RU2765443C1 - Decorative coating imitating natural stone, and method for production thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of producing a decorative coating that imitates natural stone, used in interior and exterior finishing of buildings for industrial and civil purposes, in construction, architecture of small forms, design and decorative applied art. Method of producing decorative coating consists in mixing styrene-acrylic dispersion 10–23 wt. %, microcalcite with size of fractions from 1 to 100 micron 55–70 %, oil 2–5 wt. %, and water is the rest to homogeneous mass. It is divided into several parts, adding to each part colouring pigments in amount of 0–10 %, depending on type of imitated stone. Cylinder is formed from each coloured part, laid on each other, and rolled into a single cylinder, the obtained elongated cylinder is folded in half and rolled again, repeating the process many times. Then the initial mass is laid on a transparent film and rolled out with a roller into a flat image of a stone with thickness of 0.3–5 mm, and with its help is transferred to a primed surface, pressed to the surface by a tool, ground and polished.

EFFECT: invention increases degree of stretching of the obtained mass due to increased elasticity, eliminates adhesion of the mass to objects and human hands, as well as increases water retention.

4 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a decorative coating that imitates natural stone, such as marble, used in interior and exterior decoration of industrial and civil buildings, in construction, small-form architecture, design and decorative arts. More precisely, for the artistic and decorative finishing of various surfaces: walls, panels, fireplaces, columns, vases, the production of artistic mosaic panels, as the most technologically economical option in the manufacture of Florentine mosaics, replacing laborious water cutting.

Known iron or osselkovy marble and the method and technology of its production (Scagliola (Scagliola - Eng.), Its inventor is considered the master Guido Fassi (1584-1649) from the city of Carpi, Italy (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scagliola The production and use of osselkovy marble, the process is laborious, requires a greater consumption of material, because it involves a significant layer thickness, and as a result, a small area of the decorative spot made.

There are known methods for forming horizontal bulk surfaces that imitate complex decorative patterns made of acrylic and epoxy resin, for example, Fluid Art and Resin Art, the disadvantage of which is to reproduce only on horizontal, small surfaces, and the unpredictability of the spreading final result of the pattern. .

A known method of obtaining a decorative coating that imitates natural stone [Patent RU No. 2459712, IPC B44F 9/04, publ. 27.08.2012]. The pattern under the stone is formed by dipping the product into a container containing oil paint mixed on the surface of the water; before adding it to the water, the paint is preliminarily diluted with turpentine and linseed oil. This method has a number of disadvantages: a thin film layer, which subsequently requires a protective layer from mechanical stress; the limited size of the dipped product and the uncontrollability of the pattern.

A known method of obtaining a decorative coating [Patent RU No. 2090270, IPC B05D 1/38, B05D 5/06, publ. 09/20/1997]. The method includes sequential multi-layer application of transparent pigmented paints and varnishes containing coloring pigments of various colors to the surface to be treated. However, this method is laborious, creates a kind of imitation of natural stone, far from natural, and does not allow you to edit the lower layers.

Known composition of the marble composition for finishing works and method of obtaining it [Patent RU No. 2219140, IPC C04B 26/06, publ. 20.12.2003], taken as a prototype, based on mineral fillers, a polymer binder, a plasticizer, a preservative, an anticoagulant for aqueous dispersions and a fixative, etc. To obtain the composition, a mixture of liquid components is first prepared: MDP-50 dispersions - 9 wt.%, A6000 dispersions - 3 wt.%, preservative - 0.1 wt. %. Mineral fillers are added to the resulting mixture, stirring, in the following sequence: marble chips - 18 wt.%, sand - 17 wt.%, marble flour - 32 wt.%, dolomite flour - 3 wt.%. After that, a plasticizer is introduced - methylcellulose 0.4 wt.%. After mixing, pigment is added - titanium white - 2.5 wt.%, a solution of 25% ammonia - 0.006 wt.% and water is added to 0.2 wt.%. The entire composition is finally mixed for 10 minutes until the mixture is completely homogeneous.

The described composition has low water-retaining properties, low uncontrollable decorative properties of the mixture and a significant laboriousness of application to the surface.

The objective of the invention is to create an efficient and cost-effective single-layer coating technology with improved operational and artistic and decorative characteristics, while achieving an almost complete and as close as possible imitation to the pattern of natural marble-granite, increasing its aesthetic and decorative expressiveness while reducing the consumption of materials used.

