RU2619756C1 - Method for pre-sowing treatment of seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method for pre-sowing treatment of seeds, in which the treated seeds are loaded into the mixing chamber located in the water tank under the influence of their own weight, treated with three hydrodynamic radiators and unloaded. Wherein the loading, the pre-sowing seed treatment and unloading are carried out simultaneously in an equal number of mixing chambers made in the form of nine cylindrical openings on a rotating drum located between two immovable discs with openings, each hydrodynamic radiator treating the seeds in one mixing chamber coaxial with it and the extraction of seeds after the treatment is carried out under the influence of its own weight.

EFFECT: invention allows to simplify the method of pre-sowing seed treatment and to increase its productivity.

2 ex, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and crop production - to physical methods of impact on seeds, and in particular to methods of presowing impact on seeds by shock pressure, and can be used for processing seeds of various crops, including and vegetable.

A known method of presowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops to synchronize cell divisions in the root meristem, including a single exposure to seeds by a shock wave in an aqueous medium at 2 ° C with the creation of pulses 155-554 N4s⋅m ^-2 followed by soaking the seeds in water at this temperature for 12 hours (Pat. RU 2180474, IPC A01C 1/00, A01H 1/06, 03/20/2002).

The disadvantage of this method is the need for prolonged soaking of seeds.

A known method of presowing treatment of buckwheat seeds, including a single exposure to seeds by a shock wave in an aqueous medium, in which the seeds are preliminarily placed in a perforated cylindrical container of a waterproof chemically inert material, which is immersed in a vessel with water at room temperature for 24 hours to swell the seeds, after which the perforated cylindrical container is transferred inside a steel cylindrical container filled with water with a detonating cord wound on the outer surface and secured they are coaxially inserted using a wire loop on a horizontal bar, then they explode, creating a shock wave in an aqueous medium with a pressure at the front of 40-45 kg⋅cm ^-2 , a perforated cylindrical container is removed and the seeds inside it are subjected to a subsequent temperature of + 4 ° C in a humid atmosphere for 6 hours, followed by drying to an air-dry state at room temperature (Pat. RU 2377753, IPC A01C 1/06, 01/10/2010).

The disadvantage of this method is its duration and complexity associated with a large number of operations.

A known method of presowing treatment of seeds of vegetable crops, comprising exposing the shells to a liquid medium containing a seed germination stimulator in the form of a heated brine of sulfate mineral bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ ⋅ 6H ₂ O, is subjected to hydraulic shocks by force pulses of 100-500 Ns for 3-5 minutes at a temperature of 50-65 ° C, after which the seeds are inlaid with paraffin heated at a temperature of 50-65 ° C from bischofite brine (Pat. RU 2236103, IPC A01C 1/00, 09/20/2004).

The disadvantage of this method is its complexity associated with the use of paraffin, and the need for strict adherence to temperature conditions.

The closest is the method of pre-sowing seed treatment in the mixing chamber, made in the form of a split sphere and equipped with at least three hydrodynamic emitters operating in the developed cavitation mode, a loading device, a receiving tank, while the loading device is equipped with a flow reflector installed inside the mixing chamber in the form of a half-toroid (Pat. RU 2013914, IPC А01С 1/00, 06/15/1994).

The reasons that impede the achievement of a given technical result include the insufficient productivity of the method and the need for manual discharge of seeds when the equipment is stopped.

The objective of the invention is to develop a technologically advanced method of presowing treatment of seeds.

The technical result of the invention is to simplify the method of pre-treatment of seeds and increase its productivity.

The technical result is achieved in the method of pre-sowing seed treatment, in which the treated seeds are loaded into the mixing chamber located in a container with water under the influence of their own weight, treated with at least three hydrodynamic emitters and unloaded, while loading, pre-sowing seed treatment and unloading are carried out simultaneously in an equal number of mixing chambers, made in the form of at least nine cylindrical holes on a rotating drum located between two epodvizhnymi disks with holes, with each emitter hydrodynamic processes the seeds in a mixing chamber located coaxially with it, and extraction of seeds after treatment is carried out under the action of its own weight.

The technological cycle of seed treatment by impact consists of three operations that are carried out in each cylindrical mixing chamber: loading of seeds, subsequent processing of them by impact and unloading of seeds from the mixing chamber after processing by impact. The sequence of these operations in cylindrical chambers is carried out when they move along a circular path when the drum rotates with mixing chambers installed on it. The loading and unloading of seeds from the cylindrical chambers is carried out under the action of gravity, since the mixing chambers are cylindrical holes in the rotating drum, the "input" and "output" of which periodically open during the rotation of the drum when combined with holes in the fixed disks, between which is located drum.

