RU2776164C1 - Machine for planting root crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural engineering and can be used for oriented planting of beet grafters to produce seeds. The invention is a machine for planting root crops, which includes a frame resting on the front pneumatic and rear support-rolling wheels, a hopper mounted on the frame with an inclined bottom, along the front wall of which the feeding scraper conveyors installed at an angle to the horizontal pass. Below the tailings of the conveyors, rotary orienting devices are installed, which are located above the sowing devices with sealing organs. At the same time, the coefficient λ=V_t /V_p of the ratio of the linear velocities of the feeding scraper conveyors (V_t) to the circumferential velocities (V_p) of the blades of the rotary orienting devices is equal to one, and the step between the scrapers of the feeding scraper conveyors S_tr is determined from the inequality

where D_max is the maximum diameter of the root crops; d_r.b. is the diameter of the rotary orienting device along the blades; α is the angle between the blades of the orienting device.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to improve the quality of mechanized oriented planting of beet grafters, regardless of their size and taper.

1 cl, 3 dwg

d_{р. л} - d_r.b

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for orienting conical root crops.

Known devices for orienting conical objects (A.S. USSR No. 244162, B.I.. No. 7, 1969; A.S. USSR No. 361934, B.I. No. 2, 1973; A.S. USSR No. 475973, B.I. No. 25, 1969), etc. These devices are simple in design, but orient only a small size range of conical root crops, have low productivity and insufficient orientation reliability.

A device is known for a planting machine for oriented planting of sugar beet mother liquors (RF patent No. 2299548, IPC A01C 11/02, Bull. No. 15 dated May 27, 2007) containing a receiver installed above the cylindrical part of the rollers, consisting of two parts, cylindrical and conical, which are installed on the frame and located in the conical part above the sowing unit containing catching trays with tongues protruding above the rollers. Disadvantages of the device: the roots are unevenly dispersed along the length of the rollers, as a result of which the orientation process acquires a random character, and there is also damage to the roots by the existing screw winding.

A roller conveying device for oriented planting of beet mother liquors is known (RF patent No. 2633543, IPC A01C 11/00, Bull. No. 29 dated 10/13/2017) containing a receiver installed above the cylindrical part of the rollers, which consist of two parts, a cylindrical part having a screw winding of elastic pile with variable pitch and smooth conical winding, under which there are catching trays fixed on the crankshafts of the planting machine. Disadvantage of the device: the roots are evenly dispersed along the length of the rollers and are fed into the planting cones only at a certain speed of the planting machine.

A roller transporting device for oriented planting of beet mother liquors is known (RF patent No. 2705317, IPC A01C 11/00, Bull. No. 21 dated 11/06/2019) containing a receiver installed above the cylindrical part of the rollers, which consist of two parts, a cylindrical part having a screw winding of elastic material with variable pitch and smooth conical winding, under which there are catching trays fixed on the crankshafts of the planting machine. Disadvantage of the device: the roots are evenly dispersed along the length of the rollers and are fed into the planting cones only at a certain speed of the planter.

A device for orienting root crops to a planting machine is known (RF Patent No. 2237397, MKI A01C 11/00, 11/02, Bull. No. 28 dated 10.10.2004), containing an endless traction element with grippers moving in a V-shaped chute, open from above and from below, having a horizontal orienting section of a rectilinear shape. The endless traction element is installed on the side of the V-shaped chute and is located parallel to one of the sidewalls of the V-shaped chute. The angle between the sides of the V-shaped chute is less than the minimum value of the taper angle of the root tail. Root crops are fed into the orienting device one by one from above, until they come into contact with the orienting surfaces of the V-shaped chute. The linear speed acquired by the center of mass of the root crop is converted into the angular speed of the turn. The root crop hangs at the level of the plane of maximum diameter with support at two points, which is an imaginary axis of rotation of the root crop during its turn, and is carried out to the planter by scrapers. If the root crop is fixed in the alignment of the orienting surfaces with the tail part up, then it is forcibly turned by the blades of the beater drum. The disadvantages of this device: a strict, rigidly fixed angle between the orienting surfaces of the V-shaped chute limits the size range of orientable roots and reduces the quality of orientation (due to the large variation in the taper angle of the tail of the roots); the orienting surfaces of the V-shaped chute are contaminated with soil residues during operation, which changes the angle between the orienting surfaces, their configuration and friction coefficient, the orientation process becomes random, the kinematic modes of root crops supply from the orienting device change, which leads to gaps in the operation of the planter and reduces the quality of orientation; the orientation mechanism is complex in design, has many kinematic gears, low productivity and requires constant monitoring of its work.

