RU2629589C1 - Method of obtaining organic fertilisers from bird droppings and animal manure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of producing an organic fertiliser from bird droppings and animal manure immediately in the premise for keeping is in their treatment with the previously activated symbiotic microbiological complex "Baikal EM1" or its modifications. The preliminary activation is carried out due to preparing preparations based on water subjected to cavitation treatment of ultrasonic frequency. Moreover, the preliminary activation of the symbiotic microbiological complex "Baikal EM1" is carried out by means of adding the biostimulator "Biostim".

EFFECT: simplifying and accelerating the process of obtaining an organic fertiliser with high agronomic and biological properties.

5 cl, 9 tbl, 7 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for accelerated processing of poultry manure, pig manure and cattle manure into organic fertilizers.

A known method of processing manure (patent RU No. 2112764, IPC C05F 3/00, publ. 06/10/1998), according to which manure is processed by composting a mixture of manure and moisture-absorbing organic material in the fermenter. The method requires large expenditures and time for composting, in which there is a noticeable loss of nitrogen and phosphorus.

A known method of processing chicken droppings and manure of cattle, providing for their mixing with moisture-absorbing materials (patent RU No. 2197453, IPC C05F 11/08, publ. 01.27.2003). At the same time, a composting stimulator based on microorganisms in the form of a dry powder is used to accelerate composting. The method requires large expenditures and time for composting. With this technology, noticeable losses of nitrogen and phosphorus occur.

A known method of producing biocompost (patent RU No. 2374211, IPC C05F 3/00, published on November 27, 2009) on the basis of agricultural waste during aerobic-anaerobic fermentation, including the formation of a collar from predominantly litter bird droppings and manure of domestic animals, introducing a microbiological complex and other additives (Lactobacillus plantarum, 34, B 2118, Lactobacillus fermentum, 27, 2431, Lactococcus lactis, pcs. AMS, B 3123, Bacillus cytaseus, 21/2 / AS, B 4441, Bacillus cereus, RCTU BT-5, Bacillus subtillis, GL, B 8130, a filtrate of an aqueous suspension containing 20-30% of fresh manure of cattle or horses, trace element complex, alkali solution), moistening, biological heating and periodic mixing of the composted mass. The disadvantages of this method are the multicomponent used to accelerate the fermentation of the substrate, the high cost of burting and tedding, a long process, loss of nutrients.

A known method of microbiological processing of bedless and litter bird droppings (patent RU No. 2437864, IPC C05F 3/00, 11/08, publ. 12/27/2011), which includes phased (with an interval of 5 days) introduction of microbial cultures of Pseudomonas sp. 114 and Azotobacter chroococcum with mixing of the substrate in order to accelerate the bioconversion process while increasing the biological activity of the processed product and environmental safety. The disadvantages of this method are the multi-stage application of microbial cultures, the need for periodic mixing, with an interval of 5 days, requiring additional costs for the creation of sites, the purchase of special equipment, the costs of overburdening and mixing, the inability to process at low temperatures.

There is a method of processing poultry manure and pig manure into organic fertilizer (Patent RU No. 2409537, IPC C05F 3/00, publ. 01.20.2011), which provides for mixing poultry manure from the cage of poultry, poultry manure with bedding from poultry, pork manure and the microbiological preparation “Baikal-EM1”, and subsequent natural composting, ”the pre-litter with litter from the floor content of the bird is irrigated with a solution of the preparation“ Baikal-EM1 ”in water in a ratio of 1:10, and the litter from the cell contains I poultry and pig manure is sprayed undiluted preparation "Baikal-EM1". The resulting mixture is subjected to natural composting in the warm season for at least 30 days and for at least 60 days in the cold season. The disadvantages of the method are the duration of the composting process and the high consumption of the drug.

