RU2639598C1 - Aerodynamic dryer of combined type - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating system.

SUBSTANCE: according to the invention, aerodynamic dryer of combined type contains the first conveyor to feed the first chopper, which is connected with the first cylinder with heated air feed tool in the first cylinder, output which through confuser or nozzle is connected with the first cyclone, the output of the first cyclone is connected with the second feed conveyor in the second chopper, which through confuser or nozzle is connected with the second cylinder with feed tool heated the air in the second cylinder, with the exit of the second cylinder via confuser or nozzle is connected with the second cyclone whose output is connected to the hammer rotary crusher, with hammer rotary crusher connected with pipe third cyclone.

EFFECT: possibility of obtaining a finished product with a low output humidity of the product.

4 cl, 7 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates .

The present invention relates to drying devices, in particular to aerodynamic dryers of a combined type, comprising a first conveyor for feeding raw materials to a first chopper, the output of which is connected to a first cylinder having means for supplying heated air to the first cylinder, the output of which through a confuser or nozzle is connected to the first cyclone, and can be used in the agricultural and medical industries.

The level of technology.

A combination type aerodynamic dryer is known from the prior art, comprising a first conveyor for supplying raw materials to the first chopper, the outlet of which is connected to the first cylinder having means for supplying heated air to the first cylinder, the outlet of which is connected through the confuser or nozzle to the first cyclone, see patent for Invention No. 2577670, published December 27, 2015.

This aerodynamic dryer is the closest in technical essence and the achieved technical result device and is selected as a prototype of the invention.

The disadvantage of this dryer is the inability to obtain a finished product with an output moisture content of the product below 8.5%.

That is, the problem is the restriction on the output humidity of the finished product.

Disclosure of the invention.

Based on this original observation, the present invention mainly aims to provide a combined-type aerodynamic dryer containing a first conveyor for feeding raw materials to a first chopper, the outlet of which is connected to a first cylinder having means for supplying heated air to the first cylinder, the outlet of which through a confuser or the nozzle is connected to the first cyclone, allowing at least to smooth out at least one of the above disadvantages, namely, to provide the possibility of obtaining a ready-made Ukta with output product moisture content below 8%, which is the technical problem.

To achieve this goal, the output of the first cyclone is connected to the second feed conveyor to the second chopper, the output of which is connected to a second cylinder having means for supplying heated air to the second cylinder, and the output from the second cylinder through the confuser or nozzle is connected to the second cyclone, the output of which is connected with a rotary hammer crusher, while the rotary hammer crusher is connected to the output third cyclone.

Thanks to such advantageous characteristics, it becomes possible to efficiently dry the product in two stages, namely: the first stage uses strong dynamics, the vortex method and the kinetic energy of the shock method (shaft-knife), the difference in pressure on the raw material (fast transition from high pressure to the low pressure area and back). In this case, the raw material quickly loses moisture in the range of 40-60% of the initial moisture. At the second stage, the installation device allows the use of vortex flows of lower dynamics (for example, you can use a less efficient air fan). Thus, the vortex effect on raw materials is significantly lower than in the first stage. As in the first stage, the kinetic energy of the shock method is working, but there is a more pronounced fluidized bed. As a result of the combined two stages, the output is raw materials of low humidity of 6-8-10%.

There is a variant of the invention in which each of the cylinders - the first and second - contains a plate located on a rotating shaft with knives fixed on it, some of which have blade twisting.

Due to this advantageous characteristic, it becomes possible to create additional lifting force, which does not allow the raw materials to settle and stick up the cylinder, that is, interfere with the rotation of the shaft and completely stop it.

There is also such an embodiment of the invention in which the means for supplying heated air to the first cylinder and the means for supplying heated air to the second cylinder are made in the form of a common heat generator with a fan.

Due to this advantageous characteristic, it becomes possible to simplify the design of the dryer due to the possibility of using a common source of hot air.

In addition, there is such an embodiment of the invention in which the first cylinder at the outlet contains a bifurcated adapter for connection with two cyclones - the first and fourth, the outputs of which are connected to the second conveyor.

Due to this advantageous characteristic, it becomes possible to increase the drying efficiency due to the ability to use two independent lines of movement of raw materials in parallel.

The set of essential features of the present invention is unknown from the prior art for devices of similar purpose, which allows us to conclude that the criterion of "novelty" for the invention is met, and since the problem that this invention solves could not be solved on existing installations, which shows the non-obviousness of this solution for a specialist in this field, which, in turn, indicates compliance with the criterion of "the presence of inventive step" for the invention.

A brief description of the drawings.

Other distinguishing features and advantages of this invention clearly follow from the description below for illustration and not being restrictive, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

- figure 1 depicts a General view of an aerodynamic dryer according to the invention,

- figure 2 depicts a General view of an aerodynamic dryer according to the invention,

- figure 3 depicts a top view of an aerodynamic dryer according to the invention,

- figure 4 depicts a General view of an aerodynamic dryer according to the invention,

- figure 5 depicts the location of the knives in the cylinders according to the invention,

- figure 6 depicts a diagram of knives in cylinders according to the invention,

- figure 7 depicts the steps of the aerodynamic dryer according to the invention.

