RU2626138C2 - Device for filleting fish - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: device includes a feeding conveyor, side conveyor belts, cutting elements mounted on both sides of the spinal bone of the fish carcass, a feeding gear support for the spinal bone of the fish carcass. The cutting elements are represented by closed belt knives, each belt knife being mounted on two pulleys and equipped with a drive. The width of the belt knife blade is oriented parallel to the direction of feeding the fish carcass, and the knife sharpening plane is oriented at an angle to the feeding direction and is located on the side of the knife blade, facing the spinal bone of the fish carcass. Each belt knife is provided with a spring-loaded tensioning roller interacting with the knife blade, providing a predetermined amount of elastic deformation to adjust the cutting line in the plane perpendicular to the feeding direction. The drive rollers for the side conveyor belts are made in the form of cones oriented with the base upwards. Additional driven cone rollers, made spring-loaded, are used. The device is provided with a support device for the fish carcass, the upper part of the housing of which is made with a longitudinal groove for the feeding gear support for the spinal bone of the fish. The gear support is made in the form of a closed flexible gear element mounted on two pulleys located in the housing of the support device for the fish carcass. Oppositely arranged vertical grooves for the belt knives are made on both sides of the longitudinal groove on the housing.

EFFECT: invention allows to reduce the meat loss of fillets, to improve the cut surface quality.

9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the fishing industry, and more particularly to the field of technological equipment for filleting fish, and may find application in coastal fish processing enterprises and fishing fleet vessels.

The production of fish fillet is the most economically feasible processing process in the fish processing industry. Firstly, filleting waste becomes an additional raw material for the production of minced fish. Secondly, at all stages of the refrigeration chain, significant savings are made in both energy costs and refrigeration capacities. Thirdly, the finished product of high nutritional value is delivered to the consumer.

Filleting of fish is an independent technological process in the initial processing of fish. The initial raw material is a gutted headless carcass without a tail fin. A common requirement for all filleting operations is the reduction of meat waste.

The main problems of implementing the technological process of filleting of fish are: reduction of meat losses during cutting of the spine bone and increase in the yield of fillets due to the fine tuning of the working bodies to an economical cut; reliable fixation and centering of the carcass during processing due to the use of guide elements; prevention of damage to muscle tissue fillets.

The most economical filleting regimen in the industry is the complete cutting of the spinal and spinal bones with the subsequent removal of costal bones from fillets using extractor machines. This allows you to save valuable fillet meat without damage.

A device for producing fish fillets (RU No. 1463119, IPC A22C 25/16, publ. 02.28.1989), including a transporting organ, paired circular knives for cutting the abdomen, paired circular knives for cutting the back, paired circular knives for separating the fillet from the spine in the tail zone, horizontal circular knives for cutting the abdomen and a stab knife to separate fillet strips, including bones. The device performs cutting of the back and abdominal part with circular knives on both sides of the spinal bone and abdominal bone to the spine. In addition, pulp incisions are successively performed and costal bones are cut. Scraper instruments cut the fillet at the sites of attachment of the lateral processes of the vertebrae to the spinal bone.

The disadvantages of this device include the large loss of valuable meat during filleting. Fish successively passes through several groups of cutting tools, which reduces the accuracy of processing, since when moving the carcass inevitably shifts from the axis of the transporting organ. In addition, a large number of cuts of the carcass is performed, which leads to a decrease in the yield of the finished product. Processing with circular knives and scraper tools does not provide a good quality of the cutting surface due to the large forces of resistance to cutting, which reduces the consumer quality of the fillet.

A known method and device for filleting fish (US No. 9125424, IPC A22C 25/16, publ. 08.09.2015). The device includes a pair of circular knives located at an angle to each other, as well as a conveyor for moving fish with a supporting device. Paired circular knives have the possibility of elastic deformation, and the degree of deformation is determined by the width of the spinal bone and spinal radius. In this case, the gap between the cutting edges of the knives self-adjusts depending on the width of the bones, since the flexible cutting edges of the knives are moved apart by the bones of the fish to the sides when the carcass passes through the cutting organ.

The disadvantage of this device should include the emergence of large forces of resistance to cutting on the side surfaces of circular knives, which negatively affects the quality of the cutting surface. The edges of circular knives are made elastic, however, the increase in the gap between them is significantly limited by the elasticity of the material from which the knives are made. This limits the size of the processed fish and reduces the versatility of the device in terms of the size range of raw materials.

