the components of which are dry ash and organic acid. Components are preliminarily milled and mixed, added in amount, wt%, ash – 60–75, carboxylic and/or sulphonic organic acid – rest. Crushed and mixed components are dissolved in volume of ammonia water to pH = 6.5–7.5 with quantitative composition of dry mixture – 0.1–0.4 kg per 1 ha of arable lands with total weight of ammoniacal water within 1–5 t, with ammonia content of 0.1–0.5 % to water. Additional microelements required for growing a specific plant are introduced into fertilizer composition.EFFECT: method makes it possible to create an organic-mineral fertilizer with a complex of microelements having optimum proportions, with improved digestibility.1 cl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and provides complete utilization of ash to obtain high-quality complex organomineral fertilizers.

A known method of producing organomineral fertilizers using ash and poultry droppings, according to which poultry droppings are divided into two parts, one part of which is used as biofuel to obtain heat energy and concentrated ash plant nutrients - ash, which is used as a mineral additive, the other part the manure is treated with a stabilizer, kept for the stabilization time, dried to the required moisture content (for example, 40-45%) and mixed with the ash of the manure of the first part, after which the mixture is granulated and the granules are dried with air heated during the combustion of the first part of the manure (see patent RU No. 2399641, M. CL. C05F 3/00, 2010).

The disadvantage of this method is the use of a stabilizer based on a 10% sulfuric acid solution, which ensures the decontamination of manure, the vapors of which, as a result of drying, negatively affect the environment and technological equipment causing premature corrosion of metal parts in direct contact with sulfuric acid vapors. The need to use additional areas for keeping poultry droppings after processing it with a 10% sulfuric acid solution in order to stabilize. A two-stage drying process, first the dung is dried to a moisture content of 40-45%, and then the granules to a moisture content of 12-14%. Also, the disadvantage is that the use of this technical solution is possible only when disposing of chicken manure with the cage keeping of poultry.

Known organomineral fertilizer based on ash, including ash obtained by burning chicken litter and dung mass, and flotation sludge in a ratio of 1: 2.5-4.

This method of obtaining complex granular organomineral fertilizers of prolonged action based on ash, including burning biofuel, mixing the resulting ash with an organic binder, granulating the resulting mixture and drying the granules to a moisture content of 10-12%, chicken litter and dung mass with a moisture content of up to 45% is used as biofuel , formed when using floor poultry farming, and the ash obtained by burning biofuel is subjected to mechanical activation and ash particles no larger than 0.5 mm are mixed with flotation sludge in a ratio of 1: 2.5-4, after which the mixture is granulated and the granules are subjected to heat treatment at temperature of 100-200 ° C with the help of waste gases formed during the combustion of biofuel (see patent RU No. 2374688, M.Cl. C05F 3/00, 2016).

The disadvantage of the specified composition of fertilizers and the method of its production is that when the litter-dung mass is burned, the trace elements in it are converted into a simple form, usually in the form of oxides. This form of trace elements is called metallic and is very poorly absorbed by plants. In this method, flotation sludge is a binding material for producing granules and practically does not participate in a chemical reaction with ash.

Known patent document JP 2016166115, which describes an organomineral fertilizer obtained by grinding and mixing fertilizer components, which are used as wood ash and acid.

The lack of nitrogen in the above fertilizer is a significant disadvantage.

Closest to the proposed one is the patent document CN 107285820 A, 10.24.2017. Obtained under this patent is an organomineral fertilizer containing ash obtained by burning biofuel - plants and at least one acid from organic acids at a certain ratio of dry components.

It is known that ash contains about 30 trace elements (which is good), but it does not contain nitrogen - one of the main elements needed by plants. Nitrogen plays a fundamental role in the formation of plant roots and stem. Most of the nitrogen is spent on the formation of young shoots and leaves of plants. The lack of nitrogen in the above fertilizer is a significant disadvantage.

The technical result of the proposed invention is the creation of an organomineral fertilizer with a complex of microelements having optimal proportions, with increased digestibility compared to the prototype with such an ingredient as nitrogen.