In the known method for the preparation of manure in a barn (Patent RU No. 2390516, IPC C05F 3/00, published May 27, 2010), before starting the animals, straw is added in a continuous layer with a thickness of 15-20 cm, adding it in layers after 2 -3 days. A working EM-solution is prepared, and a ready-made EM-preparation and beet molasses (molasses) are added to water with a temperature of 25-30 degrees. An EM preparation is preliminarily prepared from Baikal EM-1 concentrate, diluted with water and kept it for 5-7 days in a dark place. A working EM solution is prepared in a low concentration (approximately 1: 1000) and periodically introduced into the pit, given that manure is an exclusively breeding ground for the propagation of microorganisms. The disadvantage of this method: the duration of the process.

There is a method of disposing of fresh chicken manure, including its utilization in piles in open areas, processing with a biological product (Tamir, Kyusey), mixing with filler (peat, sawdust, etc.), mixing the piles 1 time per week and holding for within 1 month (Zvezdin V.V. Guselnikov P.N., Chugulaev F.K. Accelerated utilization of chicken manure and obtaining high-quality fertilizers based on it by biological treatment. Achievements of EM technology in Russia. M., EM-corporation, 2004 g.). The disadvantages of this technology are the long duration, high costs associated with the use of filler, drilling, periodic mixing of the shoulder, construction of a drilling site, environmental pollution by emissions of polluting substances from open areas, and the possibility of implementing the method only in the summer.

The closest (prototype) to the claimed method is a method for the disposal of fresh chicken manure according to patent RU No. 2343137, IPC C05F 3/00, publ. 01/10/2009, the Method includes processing fresh chicken manure with a biological product, which is used as a solution of a biological product "Baikal-EM1" in non-chlorinated water in a ratio of 1: 100. Disposal of fresh chicken droppings is carried out in the house on a conveyor belt, which is pre-treated with a biological product. Litter is kept on a conveyor belt for 3 days at a temperature of at least + 18 ° C, and then it is removed after preliminary processing with a biological product. The disadvantages of the method are the multi-stage processing process, the duration of the process and the insufficient degree of neutralization of the litter, the need for further prolonged aging in piles, the inability to use manure in pigsties for processing.

Environmental problems of poultry complexes, pig farms and livestock complexes, including unpleasant specific odors emitted by production buildings, litter and manure, are caused by processes that objectively occur during digestion of animal feed.

A widespread misconception is that the main danger of litter and manure is the release of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. But these substances determine only a small part of the environmental problems of the poultry farm and the pig complex.

When poultry, pigs and other animals are kept as a result of enzymatic cleavage of amino acids and destruction of undigested food residues, various organic substances of hazard class 1-3 are formed. They give unpleasant specific odors to litter, manure and ventilation emissions. These are substances such as uric and hypuric acids, urea, amido acids, protein substances, mercaptans, esters, carbonyl compounds, carboxylic acids, phenols, cresol, scatol, butyric acid and a number of other highly toxic chemical compounds.

The presence of unpleasant odors indicates the presence of chemical hazardous substances in the air - this is one of the criteria for the development of MPC for harmful substances. According to the rules, atmospheric air should not cause any unpleasant sensations for people.

These and other substances determine the high hazard class of litter and manure in relation to the environment (OPS), which is one of the reasons why fresh litter and manure cannot be transported to the fields as fertilizers.

At the same time, these same toxic organic substances determine the high toxicity of litter and manure in relation to soil biota and plants (phytotoxicity, soil “burning”). Removal of fresh litter and manure to the fields leads to the effect of a “lunar landscape”.

Therefore, the main condition for transferring litter and manure from the “waste” category to the “organic fertilizer” category is to reduce the hazard class for organic waste to 4-5th (clean soil category) and phytotoxicity class to 5-6th (category “ safe agrochemical. "

Instead of wastes of finished organic fertilizers with high agronomic and biological properties, the task is to obtain ready-mixed organic fertilizers from poultry complexes, pig farms and complexes, accelerating the process of obtaining fertilizers, reducing the cost of production due to the complete absence of additional construction, the purchase of special equipment, and the reduction of harmful substances and biological pollutants into the atmosphere.