To perform the operations of the technological cycle, loading funnels and hydrodynamic emitters are installed alternately above the holes made on the fixed disk that covers the drum with mixing chambers from above, and at least three holes are made on the fixed disk located under the drum in series relative to the holes of the upper fixed disk.

In the process of rotation of the drum, when the mixing chambers are combined with the holes of the fixed disk that covers the drum from above, at least three loading funnels are installed above, the seeds are loaded into the cylindrical mixing chambers under the influence of their own weight. Further, the mixing chambers with loaded seeds move under the holes of the stationary disk, which covers the drum from above, at least three hydrodynamic emitters are installed above them, which, when aligned with the mixing chambers, create a directed impact on the seeds located under them, along at least three mixing chambers. After treatment with a hydrodynamic emitter, the mixing chambers move over the holes in the lower stationary disk. Under the influence of the own weight of the seeds, they are unloaded simultaneously from at least three mixing chambers. Seeds are lowered to the bottom of the water tank, which houses the drum with mixing chambers, feed hoppers and hydrodynamic emitters. As they accumulate, seeds can be removed from the tank without stopping the production cycle. Thus, the continuity of the process of pre-sowing seed treatment is ensured.

Moreover, each stage of the technological cycle, consisting of three operations (loading, impact, unloading), is simultaneously carried out for at least three mixing chambers, that is, all at least nine mixing chambers are constantly involved in the technological cycle of presowing seed treatment . Based on the number of operations of the technological cycle it is determined that the number of mixing chambers should always be a multiple of three. Moreover, the invention is operable even in the presence of three or six mixing chambers and, accordingly, one or two loading funnels and one or two hydrodynamic emitters. However, in this case, the performance of the method suffers, since the entire potentially working area of the drum is not used. With the stated ratio and number of mixing chambers, loading funnels and hydrodynamic emitters at the same time, it is possible to process a larger number of seeds. The claimed amount is the most optimal and effective based on the ratio of the number of mixing chambers to their size, but does not deny the possibility of increasing the number of mixing chambers, loading funnels and hydrodynamic emitters in compliance with their multiplicity and ratio.

Moreover, the claimed method of seed treatment is more technologically advanced and simpler to implement, as it is a continuous process that does not require stopping and disassembling the mixing chambers for unloading the treated seeds.

The performance of the proposed method of continuous pre-sowing treatment of seeds by impact per one revolution of the drum with mixing chambers is defined as

where G is the mass of seeds processed per revolution of the drum, kg / rev;

m is the mass of seeds loaded into one mixing chamber, kg;

Z is the number of mixing chambers;

n is the number of technological cycles carried out in each mixing chamber for one revolution of the drum, which can be definitely defined as

where κ is the number of operations in each technological cycle (equal to 3).

Thus, the performance of the proposed method per one drum revolution is defined as

The diagram shows a device for seed treatment of the proposed method.

The device consists of a receiving tank 1 with a conical bottom, the outlet of which is equipped with an unloading shutter 2. Inside the receiving tank 1, the upper 3 and lower 4 fixed disks are installed. Between the fixed disks, with the possibility of rotation, a drum 6 is mounted on the shaft 5 with mixing chambers 7 in the form of cylindrical holes evenly spaced around its circumference.

On the upper fixed disk 3, holes 8 are made, over which loading funnels 9 and openings 10 are installed, over which hydrodynamic emitters 11 are installed. The loading funnels 9 and hydrodynamic radiators 11 are mounted in series in the direction of rotation of the drum 6 parallel to the shaft 5. On the lower fixed disk 4 are made holes 12. Moreover, the holes 8, 10, 12 are arranged sequentially on coaxial circles (located in parallel planes) with a radius corresponding to the radius of the circumferential path d the movement of the mixing chambers 7 by rotation of the drum 6, and are offset relative to each other by the same angle. The number of holes 8, 10, 12 corresponds to each other and in total is equal to the number of mixing chambers 7.

The method is as follows.