The stated technical result is achieved by the fact that to obtain an organomineral fertilizer, the components of which are dry ash and organic acid in the amount of mass. %: ash - 60-75, organic acid - the rest, the fertilizer components are pre-crushed and mixed, the crushed and mixed components are dissolved in the volume of ammonia water to pH = 6.5-7.5 with the quantitative composition of the dry mixture - 0.1-0 , 4 kg per 1 ha of arable land with a total weight of ammonia water in the range of 1-5 tons, with an ammonia content of 0.1-0.5% to water.

Organic acids are of two classes: carboxylic and sulfonic. In a particular fertilizer, both one acid and several can be used.

The implementation of the proposed technical solution is as follows:

When biofuels (plants, peat, manure, dung, wood, tree leaves, root crops, shrubs, etc.) are burned in any stoves, ash is formed. In this case, the organic component of biofuel burns out, leaving trace elements (ash), usually in the form of simple oxides. The combustion process destroys all microorganisms, pesticides and other harmful substances that may have been in the biofuel. Ash is an almost sterile product containing trace elements in optimal proportions, such as peat, manure, droppings, etc. are obtained from plants and, accordingly, have all the trace elements. Next, the resulting ash is mixed with one of the organic acids in the ratio of dry components, wt. %:

ash - 60-75;

organic acid - the rest.

An organic acid can consist of two or more organic acids from both the carboxylic and sulfonic series.

The resulting fertilizer can be supplemented with at least an additional trace element that is not available in the soil. For example, to grow apple trees, additional iron content in the soil is required.

In this case, salts of organic acids are obtained, which are easily assimilated by plants. Before using the mixture, it is crushed and mixed. The crushed and mixed components are dissolved in the volume of water to pH = 6.5-7.5, i.e. neutral acidity with the quantitative composition of the dry mixture - 0.1-0.4 kg per 1 ha of arable land with a total weight of water in the range of 1-5 tons, crushed and mixed components are dissolved in the volume of ammonia water to pH = 6.5-7, 5 with the quantitative composition of the dry mix - 0.1-0.4 kg per 1 ha of arable land with an ammonia content of 0.1-0.5% in water. It should also be noted that nitrogen from ammonia water is absorbed by plants almost completely by 90-98%. In addition, ammonia water is much cheaper than other nitrogen fertilizers.

The ability to dissolve the mixture at the place of its introduction into the soil significantly reduces the cost of transporting fertilizer. In this case, the resulting mixture is diluted with ammonia water immediately before use.

The proposed fertilizer can also be used in pre-sowing seed treatment.

The proposed fertilizer has a stimulating effect: it provides an accelerated effect on the growth of cultivated crops. The effect of application is visible on the second to fifth day.

Examples # 1.

The tests were carried out with the following ratios of components, wt. %:

ash - 70;

organic acid - the rest.

pH = 7.2

Ammonia water weight 5 tons.

Ammonia content - 0.3% to the weight ratio of water.

As a result, an increase in yield was obtained in comparison with the control plots, within 30-40%, for different crops.

Examples # 2.

The tests were carried out in the specified range with an ammonia content: 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4 0.5% to water. At the same time, the yield results differed from each other within 5-10%.

Other elements can be added to the proposed fertilizer, since each plant contains certain microelements, and for its full development, these elements are needed in an assimilable form. For example, add powder of iron, magnesium, etc. to the organic acid solution.

The creation of an organomineral fertilizer with a complex of microelements having optimal proportions, with increased digestibility in comparison with the prototype with such an ingredient as nitrogen, is the advantage and advantage of the proposed technical solution in comparison with the prototype.

Claims (2)

1. A method of obtaining an organomineral fertilizer, the components of which are dry ash and organic acid, which are pre-ground and mixed, characterized in that the components are added in an amount, wt. %, ash - 60-75, organic acid of the carboxylic and / or sulfonic series - the rest, and the crushed and mixed components are dissolved in the volume of ammonia water to pH = 6.5-7.5 with the quantitative composition of the dry mixture - 0.1-0 , 4 kg per 1 ha of arable land with a total weight of ammonia water in the range of 1-5 tons, with an ammonia content of 0.1-0.5% to water. 2. A method for producing an organomineral fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that additional microelements necessary for growing a particular plant are introduced into the fertilizer.