RU2740810C1 - Spreader of mineral fertilizers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building, in particular, to machines for surface spreading of mineral fertilizers, as well as for other loose materials. Spreader consists of a frame on which a bin is mounted, a spreading disc with a shaft drive, a windproof device having a parabola shape in the horizontal plane, in focus of which there is an axis of the spreading disc and two hydraulic cylinders for folding the windproof device into the transport position. Bin bottom is a flat round plate having the possibility of rotation around its axis. On the plate there is a seeding window in the form of a semi-ring with width b = 0.015…0.03 m, radius R = 0.1…0.2 m. Making the seeding window in the form of a semi-ring allows feeding the fertilizer granules onto the spreading disc so that they are necessarily struck against the casing of the wind-proof device, as a result of which they are uniformly distributed along the width of the grip of the machine.EFFECT: possibility of rotation of the bottom of the spreader bin enables to change the area of fertilizer supply to the spreading disc and thus to control their supply through the seeding window in the form of a semi-ring depending on physical-mechanical and technological properties of the applied material (fertilizer).1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for surface spreading of mineral fertilizers, as well as other bulk materials.

Known disc fertilizer spreader with frame wind protection device, which is mounted on the top and side shields. On one of the side shields, rods are mounted with the possibility of rotation, provided with a locking mechanism for fixing them in a given position. One end of a rib made of flexible material is rigidly attached to each rod. The other end of the rib is connected to the second shield by an elastic element. (USSR author's certificate No. 475129. Bull. No. 24 of 30.06.75).

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of the design and the laboriousness of performing adjustment operations depending on changes in the operating conditions of the spreaders.

Known fertilizer spreader with a windbreak device, including a casing with holes, consisting of upper and side surfaces, on its outer surface there are strips, and in the holes of the casing two-arm levers are mounted, on the inner arms of which corrugated plates are fixed, and the outer arms of the levers are made with clamps, interacting with the casing strips. (USSR author's certificate No. 971143. Bull. No. 41 of 07.11.82).

The disadvantage of this invention is that the wind protection device, made in the form of a horizontal shield with walls fixed on it, forming a casing, does not provide uniform distribution of fertilizers over the width of the spreader, since the density of fertilizer distribution is overestimated near the axis of the unit passage, and at the edges of the working width - underestimated. As a result, the uneven distribution of fertilizers exceeds the value allowed by agrotechnical requirements.

Known centrifugal spreader of mineral fertilizers with a wind protection device, including a horizontal shield with front and rear walls attached to it, forming a casing. On the rear wall of the casing, offset from the longitudinal axis of the spreader, a telescopic rod with a hinge is mounted, to which the brackets are attached. The latter are equipped with reflective plates (screens) with a gap between them. The baffle plates of one bracket are positioned at a predetermined angle to the plates of the other bracket. The position and dimensions of the plates are chosen so that they completely block the flow of fertilizers coming down from the disc in height. (USSR author's certificate No. 408621. Bull. No. 48 from 17.07.74).

The disadvantage of this invention is the lack of uniformity in the distribution of fertilizers over the surface of the field due to the reflective plates located in close proximity to the spreading disc, since, behind these plates, zones are formed that are not covered with fertilizers. Also, the disadvantage is the need for additional adjustment of the reflective plates, depending on the type and dose of fertilization.

The prototype is a disc spreader of mineral fertilizers, consisting of a frame on which a hopper is mounted, a spreading disc with a drive, a wind deflector and two hydraulic cylinders for folding the walls of the casing of the wind deflector into the transport position. The windbreak, which includes a horizontal shield with the rear and side walls fixed on it, has a parabola shape in the horizontal plane. Moreover, the focus of the parabola is located on the axis of the spreading disc, and its focal chord is equal to the width of the spreader. The combination of working bodies of this design allows to ensure uniform distribution of fertilizers over the working width of the machine due to the reflection of particles from the surface of the casing of the wind protection device strictly in the direction of the translational movement of the machine (property of a parabola). (RF patent 179534, bull. No. 14 dated 05/17/2018).

The disadvantage of the prototype is that the fertilizer from the hopper is supplied to the central part of the disk and, therefore, evenly fly out along its perimeter. This leads to the fact that some of the fertilizers do not hit the casing of the wind protection device and are distributed randomly over the surface of the field, which reduces the uniformity of their distribution over the working width of the machine.

The technical objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of mineral fertilizers application by increasing the uniformity of their distribution over the working width of the machine (tractor unit).

The technical result consists in the fact that the bottom of the bunker of the mineral fertilizer spreader is a flat round plate that can rotate around its axis. On a flat round plate there is a seeding window in the form of a half-ring with a width of b = 0.015 ... 0.03 m, a radius of R = 0.1 ... 0.2 m. The seeding window in the form of a half-ring allows feeding fertilizer granules onto the spreading disc so that they are obligatory hit against the wind deflector cover, as a result of which they are evenly distributed over the working width of the machine. The ability to rotate the bottom of the hopper in the form of a flat round plate allows you to change the area of fertilizer supply to the spreading disc and thereby regulate their supply through the seeding window in the form of a half ring, depending on the physical, mechanical and technological properties of the material (fertilizers) used.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by the diagrams shown in Figures 1 (side view), 2 (top view), 3 (the bottom of the hopper in the form of a flat round plate).

The mineral fertilizer spreader consists of a frame 1, on which a bunker 2 is mounted, a spreading disc 3 driven by a shaft 4, a wind protection device 5, which has a parabolic shape in the horizontal plane, in the focus of which is the axis of the spreading disc and two hydraulic cylinders 6 (Fig. 2) for folding the wind deflector 5 into the transport position. The bottom of the hopper 2 is a flat circular plate 7 that can rotate around its axis. At the bottom of the hopper - a flat round plate, there is a seeding window in the form of a half-ring with a width of b = 0.015 ... 0.03 m, a radius of R = 0.1 ... 0.2 m (Fig. 3).

The principle of operation of a fertilizer spreader is as follows. Fertilizers flow down the walls of the hopper to the bottom, pass through the seeding window in the form of a half-ring and fall on the spreading disc, where, accelerating with the blades, they are distributed over the parabolic casing of the wind protection device and reflected from it in the direction of the corresponding movement of the unit. Thus, the disc spreader of mineral fertilizers provides a more even distribution of fertilizers over the surface of the field, regardless of the type of fertilizer and changes in the operating conditions of the spreader.

The use of the proposed invention improves the uniformity of the distribution of various mineral fertilizers over the surface of the field and increases the efficiency of this type of machine.

Claims (1)

A spreader of mineral fertilizers, consisting of a frame on which a hopper is mounted, a spreading disc with a drive, a wind deflector having a parabolic shape in the horizontal plane, in the focus of which is the axis of the spreading disc and two hydraulic cylinders for folding the walls of the casing of the wind deflector into a transport position, characterized by that the bottom of the hopper, which is a flat round plate, has the ability to rotate around its axis, and on the flat round plate there is a seeding window in the form of a half ring with a width of b = 0.015 ... 0.03 m, a radius of R = 0.1 ... 0.2 m ...

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