The closest technical solution is a device for filleting fish (RU No. 1472026, IPC A22C 25/16, publ. 04/15/1989), containing a transporting body, including a feed conveyor and side conveyor belts, a cutting body, including cutting elements made in the form of driven into rotation of paired circular knives for cutting the back, paired circular knives for cutting the abdomen and paired circular knives for cutting the fillet, as well as a guiding body, including paired longitudinal guides, a drive gear disk and clamps.

The decisive disadvantage limiting the use of this device is the significant loss of valuable meat during filletting, as well as the low quality of the cut surface and the occurrence of mechanical damage to the fillet tissue. The carcass of the fish sequentially passes through several pairs of circular knives, while shifting relative to the axis of symmetry of the device. This leads to the fact that a lot of meat remains on the cut out non-food part of the fish. The distance between the paired circular knives is not adjustable, which also leads to either loss of meat or jamming of the carcass in the device. The use of disk knives as cutting tools leads to the appearance of large friction forces on the side surfaces of the knives and resistance to cutting, which negatively affects the quality of the cutting surface. In the device, the abdominal walls are straightened down and clamps are fixed on the slats, and the guides part the incised sections of the back to the sides. This leads to mechanical damage to the muscle tissue of the fillet in the places of attachment of the costal bones. The drive gear disc has a small area of contact with the spinal bone of the fish, which does not provide reliable fixation and centering of the carcass.

The invention solves the problem of reducing the loss of valuable fillet meat, improving the quality of the cut surface and maintaining the integrity of the muscle tissue of the fillet through the use of tape knives, providing a more economical cut, improving fixation and centering of the carcass when filleting.

To achieve the desired technical result in a device for filleting fish containing a conveyor belt, side conveyor belts, cutting elements mounted on both sides of the spinal bone of a fish carcass, and supplying a tooth support for the spinal bone of a fish carcass, it is proposed to use closed tape knives as cutting elements, each belt knife should be mounted on two pulleys and equipped with a drive. It is proposed that the width of the tape knife blade be oriented parallel to the feed direction of the fish carcass, and the knife sharpening plane - at an angle to the feed direction and positioned on the side of the knife blade facing the spinal bone of the fish carcass. In addition, each belt knife is proposed to be equipped with a spring-loaded tension roller interacting with the knife blade, providing a predetermined amount of elastic deformation to adjust the cut line in a plane perpendicular to the feed direction. Driving rollers for side conveyor belts are proposed to be made in the form of cones oriented with the base up, and, in addition, to use additional driven conical rollers made spring-loaded. The device is proposed to be equipped with a support device for carcasses of fish, the upper part of the body of which should be made with a longitudinal groove for the feed gear support for the spinal bone of the fish, which is proposed to be made in the form of a closed flexible gear element and mounted on two pulleys that are placed in the body of the support device for the carcass of fish . On both sides of the longitudinal groove on the body, it is proposed to make opposed vertical grooves for the tape knives.

In the proposed device, the cutting is carried out by a pair of tape knives having one-sided (asymmetric) sharpening of the blade, the width of the blade of the tape knife is oriented parallel to the feed direction of the fish carcass. The knife sharpening plane is oriented at an angle to the feed direction and is located on the side of the knife blade facing the spinal bone of the fish carcass. Several different forces act on the blade of a knife with one-sided sharpening when cutting. Forces directed along the cutting direction are tangent. Forces directed perpendicular to the cutting direction are normal. The elastic deformation force of the tape knife blade is normal, directed towards the spinal bone of the carcass and is adjusted using a spring-loaded tension roller. The resistance to cutting has a tangent component applied to the cutting edge of the knife opposite to the cutting direction, two normal components applied to the side surfaces of the blade, and also a component applied to the sharpening plane.

The resulting force, which is the vector sum of the resistance to cutting and the force of elastic deformation of the web, determines the position of the web of the tape knife relative to the spinal bone of the carcass. In this case, the normal component of the resulting force moves the blade of the knife relative to the spinal bone, and the tangent component is created by the transporting body when moving the carcass through the cutting organ. The gap between the tape knives is set deliberately smaller than the diameter of the spine of the processed fish.

When filleting fish, the following two cases of cutting with tape knives are possible.