The receiving tank 1 is filled with water, the rotation drive is turned on, from which the shaft 5 with the drum 6 begin to rotate at a given angular speed. With the rotation of the drum 6 and each passage of the mixing chambers 7 past the openings 8, portions of seeds intended for pre-sowing treatment by impact pressure are poured out from the loading funnels 9. When the drum 6 is rotated and the mixing chambers 7 loaded with seeds pass past the holes 10 inside the hydrodynamic emitters 11, a directed shock pulse is initiated, which is transmitted by water to the seeds in the mixing chamber 7. The direction and propagation of the impulse shock is limited by the walls of the mixing chamber. Thus, the most effective effect on the treated seeds is achieved and the reverse casting of seeds into the loading funnels is avoided.

With a further rotation of the drum 6, the mixing chambers 7 with the seeds treated with shock pressure appear above the holes 12 through which, under the action of gravity and vibration caused by shock pressure pulses from the hydrodynamic emitters 11, are poured down and removed from the receiving tank 1 through the discharge gate 2 without stopping further seed treatment process.

Example 1

Nine mixing chambers are evenly located on the drum of the device used for seed treatment. Six holes are made on the upper fixed disk: three for loading funnels and three holes for hydrodynamic emitters. Three holes are made on the lower fixed disk.

The receiving container is filled with water, the rotation drive is turned on, from which the shaft with the drum begin to rotate at a given angular speed. During the rotation of the drum and each passage of the mixing chambers under the loading funnels, 1 kg of seeds are poured into them, intended for presowing treatment by shock pressure. When passing mixing chambers with seeds under hydrodynamic emitters, the latter initiates a directed shock pulse, which is transmitted by water to the seeds in the mixing chamber.

With further rotation of the drum, mixing chambers with shock-treated seeds are located above the holes of the lower disk, through which, under the action of gravity and vibration caused by shock pulses from hydrodynamic emitters, are poured down and removed from the receiving tank through the discharge gate.

количество смесительных камер барабана, можно рассчитать производительность способа в расчете на один оборот барабана:

.Substituting into the formula

the number of mixing chambers of the drum, you can calculate the performance of the method per one revolution of the drum:

.

Thus, the presence of nine mixing chambers in the drum allows for one revolution to carry out three technological cycles for each mixing chamber, that is, twenty-seven technological cycles per revolution of the drum. The increase in the number of revolutions of the drum leads to a linear increase and productivity of the method.

Example 2

On the drum of the device used for seed treatment, twelve mixing chambers are evenly located around its circumference. Eight holes are made on the upper fixed disk: four for loading funnels and four holes for hydrodynamic emitters. Four holes are made on the lower fixed disk.

The receiving container is filled with water, the rotation drive is turned on, from which the shaft with the drum begin to rotate at a given angular speed. During the rotation of the drum and each passage of the mixing chambers under the loading funnels, 1 kg of seeds are poured into them, intended for presowing treatment by shock pressure. When passing mixing chambers with seeds under hydrodynamic emitters, the latter initiates a directed shock pulse, which is transmitted by water to the seeds in the mixing chamber.

With further rotation of the drum, mixing chambers with shock-treated seeds are located above the holes of the lower disk, through which, under the action of gravity and vibration caused by shock pulses from hydrodynamic emitters, are poured down and removed from the receiving tank through the discharge gate.

количество смесительных камер барабана, можно рассчитать производительность способа в расчете на один оборот барабана:

.Substituting into the formula

the number of mixing chambers of the drum, you can calculate the performance of the method per one revolution of the drum:

.

Thus, the presence of twelve mixing chambers in the drum makes it possible to carry out four technological cycles for each mixing chamber, that is, forty-eight technological cycles per revolution of the drum. The increase in the number of revolutions of the drum leads to a linear increase and productivity of the method.

A method of pre-sowing seed treatment, in which loading, seed treatment and unloading are carried out simultaneously in an equal number of mixing chambers made in the form of cylindrical holes on a rotating drum located between two fixed disks with holes, each hydrodynamic emitter processes the seeds in one mixing chamber located coaxially with it, and the extraction of seeds after processing is carried out under the influence of its own weight, is simple and provides an increase produces lnosti preplant seed treatment.

Claims (1)

The method of presowing treatment of seeds, in which the treated seeds are loaded into a mixing chamber located in a container with water under the influence of their own weight, treated with at least three hydrodynamic emitters and unloaded, characterized in that the loading, presowing treatment of seeds and unloading are carried out simultaneously in equal amounts mixing chambers made in the form of at least nine cylindrical holes on a rotating drum located between two stationary disks with holes In this case, each hydrodynamic emitter processes the seeds in one mixing chamber located coaxially with it, and the extraction of seeds after processing is carried out under the action of its own weight.

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