The problem is solved by integrating the biofermentation process in the technology of keeping birds and animals.

The problem is solved by the method of producing organic fertilizer from bird droppings and animal manure directly in the premises by treating the litter / manure with the Baikal EM1 microbiological complex, in which according to the invention, the treatment is performed with the Baikal EM1 symbiotic microbiological complex or its modifications, and the latter is prepared on water subjected to cavitation treatment of ultrasonic frequency. In addition, the preliminary activation of the Baikal EM1 symbiotic microbiological complex is carried out by adding the Biostim biostimulator. In addition, an activated symbiotic microbiological complex is added to drinking water from birds and animals. When poultry and animals are kept on the litter, the litter is treated with the Baikal EM1 symbiotic microbiological complex after the litter is distributed on the floor before the birds and animals are populated and immediately after they are evicted before the litter is unloaded, and when the birds are without bedding, the litter is treated with the pre-activated symbiotic microbiological complex “Baikal” EM1 ”in the house on the conveyor belt at the time of loading the litter onto the inclined conveyor and / or into the vehicle. In addition, when animals are laid free, the manure is treated with the previously activated symbiotic microbiological complex “Baikal EM1” on the floor of the room until the manure is removed from the room.

The method of microbiological processing of litter and manure is carried out using the symbiotic microbiological complex "Baikal EM1" and its modifications. The common name for these drugs: a microbiological symbiotic complex based on the natural microbiological complex of the Buryat fermented milk drink Kurunga. You can use the following modifications: preparations "BaikalEMG1," Tamir "and" Urga ". The composition of the drug includes lactic acid, photosynthetic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, yeast fungi, enzymes, etc., which quickly and efficiently process organics, while secreting amino acids, vitamins , natural antibiotics and other physiologically active substances, which as a part of fertilizers have a positive effect on soil fertility, plant growth and development.

The Baikal-EM1 concentrate, a microbiological fertilizer, is supplied in a stabilized form in which microorganisms are at rest. Standard activation is done by adding natural carbohydrates to a stabilized preparation - for example, sugar syrup and fiber, such as wheat bran, stirring and holding at a temperature of 25-30 ° C for 7-10 days. In the claimed invention, in the preparation of an activated preparation, water, into which we add all the components, is first subjected to cavitation treatment of ultrasonic frequency. This treatment ensures that water and further all components that it contains acquire additional energy without destroying the structure. In our case, the multiplication of microorganisms is much more effective, their titer rises by an order of magnitude. And, most importantly, they retain their activity longer, do not stabilize (so to speak, “do not hibernate”). And when mixed with manure, litter they work from the first minutes, they seem to lack the incubation period inherent in conventional drugs. This makes it possible to process manure, litter at the place of their formation, year-round. There is no need to build additional containers or sites for aging, composting, mixing. The process takes place at all stages of litter handling: loading, transportation, unloading, distribution on the field, etc. Cavitation treatment of water is carried out using any known cavitator; treatment modes are selected for specific conditions, primarily from the volume of the fermenter.

In addition, during fermentation, a biostimulator based on the extract of medicinal herbs “Biostim” is added to the mixture (water, molasses, bran) in an amount of 0.1 g per 1000 l of the mixture. Microscopic additive - literally a few mg per 1 m ^{3 of the} mixture. This biostimulant, obtained from the manufacturer, is designed according to the manufacturer's description for crop production, gardening. In the claimed solution, this drug is used to stimulate the vital activity of microorganisms of Baikal.

The data table. 1 prove that the activation of the drug by cavitation and a biostimulant increases the overall concentration of beneficial microorganisms, which enhances the activity of the drug and its speed of action.

Moreover, the activated microbiological complex can be added to the drinking water of birds and animals.