1. Cutting muscle tissue of fish with tape knives.

2. The meeting of the cutting edges of tape knives with spinal bone and its cutting.

In the first case, the force of resistance to cutting is less than the force of elastic deformation of the canvas of the tape knife, which is due to the low density of muscle tissue. The normal components of the resistance to cutting are significantly less than the rest of its components. Since the surface of the sharpening faces the spinal bone, the total force of resistance to cutting is directed from the spinal bone opposite to the movement of the carcass. As a result of the addition of the resistance to cutting and the elastic deformation of the web exceeding it, the resulting force is directed towards the spinal bone, so the tape knife is shifted to the contact of its lateral surface with the spinal bone. When the side surfaces of the knives come into contact with the spinal bone, both resulting forces are mutually balanced, and the knives move relative to the spinal bone, touching its surface. Moreover, the meeting of the cutting edge of the knives with the surface of the spinal bone is impossible, due to the location of the sharpening planes.

In the second case, the force of resistance to cutting is greater than the force of elastic deformation of the canvas of the tape knife, since the density of the spinal bone is significantly higher than the density of muscle tissue. The normal components of the resistance to cutting are significantly less than the tangent component and the component applied to the sharpening plane. In this case, the total force of resistance to cutting is also directed from the spinal bone opposite to the movement of the carcass. However, as a result of the addition of the elastic deformation force of the web and the excess resistance to cutting, the resulting force is directed away from the spinal bone, so the band knives cut the spine bone and come to its surface on both sides, after which the cutting conditions are reduced to the first case.

Thus, after a short spine bone cutting, the band knives self-adjust and then cut along its surface, providing the most economical fish fillet.

The use of tape knives, the cutting edges of which are perpendicular to the direction of movement of the carcass of the fish, significantly reduces the normal components of the resistance to cutting and improves the quality of the cut surface. The simultaneous movement of the band knife blades along closed curves on the driven pulleys and the rectilinear movement of raw materials by the transporting body provide sliding cutting, which is most effective in terms of the quality of the cut surface. This allows you to increase the cutting speed, which improves the quality of the cutting surface, significantly reduces the specific load on the cutting tools, and also creates the conditions for continuous cleaning of the cutting edges with an increase in their utilization rate. Industrial studies show that the optimal thickness of the blade blade is in the range of 0.15-0.30 mm, and the width of the blade should be as small as possible to reduce lateral resistance to cutting.

The description of the invention is illustrated by the accompanying schemes, where:

FIG. 1 - the proposed device for filleting fish, General view on the left;

FIG. 2 - same, general view on the right;

FIG. 3 - same, side view on the left;

FIG. 4 is the same, side view on the right;

FIG. 5 - the same, rear view;

FIG. 6 is the same, view without side conveyor belts;

Fig.7 is the same view from the exit side of the fillet;

FIG. 8 is a diagram of a support device for a carcass of fish without a side of the hull;

FIG. 9 is a diagram of an arrangement of closed tape knives relative to the spinal bone of a fish carcass during cutting.

The following notation is used in the diagrams:

1 - support;

2 - supporting frame;

3 - feed conveyor;

4 - body support device for carcasses of fish;

5 and 6 - leading and driven pulleys of a closed flexible gear element of the support device for fish carcasses;

7 - electric drive motor of a closed flexible gear element supporting device for carcasses of fish;

8 - closed flexible gear element of the supporting device for carcasses of fish;

9 - a tooth of a closed flexible gear element of the supporting device for fish carcasses;

10, 11 - groove under the tape knife on the body of the support device for carcasses of fish;

12, 13 - cover support device for carcasses of fish;

14, 15, 16, 17 - electric motor;

18.19, 21.24 - a drive cone roller for side conveyor belts;

22, 23, 20, 25 - driven cone roller for side conveyor belts;

26, 27, 28, 29 — support of the driven cone roller for side conveyor belts;

30, 31, 32, 33 - spring;

34, 35 - side conveyor belt;

36, 37 - bracket;

38, 41 - the leading pulley of the tape knife;

39, 40 — driven belt knife pulley;

42, 43 - electric motor drive tape knife;

44, 45 - closed tape knife;

46, 47 - the plane of sharpening a tape knife;

48, 49 - spring-loaded tension roller;

50, 51 - bypass tray for fillet;

52 - a channel for removal of bone waste;

53 - fish carcass;

54 - spinal bone;

55 - spinal radius;

56 - a longitudinal groove on the body of the support device for carcasses of fish.

