RU2601588C1 - Method of legumes and solid-seed plants seeds germination stimulating and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to agriculture, in particular, to seed studies, and can be used during legumes and solid-seed plants preparation for sowing. Method of legumes and solid-seed plants seed germination stimulating, which involves mechanical scarification, seeds scarification process is carried out on linen fabric or metal grid. Seeds scarification process is carried out for 1.5-5.0 minutes. Method implementation device consists of manual scarifier and foundation base, wherein foundation base contains: its upper and lower parts in form of frame attached to each other with fasteners, replaceable: metal grid or linseed cloth on solid pad. Manual scarifier consists of scarifier handle on plastic housing, holder plate, rubber gasket, solid shim, abrasive paper.

EFFECT: proposed inventions are aimed at improvement of seeds scarification quality, longer shelf life of wound seeds, simplified design of scarification seeds device.

2 cl, 2 dwg, 2 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to seed science, and may find application in the preparation of seeds of legumes and hard-seed plants for sowing.

A known method of stimulating the germination of hard seeds before sowing by mechanical processing (scarification). Scarified seeds increase germination (agricultural machinery, catalog, vol. 2, 1991, p. 20).

However, scarified seeds slow down the germination during the dry period with a lack of moisture in the soil.

A known method of stimulating the germination of hard seeds, including mechanical scarification with the addition of abrasive materials, enhancing the process of breaking the upper hard shell (Shamsutdinov N.Z. Mechanical, chemical and biological methods of stimulating the germination of hard seeds, J. Agricultural Biology, N 3, 1996, p. twenty).

The disadvantage of this method is that the seeds with a broken shell cause damage and reduced viability, and sown in the soil with a lack of moisture dramatically lose their germination. This reduces the effectiveness of the method, and also with mechanized processing, significant destruction of the seeds occurs.

The closest technical solution is a method of stimulating the germination of solid seeds of legumes (RU 2151479, A01C 1/00, publ. 06/27/2000), including mechanical scarification. Carry out mechanical scarification of seeds with the addition of zeolite-containing clays - irlites in a ratio of 1: 2.

The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of seed scarification.

A known scarifier for presowing treatment of seeds (RU 2146861, A01C 1/00, 03/27/2000). The scarifier consists of a loading hopper with a shutter and a rotating working body, made in the form of a glass and attached to it by one end of the tubes. The working body is enclosed in a housing, the upper part of which is a truncated cone with an inner surface coated with an abrasive.

A disadvantage of the known scarifier is that scarification occurs due to the impact of the seeds on the scarifying surface of the truncated cone. This also leads to crushing of a significant part of the mass of seeds.

A known scarifier (RU 111958. А01С 1/00, 01/10/2012) containing a case, a horizontally located disk with a rough surface, a spiral-shaped partition with a rough surface is welded to the lower disk, the hopper is mounted on the periphery of the disk, equipped with a shut-off and metering device located in the bottom of the hopper, the casing is equipped with a lid with a rough inner surface installed in the upper part of the casing, the supply pipe is installed tangentially in the casing, the scarifier is additionally equipped with a sedimentary chamber located th below the outlet, and the disk is rigidly fixed to the frame.

Known device-scarifiers are difficult to manufacture and operate and require energy during their operation.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method of stimulating the germination of seeds of legumes and hard-seed plants and devices for its implementation.

The present invention is aimed at improving the quality of seed scarification, increasing the shelf life of scarified seeds, simplifying the design of the seed scarification device.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of stimulating the germination of seeds of legumes and hard-seed plants, including mechanical scarification, the process of scarification of seeds is carried out for 1.5-5.0 minutes on linen or metal wire mesh.

This goal is also achieved by the fact that the device for implementing the method consists of a manual scarifier and a bed base, while the bed base contains: upper (3) and lower (2) parts thereof in the form of a frame fastened together by fasteners (8); interchangeable: a metal grid (5) or linen (5 ′), and a manual scarifier consists of: a scarifier handle on a plastic case (1); strips - retainer (9); rubber gaskets (4); firm laying (6); abrasive paper (7).

The essence of the invention is as follows.

During mechanical processing of seeds (scarification) on linen or metal grating, damage to the seed coat occurs, which contributes to the launch of the decomposition mechanism of storage proteins, migration of the products of their hydrolysis from the endosperm to the embryo. This is a consequence of the increase in the seeds of enzymes, both those that cause this decay, and those that participate in the formation of new vital compounds.

When seeds are scarified on linen, an additional technical effect is observed, consisting in the fact that microparticles of linen linen fall on the seeds of plants, microparticles reduce damage to seeds and contribute to long-term preservation. Linen linen has antiseptic and antiseptic effect, which was proved in the study of the properties of linen, films, assortment of summer clothes

Flax is highly hygroscopic, absorbs moisture well and simultaneously gives away quickly; no charges of static electricity are formed on the flaxen fibers; the degree of polymerization of cellulose is 2-3 times higher than that of cotton.

The chemical composition of flax fiber and its accompanying elements (satellites): elementary fibers are 98% composed of cellulose, which in turn consists of 44.4% carbon, 42.4% oxygen, 6.2% hydrogen.

Contained (silicon dioxide) in flaxseed creenezem contributes to the improvement of metabolism in seeds, especially old-aged. All these elements enhance the germination of the embryo. In old seeds, there is a violation of the nucleic acid metabolism. Therefore, the adhering particles of flaxen linen enhance the process of respiration and metabolism, increasing the viability of the seeds.

