RU2624960C1 - Method for pre-planting germination of potato tubers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves germinating the tubers 1 by the light method to obtain shoots 3-5 mm long for 15-20 days at the temperature of 12-15°C. After the light germination is complete, the surface of tubers 1 is covered with the peat-mineral mixture of the required thickness with the addition of hydrogel 5 granules. After drying the nutrient shell 4 at the temperature of 15-25°C, the tubers 1 are germinated to obtain shoots 3 20-25 long for 10-15 days. Inside the shell 4, a root system is formed.

EFFECT: invention will allow to shorten the ripening period of early potato varieties.

1 tbl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for germination of tubers of seed potatoes.

An effective method of obtaining an early harvest of potatoes, for sale at a higher price, is the germination of tubers before planting.

There are several methods of germination, which can conditionally be combined into three groups [1], p. 228-239.

The first group includes methods of germination in the light before peeling eyes and the formation of short shoots. Tubers are laid out in 2-3 layers in a bright room with a positive temperature (12-15 °) and incubated for 30-35 days. During this period, sprouts are formed on the tubers, which provides an earlier emergence of seedlings [2], p. 16-19.

The second group includes methods of germination in humid environments. For this, tubers are laid in layers in boxes or baskets, sprinkled with moderately moist sawdust or peat. Tubers sprouted in this way have not only sprouts, but also a root system, due to this the emergence of seedlings is observed on the fifth or seventh day after planting [2], p. 20-22.

In an independent group, we can distinguish a combined method of germination - in the light and in a humid environment [2], p. 23-24.

The disadvantages of the known methods of germination are the overgrowth of the sprouts and the strong entanglement of the roots, which, when planted, receive serious inevitable damage. All this inhibits the use of these methods for mechanized planting using potato planters.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed method relates to a method of preparing seed potato tubers, including the germination of tubers and applying to the surface of a clay layer mixed with sand and straw before planting [3], (prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is the formation of a very dense shell, poorly permeable to air and moisture, which has a negative effect on the further development of potato plants. Obtained by a known method, the clay-sand mixture contains an insufficient amount of nutrients. In addition, sprouting sprouts can be damaged when applied.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the duration of maturation of early potatoes after planting.

This goal is achieved by the fact that for planting use tubers sprouted in the nutrient shell.

In FIG. 1 shows the surface of a potato tuber with eyes in a sleeping state, where the following designations are accepted: 1 - tuber, 2 - eyes. In FIG. Figure 2 shows a tuber after preliminary germination in the light, where the number 3 denotes grown sprouts after germination in the light. In FIG. 3 tuber coated with a peat-mineral nutritional shell, where the number 4 shows the peat-mineral shell, and the number 5 shows the hydrogel granules. In FIG. Figure 4 shows the cross section of the sprouted tuber in the nutrient membrane, where the number 6 denotes the formed roots of the sprouts.

The essence of the method lies in the fact that the tubers of potato 1 (Fig. 1) from the storage place in the light. In this case, the eyes 2 are in a sleeping state. Potato tubers are germinated in the light for the necessary time to obtain sprouts 3 (Fig. 2) of a certain length, which should not exceed the thickness of the layer of enveloping tuber material. The next step is to cover (envelop) each tuber with a shell 4 (Fig. 3), consisting of nutrients (for example, peat-mineral mixture with the addition of hydrogel granules). After drying of the applied material, the tubers are exposed to light until the germs emerge above the surface of the shell 4 (Fig. 4). Roots 6 are formed inside the shell of the sprouts. The germinated tubers obtained in this way are ready for mechanized planting.

Implementation of the claimed method is as follows. Seed tubers 1 (Fig. 1), for example, weighing 40-60 g are germinated in the light to obtain sprouts 3 (Fig. 2) 3-5 mm in size for 15-20 days at a temperature of 12-15 ° C. After completion of the preliminary light germination, the surface of the tubers 1 (Fig. 3) is enveloped with a peat-nutritive nutrient mixture with the addition of hydrogel 5. The mixture consists of the following components, weight. %: peat low decomposition 65-70, peat high decomposition 27-30, nitrophos 3-5. All of these components are thoroughly mixed, adding hydrogel granules to them at the rate of 20-30 g. per 1 kg. To adhere the mixture, when applied, the tubers are moistened with an adhesive starch paste.

The thickness on the surface is maintained equal to 10-15 mm, that is, the layer thickness should completely cover the germinated sprouts 3 (Fig. 3). After drying the nutrient membrane at a temperature of 15-25 ° C, the tubers are germinated for 10-15 days. Under such conditions, sprouts on tubers continue to grow. At the end of germination, green sprouts 3 (Fig. 4) 20–25 mm long are formed, formed by the root system 6 inside the shell 4. The resulting sprouted tubers are planted with seedlings in the prepared soil, where hydrogel 5 absorbs moisture and softens the shell. Sprouts in such conditions do not oppress and quickly begin to develop in the soil against the background of the nutrients present in the shell.

Studies have shown that the proposed method of germination of seed tubers helps to accelerate the growth and development of plants, especially in the initial period of vegetation. According to the results of observations, the emergence of seedlings is significantly accelerated. It provides a commercial harvest 10-15 days earlier than when planting tubers sprouted under normal conditions.

The research results are given in table. 1 and indicate the high efficiency of the proposed method of germination of seed tubers. When cultivating potatoes using this technology in central Russia from the end of June, you can get a high yield of early potatoes.

Thus, the technical effect of the introduction of the proposed method is to reduce the ripening time of early potato varieties and increase economic efficiency by selling potatoes at a higher price.

Information sources

1. Potato of Russia / edited by A.V. Korshunova. - M., 2003, p. 228-239.

2. Kuznetsov A.I. Early potatoes in a busy couple. - M., 1961, p. 16 - p. 24.

3. Copyright certificate of the USSR No. 1796089, cl. А01С 1/06, 12/22/1989.

Claims (1)

A method of germinating seed tubers for growing early potatoes, including combined germination, characterized in that after completion of the preliminary stage of light germination before the appearance of sprouts of 3-5 mm in size for 15-20 days at a temperature of 12-15 ° C, the surface of the tubers is wrapped with a peat shell mixtures of the required thickness with the addition of hydrogel granules and after drying the shell continue the process of germination at a temperature of 15-25 ° C until germination above the surface of the shell for 10-15 days d.

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