Further, since the installation consists of two similar parts, when numbering the first digit of the position refers this position to the first or second part of the installation.

According to figures 1-4, the aerodynamic dryer of the combined type comprises a first conveyor 11 for supplying raw materials to the first chopper 12, the output of which is connected to the first cylinder 13 having means 14 for supplying heated air to the first cylinder 13, the output of which through the confuser or nozzle 131 is connected to the first cyclone 15.

The output of the first cyclone 15 is connected to the second feed conveyor 21 to the second chopper 22, the output of which is connected to a second cylinder 23 having means 24 for supplying heated air to the second cylinder 23. The output from the second cylinder 23 is connected to the second cyclone 25 through a confuser or nozzle 231 the output of which is connected to the hammer mill rotor 26, while the hammer mill rotor 26 is connected to the output third cyclone 27.

The means for supplying heated air to the first cylinder and the means for supplying heated air to the second cylinder can be made in the form of a common heat generator with a fan, as shown in figures 3 and 4, where it is indicated by 4.

The first cylinder 13 at the outlet may include a bifurcated adapter 132 for connection with two cyclones - the first 15 and fourth 16, the outputs of which are connected to the second conveyor 21. The second conveyor may have a feed line, which is shown at 20 in the figures.

Each of the cylinders — the first 13 and second 23 — contains a plate 31 located on a rotating shaft 32 with knives fixed to it, some of which have blade twisting.

In particular, the shaft 32 can be made with the upper 33, middle 34 and lower 35 knives fixed on it, while the lower 35 and upper 33 knives have blade rotation, and the middle knives 34 are made straight.

The lower 35 and upper 33 knives can have angles of blade rotation along the chord in the range of 40-50 ° in the root, 30-40 ° in the middle of the chord and 15-25 ° at the end. The middle knives 34 may have curved tips.

The paddle blades are shown as position 36 in figure 5.

The number of knives may vary depending on the raw material. The knives can be mounted four on a shaft in one row, and there may be, in general, another quantity. There may also be an option when they are installed double, as in figure 5 in the lower and middle row, to increase the lifting force.

The implementation of the invention.

Aerodynamic dryer combined type operates as follows. Here is the most comprehensive example of the invention. Keeping in mind that this example does not limit the application of the invention.

Stage A1. The feedstock is fed through a belt-scraper conveyor to the chopper.

Stage A2. A heat carrier flow is created by a medium or high pressure fan-smoke exhauster connected to a heat generator. The initial temperature T = 60-80 ° C. The amount of air as a coolant varies depending on the physical properties of the raw materials and has optimal values of 20-40 thousand cubic meters / hour

Stage A3. Such coolant is fed tangentially to the first cylinder. This creates a swirling vortex. When a high-pressure air stream is fed tangentially to its inner surface into a cylindrical pipe, it moves around the circumference and is pressed against the surface under the action of centrifugal forces. There are sufficiently large friction forces that inhibit the flow and heat it. Therefore, heat is generated on the walls of the chamber of the first cylinder and the air layer at the wall is heated. And in the center low pressure reigns because centrifugal forces draw air from the central zone.

Stage A4. The shaft located in the center of the first cylinder with the upper, middle and lower knives fixed on it is untwisted at a speed of 3000 rpm, which further reduces the pressure in the center of the first cylinder. The jet adheres to the rounded surface of the first cylinder. At the same time, a vacuum is created on it in the middle part, which carries the raw materials up to the area of the knife part. In this case, the side wall prevents the free flow of air from one side of the jet of air mixture, creating a vortex in the zone of low pressure.

Stage A5. The processed raw materials are pneumatically supplied from the grinder to the first cylinder.

Stage A6. The special design of the knives and the angle of sharpening, namely when the lower and upper knives have vane twist angles along the chord in the range of 40-50 ° at the root, 30-40 ° at the middle of the chord and 15-25 ° at the end, creates the necessary lifting force and the bevel of the flow from the center to the perimeter, where the so-called "cushion" is located from the coolant launched tangentially. The product enters the wall cushion at an angle. This increases the contact area with the coolant dozens of times. The heat-transfer pillow is twisted into a vortex.

The tips of the knives are bent or not depending on the physical properties of the product - density and humidity.

The product is located on the knives in the area between the area of low and high pressure. The mechanical effect also occurs - the kinetic energy of the product from the knives, which seriously reduces humidity. The product, when moving in a whirlwind, throws from the high pressure region to the low pressure region and vice versa. The effect of explosion and implosion is created. Also, the wall cushion prevents the product from sticking.

The air in the first cylinder moves in a circle, and this movement is uneven, because here the movement vector is constantly changing. Secondly, the air is sharply inhibited due to friction in the pipe. The combination of two uneven types of motion - rotational and decelerating - leads to a noticeable release of energy.