In the proposed technical solution, the tasks of reducing the loss of valuable fillet meat, improving the quality of the cutting surface and preserving the integrity of the muscle tissue of the fillet are solved by using a pair of tape knives mounted on pulleys and spring-loaded with persistent rollers as cutting elements. Cloths of tape knives have one-sided sharpening. The knives are installed so that the sharpening plane is located on the side of the knife blade facing the spinal bone of the fish. The force of elastic deformation of the knife blades is regulated by spring-loaded tension rollers. This allows the knives to self-adjust during the cutting process along the thickness of the spinal bone and perform sliding cutting on the surface of the spinal bone. Reducing the normal components of the resistance to cutting on the moving side surfaces of the tape knives allows you to increase the cutting speed, which significantly improves the quality of the cut surface. Cutting the carcass of fish into two fillets is carried out without spreading the peritoneum on stubborn planes and pressing them to the edges of the cutting elements (as happens in the closest analogue), which allows to preserve the integrity of the muscle tissue of the fillet and ensure high quality of the finished product. At the same time, tape knives completely separate the costal bones and the spinal bone, which subsequently allows you to remove the costal bones with an extractor while maintaining high quality fillet without losing valuable meat. The task of improving the fixation and centering of the fish is solved by using the support device for the fish carcass and its centering, in the cavity of which on two pulleys a closed flexible gear element of the support device for the fish carcass is installed. The teeth of a closed flexible element mesh with the spinal bone of the fish and do not allow it to move relative to the plane of movement. Improving the fixation and centering of the fish is achieved by means of spring-loaded conical rollers fixed for rotation and ensuring the conveyor belts fit to the carcass, and the used cone-shaped roller reinforces the pressure of the side conveyor belt on the top of the fish carcass, thereby providing better fixation of the fish carcass during the cutting operation.

In the proposed device for filleting fish on the supports 1, a support frame 2 is mounted, on which a feed conveyor 3 is fixed. On the support frame 2, a housing 4 of a support device for a fish carcass is fixed, in the cavity of which a leading 5 and a driven 6 pulleys are mounted. Inside the shaft of the driving pulley 5, an electric motor 7 of the drive of the driving pulley 5 is installed. The pulleys 5 and 6 interact with a closed flexible gear element 8, along the entire length of which teeth 9 are made to capture the spinal bone to ensure fixation along the entire length of the carcass during its movement. In the housing 4 of the support device, grooves 10, 11 and 56 are made, and the ends of the housing 4 of the support device are provided with covers 12 and 13. Electric motors 14, 15, 16, 17 are fixed to the support frame 2, which drive the drive conical rollers 18, 19, 20 , 21 with side conveyor belts 34, 35. To ensure a more snug fit of the side conveyor belts 34, 35 to the fish carcass, they interact with additional driven conical rollers 22, 23, 24, 25 mounted on supports 26, 27, 28, 29 on supporting frame 2 rotatably and spring loaded fixed mounted on supports 26, 27, 28, 29 by springs 30, 31, 32, 33.

Brackets 36 and 37 are attached to the supporting frame 2, on which pulleys 38, 39, 40, 41 are mounted. The electric motors 42 and 43 of the tape knife drives 44 and 45 are connected to the driving pulleys 38 and 41, respectively. Closed band knives 44 and 45 are installed on pulleys 38, 39, 40, 41, having one-sided sharpening planes 46 and 47, which face the spinal bone of the fish carcass. Closed tape knives 44 and 45 pass through the grooves 10 and 11 in the housing 4 of the support device for the carcasses of fish. On the brackets 36 and 37, spring-loaded tension rollers 48 and 49 are fixed, with which the canvases of the closed tape knives 44 and 45 interact with during operation. On the supporting frame 2, outlet trays 50 and 51 are fixed, between which a chute for removing bone waste 52 is fixed.

Description of the operation of the device for filleting fish.

The operator includes a device for filleting, after which they are set in motion: the feeding conveyor 3, the electric motor 7 of the drive of the closed flexible gear element 8 of the support device for fish carcasses, electric motors 14, 15, 16, 17, which drive the side conveyor belts 34 and 35, electric motors 42, 43 drive tape knife. The electric motor 7 drives the drive pulley 5, which, in turn, drives the closed flexible gear element 8 of the support device for the carcasses of fish and, accordingly, the driven pulley 6.