The technical result is to increase the degree of stretching of the resulting mass by increasing elasticity, the absence of mass sticking to objects and human hands, and increasing water retention.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the plastic binder 10-40%, filler 55-90%, oil 0.5-5% are mixed, if necessary, water is mixed until a homogeneous mass is obtained. Divide the resulting mixture into the required number of parts (depending on the desired color combination), add the necessary dye 0.1-10% to each part. Then the color layers of the stone are formed by arranging the parts relative to each other, for example, they are laid parallel to each other or on top of each other or intertwined and rolled out with a tool. Any tool used to apply the mass to the surface can be used, for example, a roller or trowel. The mass is rolled out to a thickness of 0.3 - 5 mm, then transferred to the prepared surface and rolled, pressed and rubbed against the prepared surface with a tool (roller, trowel, etc.). If necessary, the finished coating is polished. This is used when creating, for example, a glossy surface when imitating marble, onyx, etc. surfaces.

If the image turns out to be large in size, which cannot be transported by hand and not spoil it, then the mass is rolled out on a film before being transferred to the surface and transformed with the help of a film onto the surface. At the same time, the composition of the mass does not stick to either the film or the hands and is not damaged is transferred to the surface.

A relief pattern can be applied to the finished image using a stamp in the form of imitation of cracks, chips, inclusions of foreign substances such as gold, silver, etc., which, if necessary, are filled with a different tone-color, forming a pattern or unevenness such as a bas-relief.

Also, a reinforcing microfiber can be additionally added to the finished mixture to obtain additional strength, for example, when the surface has a complex relief, bends or corners.

The possibility of creating from a mixture of elastic, stretchable and easily cut stone veneer at the initial stage of formation made it possible to solve the problem and greatly simplify the manufacture of stone inlaid compositions and panels, according to the principle and analogy with the Florentine mosaic, which is very laborious, created from hard brittle stone.

A complex pattern is formed largely individually, with mixing and flow of colored layers, similar to natural algorithms, such as flowing lava of igneous rocks, during the formation of granite-quartzites or molten multi-colored glass.

Styrene acrylate dispersion or other similar plastic resins and binders can be used as a binder. As a filler, organic marble flour (calcium carbonate) or materials from the range: gypsum, chalk, talc, magnesite, dolomite and other materials can be used. As an oil, it is preferable to use fast polymerizing oils with an iodine value of at least 160. The use of any type of component listed above gives the claimed technical result.

If necessary, additional components can be used: water-retaining additives, plasticizers, antiseptics, reinforcing microfibers (for example, vegetable cellulose), additives for creating cracks, and others that allow obtaining additional properties and decorative effects.

If you do not add oil at all or less than 0.5% of the total mass, then the mixture will stick to your hands, there will be no plasticity, sliding, stretching it, it will also dry out quickly and the time to work with it will be reduced. When adding more than 5% oil, the mass will lose its elasticity properties, it will spread, harden poorly, may slide off the prepared surface, and as a result, it is difficult or even impossible to work with such a mixture. The same applies to the ratio of the remaining components, if you use a plastic binder less than 10% or more than 40%, a filler less than 55% or more than 90%, then plasticity, sliding, stretching will not allow you to achieve the desired result. Water is added, if necessary, when it is not enough in the original components. The dye is used depending on the specified color, but its percentage should not go beyond 0.1-10%, since in this case the balance of the ratio of the remaining components will be disturbed. These limits were obtained empirically, conducted by the applicant.

The invention is illustrated with photographs.

On FIG. 1 shows the result of obtaining a decorative coating imitating granite.

On FIG. 2 shows the result of obtaining a decorative coating imitating onyx

On FIG. 3 shows the result of obtaining a decorative coating that imitates marble on the wall.

On FIG. 4 - an episode of the formation of a decorative coating on the prepared surface.

On FIG. 5 is an illustration of the use of a frayed elastic stamp.

On FIG. 6 shows the result of obtaining decorative granite with cracks and chips.

On FIG. 7, 8 shows a decorative coating of natural stone, where the relief was obtained using a stamp (part of the stamp is visible to the left of the panel).

On FIG. 9 shows a fragment of a large panel created according to the principle of the Florentine mosaic, and Fig. 10 fragment of its application.

On FIG. 11 shows a jug, on the surface of which a decorative coating imitating granite is applied.

On FIG. 12 shows a decorative coating imitating a stone on a rather complex bas-relief.

On FIG. 13 shows an episode of applying a reinforced decorative coating to a bas-relief.

Consider an example of the manufacture and application of a decorative coating that imitates natural stone - onyx.

The first step is the creation of a thick dough-like mixture based on a finely dispersed filler with a fine fraction from 1-100 microns, which makes it possible to maintain the plasticity and fluidity of the mixture. The proportion of resinous binders is high enough to create the viscosity and elasticity of the mixture. At this stage, a mixture is prepared from a plastic binder 25%, filler 69%, oil 2%, water 3%, mixed to make the mass homogeneous, while the dye pigments are not yet added.