When poultry and animals are kept on the litter, the litter is treated with the previously activated Baikal EM1 symbiotic microbiological complex after the litter is distributed on the floor before the birds and animals are populated and immediately after they are evicted before the litter is unloaded, when the bird litter is not litter, the litter is treated with a preactivated symbiotic microbiological complex Baikal EM1 "in the house on a conveyor belt at the time of litter overload on an inclined conveyor and (or) in a trans tailor, and manure is processed on the floor of the room until the manure is removed from the room.

Signs that distinguish the claimed invention from the prototype

- preliminary activation of the microbiological complex "Baikal EM1;

- water for the preparation of the drug is previously subjected to cavitation treatment of ultrasonic frequency.

- the drug is activated by adding a biostimulant

- the activated microbiological complex can be added to the drinking water of birds and animals.

- bedless litter is irrigated with an activated preparation at the time of its unloading from the transverse to the inclined conveyor;

- the litter by the Baikal EM1 complex is irrigated after the litter is distributed on the floor before the birds and animals are populated and immediately after they are evicted before unloading the litter,

- manure is treated on the floor of the room, in prefabricated canals or bathtubs in the room until the manure is removed from the room.

The processing of litter / manure in the premises for keeping poultry / animals is known from the prior art, for example, patents of the Russian Federation No. 2390516, 2409537. However, in the known methods, the Baikal EM1 complex is used immediately after dilution with fresh non-chlorinated water. We also propose to prepare the drug in water, previously subjected to cavitation treatment of ultrasonic frequency. The use of the Baikal EM1 complex as an additive in animal feed is also known, but it was carried out in order to increase the immunity of birds / animals, we also propose to process organic waste with a pre-activated microbiological complex, as well as add it to drinking water of birds / animals, this achieves a new effect - the content of the activated complex in food also allows you to change the properties of the resulting litter / manure, which serves to achieve the goal of embedding the design and processing of organic waste into fertilizer directly into the technological process of keeping animals, which allows you to get ready-made fertilizers directly at the exit of the house or farm and exclude the construction of reinforced concrete or paved areas for long exposure and tedding of manure or manure, which are expensive for construction and operation.

These effects are amplified many times due to the preliminary activation of the Baikal EM1 preparation, which is created on the basis of a stable natural symbiotic complex.

Below on the indicators of fresh litter shows the effectiveness of activated and non-activated (stabilized) drugs (see table. 2).

The microbiological EM preparation was created on the basis of a stable natural symbiotic complex and includes about 80 different types of microorganisms: lactic acid, propionic acid, photosynthetic, nitrogen-fixing and other bacteria, fungi, yeast and their vital products, which are vitamins, amino acids, natural antibiotics and others BAS. Microorganisms of the drug form a natural stable symbiotic complex. Once in the body of an animal or in manure, this microbiological complex forms a new macro-symbiotic self-regulating complex with them, which begins to exist according to the laws of symbiosis. This determines the high efficiency of the EM drug, and this is its fundamental difference from conventional, even complex drugs.

The EM preparation is harmless to humans, animals and birds, side effects and complications are excluded. Its safety for living organisms has been studied in a pharmaceutical safety study program. The preparation uses only natural microorganisms. It does not contain genetically modified microorganisms.

It does not require special safety measures to protect the respiratory system and skin.

This is a well-studied probiotic, enhances immunity, stimulates metabolism, improves oxygen supply to tissues, normalizes liver function, does not cause deviations in the generative function of animals and birds.

Has a certificate of state. registration as a microbiological preparation and certificate as a feed concentrate for animals and poultry.

The proposed method is simple, fast processing, low costs, allows you to get organic fertilizer with high agronomic properties without capital costs and improve the environmental situation both on production sites and in adjacent territories, regardless of the time of year, composting, composting areas are not necessary, tedding.

If using technologies of analogs and prototypes just processed litter or manure (neutralized, decontaminated) is obtained, then according to the proposed technology, immediately after processing from manure and litter, organic fertilizers are obtained that, in quality, meet all the requirements of GOST R 53117-2008 "Organic fertilizers based on waste animal husbandry "(including poultry farming). With the 3rd hazard class of the initial litter / manure (hazardous substances), the fertilizer becomes 4-5 hazard class (low hazard or completely safe substances). These fertilizers can be immediately applied and planted into the soil without prolonged exposure using standard equipment designed for this. If necessary, sales through retail chains fertilizers are dried and packaged for ease of use.