A known machine for planting root crops (AS USSR No. 1299536, MKI A01C 11/02, Bull. No. 12, 1987). The orienting device of the machine is made in the form of a curved scraper conveyor moving in a V-shaped chute. The root crops, which have taken the position with the tail part down, fall out of the grips on the curved section of the V-shaped chute, and the scraper leaves empty. The root crops, which have taken the position with the tail part up, are fed through the intermediate tray to the funnel of the distributing device, and then to the accumulator. The disadvantage of this device is the possible damage to the roots due to the increase in the number of stages of orientation of some roots due to their reset in case of incorrect orientation. The orientation mechanism is complex in design, metal- and energy-intensive.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a planter for planting root crops of a conical shape (Patent RU 2369074 C1 IPC A01C 11/00, Bull. No. 29 dated 10.10.2009), which includes a frame resting on the front pneumatic and rear support - rolling wheels; mounted on a frame, a hopper with an inclined bottom, under the front (frontal) wall of which passes a scraper conveyor installed at an angle to the horizontal. At the same time with each scraper of the conveyor, rectangular metal plates are installed, which are attached to the combined ears of the endless chains of the scraper conveyor and fit snugly to it, forming a "flooring". At the exit of the scraper conveyor, at an angle to the horizontal, equal to the angle of sliding friction of the root crops, a concave tray tapering towards the end is installed, above which a separating plate made of a flexible elastic material is installed in front of a pair of conical disks. A pair of conical disks is mounted on a common shaft and rotates in the direction of movement (descent) of root crops. Part of the concave tray enters the alignment of a pair of conical disks and follows their contour. Down from the common shaft of a pair of conical disks, at an angle to the horizontal by 5-10° more than the angle of sliding friction of root crops, a stop is installed, which is a flat rectangular plate, the upper part of which enters the alignment of a pair of conical disks and repeats their contour. Below, on the side of the outer side of the stop, a two-rotor bladed orienting device is installed, under which a concave receiving tray tapering towards the end is installed at an angle to the horizontal by 5-10° more than the angle of sliding friction of the root crops. In the opposite direction to the angle of inclination of the receiving tray, symmetrically below it, at an angle to the horizontal, equal to or 5-10 ° more than the angle of sliding friction of root crops, a storage-guiding chute is installed, accommodating the stock of root crops necessary for the smooth operation of the planting apparatus, at the exit of which a transfer funnel, consisting of two wings, one of which is fixed, and the second is hinged and held in the closed position by a spring. The movable flap of the transfer funnel is installed in such a way that in the closed position its upper edge is below the line of the bottom of the accumulation-guide chute, and when opened it rises above this line. The opening/closing of the movable flap of the transfer funnel occurs when the landing cone of the rotary landing apparatus approaches/descends from its lower part. In addition, the landing machine includes: harrows, gauge wheels, trail, marker and ripper. The disadvantage of this device is the possible damage to the root crops due to the increase in the number of stages of feeding the root crops from the hopper to the planting machine. The root orientation mechanism is complex and contains several kinematic mechanisms for orientation.

The present invention is aimed at eliminating the above disadvantages, improving reliability, improving the uniform supply of beet root crops to the planting machine, which increases productivity and reduces the cost of seed production.

The problem is solved by the fact that the coefficient λ=V _t /V _{r of} the ratio of the linear speeds of the feeding scraper conveyors (V _t ) to the circumferential speeds (V _r ) of the blades of the rotary orienting devices is equal to one, and the step between the scrapers of the feed scraper conveyors s _tr is determined from the inequality :

where D _max - maximum diameter of root crops;

d _r.l - the diameter of the rotary orienting device along the blades;

α is the angle between the blades of the orienting device.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a machine for planting root crops. In FIG. 2 shows a diagram of a rotary orienting device. In FIG. 3 shows the catch tray and its cross section.

The proposed machine for planting root crops (Fig. 1) includes a frame 1, based on the front pneumatic 2 and rear support wheels 3, mounted on the frame 1 bin 4 with an inclined bottom, along the front (front) wall of which are installed at an angle to the horizontal feeding scraper conveyors 5, while the coefficient λ=V _t /V _{p of} the ratio of the linear speeds of the feed scraper conveyors 5 (V _t ) to the circumferential speeds (V _p ) of the blades of the rotary orienting devices 6 is equal to one, and the step between the scrapers of the feed scraper conveyors transporters 5 s _tr is determined from the inequality:

where D _max - maximum diameter of root crops;

d _r.l - the diameter of the rotary orienting device along the blades;

α is the angle between the blades of the orienting device. Rotary orienting devices 6 (Fig. 2) installed below the gathering of the feeding scraper conveyors 5 are located above the landing apparatus 7 with catching trays 8 (Fig. 3) of the planting cones 9. In addition, the machine for planting root crops (Fig. 1) includes: copying wheels 10, rippers 11, harrows 12 and marker 13.

Machine for planting root crops works as follows.

When the machine is moving for planting root crops, the feeding scraper conveyors 5 select the root crops from the hopper 4 and feed them to the rotary orienting devices 6. Falling down from the feeding scraper conveyors 5, the roots are grasped by the blades of the rotary orienting devices 6 and oriented with their sharp end down, and the catching trays 8 planting cones 9, fixed on the crankshafts of the planting machines 7, individually grasp the root crops, which are planted in the soil by planting cones 9 with a sharp end down.

Thus, the machine for planting root crops provides piece by piece mechanized oriented planting of beet mother liquors, regardless of their size and taper.

Claims (5)

A machine for planting root crops, including a frame supported by pneumatic and support-pressing wheels, a hopper with feed conveyors, rotary orienting devices, planters with closing bodies, characterized in that the coefficient λ=V _t /V _{p of} the ratio of the linear speeds of the feed scraper conveyors (V _t ) to the circumferential speeds (V _r ) of the blades of the rotary orienting devices is equal to one and the step between the scrapers of the feed conveyors s _tr is determined from the inequality

where D _max - maximum diameter of root crops; d _r.l - the diameter of the rotary orienting device along the blades; α is the angle between the blades of the orienting device.

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