When scarifying old linen seeds on a linen sheet, there is an increase in germination and seed germination energy relative to the control (see tables 1 and 2).

The method is carried out using the device shown in FIG. 1 and 2a, b.

In FIG. 1 shows a manual scarifier device, where

1 - the handle of the scarifier on a plastic case,

4 - rubber gasket,

6 - solid gasket (particleboard, fiberboard),

7 - abrasive paper (replaceable),

8 - fasteners (bolts, screws),

9 - latch retainer.

In FIG. 2a shows the base frame of the device, where

2 - the lower part of the bed,

3 - the upper part of the bed,

5 - metal grill,

8 - fasteners (bolts, screws).

In FIG. 2b presents the base frame of the device, where

5 ′ - linen cloth,

6 ′ - solid gasket (chipboard, fiberboard).

Example 1

Scarification using linen.

The base frame of the device is installed on a horizontal surface (table, drawer, etc.).

Take a linen cloth (5 ′) (canvas - linen 100%, GOST 23432-89, p190 / m ² ), fix it on chipboard or fiberboard (6 ′) and fix it with fasteners (8) in the frame of the base frame.

The abrasive paper is selected (9) depending on the seed material (for alfalfa and galega - abrasive paper No. 10, for baby candy No. 11). Pour the seeds onto a linen cloth (5 ′), take the seeds arbitrarily, for example, a weighed sample of seeds 5-7 g. Manually distribute the seeds manually and carry out the process of scarification using the device’s manual scarifier (in the forward and backward directions) 1.5-5.0 minutes before mechanical failure upper hard shell of seeds.

The degree of violation of the hard upper shell of the seeds is first determined visually until the initial gloss is lost, then checked under a microscope.

Example 2

Scarification using a metal lattice (5) is carried out similarly to the previous example 1. The differences are as follows.

A metal grate (5) is selected for the corresponding d-diameter (0.7-2.2) depending on the size of the seed:

for small seeds using a d-diameter of 0.7; 0.8; 1.0; 1.1;

for large seeds, d-diameters of 1.4-2.2 or more are used (for alfalfa of d-diameters - 1.3; gallegs - 1.5-1.8; for lamb - 0.7).

Fasten with fasteners (8) a metal grate (5) in the frame of the base frame.

With a uniform distribution of seeds on the metal lattice (5), the seeds are arbitrarily fixed in the holes of the metal lattice (5), then during the scarification process for 1.5-5.0 minutes using the device’s manual scarifier (in the forward and reverse directions), the seeds rotate around their axis, and there is a uniform violation of the upper hard shell of the seeds.

Table 1 presents the results of germination and germination energy of seeds (alfalfa, galega, lamb) after scarification using linen cloth or metal lattice, carried out in time intervals of 1.5-5.0 minutes.

Determination of germination and seed germination energy in (%), treated with a scarifier on metal gratings and linen, was carried out according to GOST:

Sampling - GOST 12036

Germination determination method - GOST 12038-84

Varietal and sowing qualities of crops - GOST R 52325

Germination energy characterizes the germination of seedlings and the rate of germination of seeds. It is determined in one analysis with germination, but the calculation of normally germinated seeds is carried out earlier.

Table 1 shows the data confirming the increase in germination and germination energy of seeds treated with a scarifier on metal gratings and linen.

From the data given in table 1, it can be seen that scarification by the proposed method increases the germination energy from 3.6% to 79% and germination from 4.3% to 23% on a metal grid, on linen, the germination energy from 7.5% to 100%, germination from 10.8% to 29.4% in relation to the control (not scarified seeds).

Table 2 shows the data confirming an increase in the shelf life of scarified seeds treated with a scarifier on metal gratings and linen.

From the above table 2 data shows that the scarification of seeds by the proposed method has confirmed its effectiveness. When checking scarified seeds after 9 months, it is observed that germination energy is higher than the control (without scarification) by 17-29.7%, germination is higher than the control (without scarification) by 6-17.2%. Analyzing the results of May (2014) and February (2015) scarification, we can conclude that seed germination has remained at the same level of scarification, and germination energy even increased, relative to scarified seeds in May 2014, from 12% to 17% (February 2015 .) for alfalfa, and from 27% to 29.7% (February 2015) for lyudvens.

Therefore, the proposed: a method of stimulating the germination of seeds of legumes and hard-seed plants and a device for its implementation are effective, increasing seed germination and germination energy of legumes and hard-seed plants, shelf life of scarified seeds.

The proposed device is also characterized by simplicity of design and use, is characterized by mobility and does not require energy consumption.

Claims (2)

1. A method of stimulating the germination of seeds of legumes and hard-seed plants, including mechanical scarification, characterized in that the process of seed scarification is carried out for 1.5-5.0 minutes on a linen cloth or metal grid. 2. A device for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising a manual scarifier and a bed base, characterized in that the bed base contains: upper (3) and lower (2) parts thereof in the form of a frame fastened together by fasteners (8) ; interchangeable: a metal grid (5) or linen (5 ′), and a manual scarifier, consists of: a scarifier handle on a plastic case (1); strips - retainer (9); rubber gaskets (4); firm laying (6); abrasive paper (7).

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