The proof of the above is provided by the following examples.

All the results presented in the description are obtained under industrial conditions at poultry farms and livestock complexes.

Example 1

Egg poultry farm, cell-free laying. Housing for 55 thousand laying hens. The unloaded litter is sprayed with an aqueous solution of the activated preparation at the rate of 1 liter of the preparation per 1 ton of litter on the conveyor belt before discharge onto the inclined conveyor, feeding the litter into the car body. Averaged samples for analysis and testing were taken from the car body immediately after loading without exposure. The control was an unprocessed litter from the same building. Indicators of physico-chemical and biological analysis are given in table 3. A sharp specific smell disappeared in the averaged processed sample. The smell of untreated litter remained unchanged. The hazard class of the litter after treatment decreased from 3rd to 4th (completely safe product). The phytotoxicity class decreased from 3-4th (dangerous) to 5-6 (safe).

Example 2

Egg poultry farm, cell-free laying. Housing for 25 thousand laying hens. The unloaded litter is sprayed with an aqueous solution of the activated preparation at the rate of 1 liter of the preparation per 1 ton of litter on the conveyor belt before discharge onto the inclined conveyor, feeding the litter into the car body. Averaged samples for analysis and testing were taken from the car body immediately after loading without exposure. The control was an unprocessed litter from the same building. Results and observations. Indicators of physico-chemical and biological analysis are given in table 4. A sharp specific odor disappeared in the average processed sample. The smell of untreated litter remained unchanged. The hazard class of the litter after treatment decreased from 3rd to 5th (completely safe product). The phytotoxicity class decreased from 3-4th (dangerous) to 5-6 (safe).

Example 3

Broiler poultry farm, cell free bedding. Case for 35 thousand broilers. The unloaded litter is sprayed with an aqueous solution of the activated preparation at the rate of 1 liter of the preparation per 1 ton of litter on the conveyor belt before discharge onto the inclined conveyor, feeding the litter into the car body. Averaged samples for analysis and testing were taken from the car body immediately after loading without exposure. The control was an unprocessed litter from the same building. Indicators of physico-chemical and biological analysis are given in table 5. A sharp specific smell disappeared in the averaged processed sample. The smell of untreated litter remained unchanged.

Example 4

Turkey poultry farm, floor keeping on bedding. Housing for rearing young animals up to 42 days, the number of birds is 14,000 heads. Litter before the colonization of chickens was sprayed with a solution of the activated drug. Periodically, once every 3-5 days, the drug was added to drinking water at the rate of 0.15 ml / kg of bird weight. After the birds were evicted to another building for growing, the litter was sprayed with a solution of the activated preparation before unloading. Averaged litter samples after unloading from the casing were taken for analysis without exposure. The control was litter from another similar building in which the drug was not used. Results and observations. Indicators of physico-chemical and biological analysis are shown in table 6. In the treated litter there was no sharp specific smell. The litter from the control building had a sharp specific smell

Example 5

Turkey poultry farm, floor keeping on bedding. Housing for growing turkeys from 42 to 145 days, the number of birds 7000 goals. Litter before the colonization of chickens was sprayed with a solution of the activated drug. Periodically, once every 3-5 days, the drug was added to drinking water at the rate of 0.15 ml / kg of bird weight. After eviction of the bird from the housing, after 98 days, the litter was sprayed with an activated preparation solution before unloading. Averaged litter samples after unloading from the casing were taken for analysis without exposure. The control was litter from another similar building in which the drug was not used. Results and observations. Indicators of physico-chemical and biological analysis are shown in table 7. In the treated litter there was no sharp specific smell. Litter from the control building had a sharp specific smell.