Electric motors 14, 15, 16, 17 rotate the drive cone rollers 18, 19, 20, 21, which move the side conveyor belts 34, 35. Electric motors 42, 43 rotate the drive pulleys 38, 41, which drive the closed tape knives 44, 45 and pulleys 39, 40 interacting with them. The gutted and headless fish carcass 53 is moved by a conveyor belt 3 to the body 4 of the support device for the fish carcass. The operator takes the carcass 53 of the fish and puts it open abdominal cavity down on the body 4 of the supporting device. The carcass 53 of the fish is supported by the spine 54 on the teeth 9 of the closed flexible element 8. The teeth 9 are engaged with the spinal bone 54 and capture it, as a result, the carcass 53 of the fish is moved by the closed flexible gear element 8 towards the band knives 44, 45. Thus provides fixation and centering of the carcass 53 of the fish on the housing 4 of the support device. Additionally, the carcass 53 of the fish is covered on both sides by side conveyor belts 34, 35, which help to maintain the desired position of the carcass 53 on the housing 4 of the support device, move the carcass 53 to the tape knives and hold it during the filleting operation. The lateral conveyor belts 34, 35 rotate around their axes the spring-loaded cone rollers 22, 23, 24, 25, which, due to the selected conical shape, provide a more snug fit of the conveyor belts 34, 35 to the upper part of the fish carcass 53, which helps to preserve predetermined initial position of the carcass and its centering.

The carcass 53 of the fish is brought to closed tape knives 44, 45, which cut into the spinal bone 54. When cutting fish, closed tape knives 44, 45 are self-adjusting and spread apart to the side until they begin to slide along the surface of the spine 54. When breeding closed the tape knives 44, 45 on both sides of the spine 54 of the knife blade biased spring tension rollers 48, 49 in the direction of the fish. After the end of the self-adjustment of the closed tape knives 44, 45, the movement of the spring-loaded tension rollers 48, 49 is stopped, and the closed tape knives 44, 45, while cutting, slide along the surface of the spine bone 54, which provides economical cutting, which reduces the loss of valuable fillet meat. The carcass 53 of the fish is stretched during the cutting operation with side conveyor belts 34, 35, which, thanks to the spring-loaded conical rollers 22, 23, 24, 25, enclose and center the fish, and also thanks to the closed flexible gear element 8, which moves the carcass 53 of the fish beyond the spinal bone 54, captured by the teeth 9. When cutting, closed tape knives 44, 45 are separated from the spinal bone 54 and dorsal radius bones 55 two fillets. After cutting the carcass 53, the fish fillets are removed to the sides and removed from the device using the bypass trays 50, 51. The non-food cut portion with the spine 54 and dorsal radius bones 55 is removed from the device through the bone waste chute 52.

Thus, when using the proposed device, in comparison with the device described in the closest analogue, a significant reduction in the loss of fillet meat is achieved by about 40%, and a noticeable improvement in the quality of the cut surface. The integrity of the fillet muscle tissue is maintained, which allows to ensure the high quality of the finished product, because the fixation of the carcass is improved, which is reliably centered when filleting. This allows for resource saving in production and reduce the number of defects.

Claims (1)

A device for filleting fish, comprising a feed conveyor, lateral conveyor belts, cutting elements mounted on both sides of the spinal bone of a fish carcass, a feeding gear support for the spinal bone of a fish carcass, characterized in that closed tape knives are used as cutting elements, each belt the knife is mounted on two pulleys and equipped with a drive, the width of the belt knife blade is oriented parallel to the feed direction of the fish carcass, and the knife sharpening plane is at an angle to the feed and laid on the side of the knife blade facing the spinal bone of the carcass of the fish, in addition, each belt knife is equipped with a spring-loaded tension roller interacting with the knife blade, providing a predetermined amount of elastic deformation to adjust the cut line in a plane perpendicular to the feed direction, drive rollers for the side conveyor tapes are made in the form of cones oriented with the base up, and, in addition, additional driven conical rollers made by spring loaded are used, the device is equipped with a support device for a carcass of fish, the upper part of the body of which is made with a longitudinal groove for a feed gear support for the spinal bone of the fish, made in the form of a closed flexible gear element mounted on two pulleys located in the housing of the support device for the carcass of fish, and on both sides of the longitudinal groove on the body is made opposite vertical grooves for tape knives.

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