Stage A7. The lower, middle and upper rotor blades give lift to the product, which no longer work as a knife, but as a system for lifting and carrying raw materials into a cone located above the first cylinder.

Stage A8. Then, through the wrong cone, the processed raw material enters two cyclones - the second and fourth, where air is released.

Stage A9. Of these two cyclones, by means of a second screw conveyor, the dried raw material, which in the first part loses 50% of the initial moisture, is fed to the other second belt-scraper conveyor and fed to the second grinder.

Stage A10. Next, the processed feed is fed into the second part of the installation, in which the feed is first pneumatically thrown into the second cylinder, identical to the first. From the second cylinder, through a cone or nozzle, it is fed into a third cyclone connected to a hammer crusher (s). After the crusher (crushers) is fed into the output cyclone, and then the finished raw materials are fed to the packaging. The second part of the installation is a drying for the first part.

The sequence of steps is exemplary and allows you to rearrange, reduce, add or perform some operations at the same time without losing the ability to dry and crush the product.

Industrial applicability.

An aerodynamic dryer of a combined type can be carried out by a specialist in practice, and upon implementation they ensure the implementation of the declared purpose, which allows us to conclude that the criterion of "industrial applicability" for the invention is met.

In accordance with the proposed invention made a prototype of an aerodynamic dryer combined type.

A 30 kW smoke exhauster (26,000 cubic meters per hour) was used as a means of supplying heated air to the first cylinder, and a 15 kW smoke exhauster (14,900 cubic meters per hour) was used as a means of supplying heated air to the second cylinder.

Tests of a prototype aerodynamic dryer showed that it provides quick drying in the first part, unloading and finishing of moisture in an almost identical second part, less powerful in flows, but more powerful in the fluidized drying method. The drying time before the initial product was less than 30 seconds. Further, the product goes in a continuous and constant flow. Quick drying in the first part, unloading and finishing moisture in an almost identical second part, less powerful in flows, but more powerful in the fluidized drying method. All this reduced the moisture content of the final product to 6-8%, depending on the initial humidity and temperature conditions.

Moreover, according to the composition of the product: the loss of nutrients was 5-10% - with different drying conditions, which is comparable to sublimation.

The drying temperature for protein raw materials is below 40 ° C.

Thus, in this invention the goal is achieved - the ability to obtain the finished product with an output moisture content of the product below 8.5%.

The following is a test table for various materials.

Indicator Carrot powder Beetroot powder Appearance Dry, loose powder, uniform throughout the mass, without lumps Dry, loose powder, uniform throughout the mass, without lumps Color Yellow with single point inclusions of orange, white, brown Beetroot, Burgundy Taste and smell The pronounced smell of β-carotene. Taste: the first sensation is a pleasant, sweet carrot taste; aftertaste is a slight bitterness. Pronounced beetroot odor. Taste: the first sensation is a pleasant, sweet beetroot taste; aftertaste is a slight bitterness. Moisture contents 8.29 8.17 Β-carotene content 28.7% of the original content  -

An additional useful technical result of the claimed invention is that it allowed to create a continuous drying process (drying-drying)

The combined-type aerodynamic dryer can be used to dry vegetables of fruits, greens, mushrooms, as well as to dry and grind beer pellets, husks, straw, green mass, sawdust, bark, leaves, coniferous branches, reeds, turning the feedstock into a dried powder suitable for packing, granulation and extrusion.

The main advantage of this technology is that the dehydration of plant materials and its grinding into powder occurs with the complete preservation of the cell structure - a genetically complete life cell, which allows not only to fully preserve the bioenergy of the feedstock, all vitamins, macro - and microelements, organic acids and others nutrients contained in the feedstock, but also tens of times increase the total energy charge of the product, and this gives a double positive effect on the human body skill. The enormous advantage of raw materials processed in this way is that over time it does not lose its original properties, while vegetables and fruits preserved even in the most comfortable conditions by the middle of winter already more than half lose their positive properties. At the same time, the loss of nutrients is insignificant.

Claims (4)

1. An aerodynamic dryer of a combined type, comprising a first conveyor for feeding raw materials to a first chopper, the outlet of which is connected to a first cylinder having means for supplying heated air to the first cylinder, the outlet of which through a confuser or nozzle is connected to the first cyclone, characterized in that the output of the first the cyclone is connected to a second feed conveyor to the second chopper, the output of which is connected to a second cylinder having means for supplying heated air to the second cylinder, the output from the second cylinder ndra through converger or nozzle is connected to the second cyclone, whose output is connected to a rotary hammer crusher, hammer crusher with rotary outcoupling connected to the third cyclone. 2. The aerodynamic dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the cylinders - the first and second - contains a plate located on a rotating shaft with knives fixed to it, some of which have blade twisting. 3. The aerodynamic dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for supplying heated air to the first cylinder and means for supplying heated air to the second cylinder are made in the form of a common heat generator with a fan. 4. The aerodynamic dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the first cylinder at the outlet contains a bifurcated adapter for connection with two cyclones - the first and fourth, the outputs of which are connected to the second conveyor.

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