Example 6

The housing of the pig farm for fattening pigs. It is divided into 2 isolated rooms (control and experimental) with 1360 goals in each room.

In the experimental hall, the floor of the cells was sprayed daily with a solution of the activated drug at the rate of 10 ml of the drug per head. Also, periodically, once every 5-7 days, the activated drug was injected into drinking water at the rate of 10 ml / head. Observations were carried out for 2 months. Indicators of physico-chemical and biological analysis are shown in table 8.

In the experimental room, 2 weeks after the start of the use of the drug, the level of specific odors became noticeably lower than in the control room. It has been analytically shown that, on average, the ammonia content in the hall air has decreased by 54%. The total microbial pollution (TBC) of air in the experimental hall also decreased below the control average by 39%. The toxicity of manure in the experimental hall has decreased. The hazard class of manure from the experimental hall 4th, from the control 3rd.

Example 7

Farm for unmanned cows for 250 animals. Daily spraying of the floor of the room with an activated drug solution is performed at the rate of 50 ml of the drug per 1 head. Also, periodically, once every 10 days, the activated drug was injected into drinking water at the rate of 50 ml / head. Observations were carried out for 3 months. Results and observations (table 9)

In the room after the start of use of the drug, the level of specific odors significantly decreased. It has been analytically shown that, on average, the ammonia content in the room air has decreased by 42%. The total microbial pollution (TBC) of air in the air in the room of the experimental hall also decreased below the control average by 26%. The toxicity of manure decreased from the 4th before the use of the drug to the 5th 10 days after the start of the use of the drug.

The method involves processing into organic fertilizers of litter and manure directly at the place of their formation. Moreover, the processing is carried out by a pre-activated microbiological complex. Additionally, to enhance the effect, the activated microbiological complex can be added to the drinking water of birds and animals. The methods used in the invention allow to include the process of obtaining organic fertilizers in the technology of keeping poultry and animals and to abandon the labor-consuming and expensive long-term operations of digging and composting. As a result, in poultry farms, pig farms and other livestock farms, instead of wastes of the 3rd hazard class, organic fertilizers of the 4th to 5th hazard class are discharged from production facilities. Unpleasant specific odors are eliminated.

The fertilizers obtained by this technology in all respects comply with the requirements of GOST R 53117-2008 “Organic fertilizers based on livestock waste” (including poultry farming).

As a result of using the invention in poultry complexes, pig farms and cattle complexes instead of waste, ready-made organic fertilizers with high agronomic and biological properties are obtained, production is cheaper due to the complete absence of additional construction, the purchase of special equipment, emissions of harmful substances and biological pollutants into the atmosphere are reduced. The profitability of agricultural production is increasing. The high fermenting properties of the microbiological Em preparation and the used technological methods for its activation make it possible to incorporate deodorization and processing of manure into fertilizer directly into the technological process of keeping animals.

Claims (5)

1. Method for the production of organic fertilizer from poultry manure and animal manure directly in the premises by treating the litter / manure with the Baikal EM1 microbiological complex, characterized in that the treatment is performed with the Baikal EM1 symbiotic microbiological complex or its modifications, with preliminary activation carried out by preparing the complex on water subjected to cavitation treatment of ultrasonic frequency and / or by adding biostimuli Yatora Biostim. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the activated symbiotic microbiological complex is added to drinking water of birds and animals. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that when the poultry and animals are kept on the litter, the litter is treated with the previously activated Baikal EM1 symbiotic microbiological complex after the litter is distributed on the floor before the birds and animals are populated and immediately after they are evicted before unloading the litter. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that in the case of non-laying cell contents, the birds are treated with the previously activated Baikal EM1 symbiotic microbiological complex in the house on a conveyor belt at the time of loading the litter onto an inclined conveyor and / or into a vehicle. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that when the animals are laid free, the manure is treated with the previously activated symbiotic microbiological complex "Baikal EM1" on the floor of the room until the manure is removed from the room.