The main necessary technological properties of the mixture are: plasticity, lack of sticking to hands and tools, creation of conditions for free kinematic sliding and stretching, good water-retaining properties, increased working time of the mixture, a sufficiently high dry residue, and further water resistance. These tasks are largely solved by introducing oil into the mixture in an amount of 0.5-5% and changing the ratio of the components of the mixture.

Next, the resulting white doughy mixture is divided into several parts, into which 1% pigment dyes are introduced (into all parts). Depending on what type of stone we are imitating (white onyx, green onyx, black onyx, fire onyx, etc.), the composition of the dyes introduced will be different.

Next, we lay parallel multi-colored elongated cylindrical parts-bookmarks, and on a flat surface we roll out a gradually lengthening cylinder along its lines. Next, we bend it in half, or cut it, lay the halves parallel and roll it out again to a cylinder. We repeat this procedure several times until the desired number of lines and their thickness in the batch-layout are reached.

The resulting cylindrical batch, or several batches, is rolled out and stretched with a roller or other tool on a transparent film lying on a flat surface into a flat image of a stone to a thickness that largely depends on the area of the surface to be covered and its complexity and relief. If the surface is small, a thickness of 0.3 mm will suffice. For large and complex surfaces, the thickness is increased to several mm.

The resulting flat image with a pattern is transferred by means of a film to the prepared primed wall surface. The transparency and water-repellent properties of the film allow additional control and influence on the resulting stone pattern even on the finished surface. Shift, offset and align the pattern, for example, with a trowel. The resulting stone coating, after hardening, is ground and polished by a mechanical or manual method, and if necessary, for example, for greater safety and aesthetics, coated with wax or varnish.

To obtain additional color lines on the surface of the stone or inclusions, the stone pattern is improved with a stamp, forcing a relief pattern into the mixture by printing, for example, with elastic polyurethane stamps with a Shore hardness of 40-90 units. Further, the recesses are filled with a different tone-color and the surface is ground and polished.

The creation of artistic inlay, for example, according to the principle of the Florentine mosaic is as follows. First, for the composition of the executed art panel, flat images of various stones, necessary in terms of pattern, color and tone, are rolled out and created in the form of a soft and elastic veneer-lamella of the required thickness of 0.3-5 mm, for the subsequent manufacture of inlay according to the principle of Florentine mosaic, but easily forming, stretching and cutting in the initial stage of formation. This allows you to quickly stack, cut fragments, and even create the desired direction of stone lines and layers according to the artistic image and intent.

If necessary, a reinforcing microfiber in the amount of 5-10%, for example, vegetable cellulose, is additionally introduced into the mixture, and the percentage of the binder is increased to improve the strength and elasticity of the stone coating, which allows it to be transferred and laid without a film on the surface of a bas-relief or sculpture, preventing tears, and simplifies sticking to complex terrain.

The coating obtained by the proposed method and composition almost completely imitates the pattern and structure of natural stone, the method makes it possible to see the process of formation of a stone pattern and control it. The method is industrially feasible, has high manufacturability and makes it possible to obtain a high-quality coating, for example, with a marble dust composition of up to 90%, with improved physical and mechanical properties applicable in the interior and exterior. Allows coating to be produced using simple methods, without bulky and expensive equipment, and also simplifies and reduces the cost of its production process. The use of the claimed invention makes it possible to obtain and apply stone coatings on any complex surfaces: walls, ceilings, countertops, panels, columns and vases, as well as to make artistic compositions, mosaic panels and inlays from stone veneer.

Claims (6)

1. A method for producing a decorative coating imitating natural stone, which consists in using the following composition, wt.%: styrene acrylic dispersion 10-23 microcalcite fraction size from 1 to 100 µm 55-70 butter 2-5 water rest, moreover, the initial mixture, brought to a homogeneous mass, is divided into several parts, adding coloring pigments in the amount of 0-10% to each part, depending on the type of imitated stone, a cylinder is first formed from each colored part, stacking them on top of each other, and rolled out into a single cylinder, the resulting elongated cylinder is folded in half and rolled out again, repeating the process many times, subsequently the initial mass is placed on a transparent film and rolled out with a roller into a flat image of a stone 0.3-5 mm thick, and transferred with its help to a primed surface, pressed to the surface with a tool, grind and polish. 2. A method for obtaining a decorative coating according to claim 1, characterized in that relief patterns are additionally applied to the finished image and filled with a different tone-color, forming a pattern, or left without filling. 3. A method for obtaining a decorative coating according to claim 1, characterized in that flat images of stones are preliminarily formed, necessary for the tone, color and nature of the pattern for the subsequent production of artistic inlay according to the principle of the Florentine mosaic. 4. A method for producing a decorative coating according to claim 1, characterized in that reinforcing microfibers, such as vegetable cellulose fibers, are additionally added to the mixture.

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