RU2615129C1 - Delayed fuel oil thermal conversion unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: unit comprises a fractionation block of heated fuel oil and thermal conversion vapours, equipped with exhaust lines of gas, light products, heavy gas oil and flux oil, a cracking furnace equipped with a supply line of heavy gas oil mixture and part of thermal conversion residual and connected to a separator of cracking product, which is equipped with vapour exhaust line and connected by residual exhaust line to thermal conversion reactor, equipped with vapour supply line and residual supply line, which is divided into supply line of circulating residue in exhaust line of heavy gas oil and supply line of balance residual. Wherein the fractionation block is equipped with supply line of thermal conversion vapours and equipped, as exhaust lines of light products, with exhaust line of middle-distillate fraction and with supply line of light fraction in exhaust line of heavy gas oil, supply line of balance residual is connected to flux oil exhaust line, adjacent to the first flux oil separator, which is connected by vapour supply line to supply line of thermal conversion vapours, and is connected by residual exhaust line to the second flux oil separator, equipped with exhaust lines of residual product and supply lines of vapours into jet ejector positioned at disposal of at least a portion of vapours from the cracking product separator into supply line of thermal conversion vapours.

EFFECT: proposed unit enables to produce only middle-distillate fraction as a light product and fuel oil or bitumen feedstock as a residual product without using steam.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to plants for the processing of heavy hydrocarbons by delayed thermal conversion and can be used in the refining industry to obtain light and residual products.

Known installations for the thermal processing of heavy hydrocarbon raw materials do not allow obtaining light products with a high yield due to coking of the cracking furnace coils at high degrees of conversion of the raw material.

So, there is a method of processing heavy hydrocarbons [RU 2413752, publ. 03/10/2011, IPC C10G 9/16, C07C 7/04, C10G 9/06], carried out at the installation, which includes a heat exchanger, separator, distillation column, two cracking furnaces located on the supply lines of the residual heavy fraction and heavy a distillate fraction, a separator of a heated heavy distillate fraction and a multi-section reactor connected to a distillation column with a thermolysis vapor supply line and equipped with a thermolysis residue withdrawal line.

A disadvantage of the known installation is the location of one of the cracking furnaces on the supply line of the residual heavy fraction containing resins and asphaltenes, which leads to coking of its coil.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed invention is a method for thermal conversion of heavy hydrocarbons [RU 2500789, publ. 12/10/2013, IPC C10G 9/36], carried out on the installation, which includes, among other things, a block of fractionation of heated fuel oil mixed with thermolysis vapors (thermal conversion), equipped with lines for the output of gas, light products, heavy gas oil fraction ( heavy gas oil) and residue (half-oil), cracking furnace of a heavy gas oil mixture with a portion of the first thermal conversion residue (circulating residue) connected to a separation device (cracking product separator) equipped with a vapor withdrawal line and a residue withdrawal line on which The swarm contains a reaction chamber of the first stage of thermolysis (thermal conversion reactor) equipped with a vapor withdrawal line and connected with a supply line of the circulating residue to the mixture supply line to the cracking furnace, and a balance residue supply line with the reaction chamber of the second thermolysis stage, adjacent to the output line vapor from the cracking product separator, while the reaction chamber of the second stage of thermolysis is equipped with a vapor withdrawal line and is connected to the residue withdrawal line to which the supply lines of the residue from the fraction block are adjacent tion and superheated steam (heating medium) to the reaction chamber a third step of thermolysis equipped lines O vapor and bottoms product.

The disadvantages of this installation are: the use of water vapor as a coolant, which leads to the formation of a large amount of oil-contaminated water effluents, the production of light products containing low-quality secondary gasoline, as well as the receipt of a residue of limited use as a residue.

The objective of the invention is the exclusion of the use of water vapor, obtaining as a light product only the middle distillate fraction, and as a residual product - commercial fuel oil or bitumen raw materials.

The technical result achieved by the invention: elimination of the use of water vapor due to the use of the balance residue of thermal conversion as a heat carrier and at least part of the cracking product separation vapors, obtaining only a middle distillate fraction as a light product by feeding the light fraction into the cracking furnace in mixtures with heavy gas oil, production of commercial fuel oil or bitumen raw materials as a residual product due to two-stage separation of the heated semi-tar.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the installation, including the fractionation unit of heated fuel oil and thermal conversion vapors, equipped with lines for the output of gas, light products, heavy gas oil and semi-tar, a cracking furnace equipped with a supply line of a mixture of heavy gas oil and the circulating thermal conversion residue, and connected by a cracked product feed line to a separator which is equipped with a vapor withdrawal line and connected by a residue withdrawal line to a thermal conversion reactor equipped with a vapor supply line and the residue supply line, which is divided into the supply line of the circulating residue to the heavy gas oil output line and the balance residue supply line, a feature is that the fractionation unit is equipped with a thermal conversion vapor supply line and is equipped with a medium distillate fraction output line as light product output lines and a light fraction supply line to the heavy gas oil withdrawal line, a balance residue supply line is connected to a half-withdrawal output line adjacent to the first half-separator separator, which connected by a vapor supply line with a thermal conversion vapor supply line, and a residue supply line with a second semi-tar separator equipped with residual product withdrawal lines and vapor supply lines to a jet ejector disposed on the outlet of at least a part of the vapor from the cracking product separator to the thermal vapor supply line conversions.

A heater can be additionally placed on the semi-tar feed line, which allows, if necessary, to regulate the temperature in the semi-tar separators. The vapor supply line from the cracking product separator can be connected to the vapor supply line from the jet ejector, which allows, if necessary, to regulate the pressure in the second semi-tar separator and the quality of the residual product.

The reactor is a capacitive type apparatus, made, for example, according to [RU 2503707, publ. 01/10/2014, IPC C10G 9/14]. As separators can be used, for example, centrifugal or capacitive separators.

The equipment of the fractionation unit with the light fraction outlet line to the heavy gas oil outlet line connected to the supply line of the circulating thermal conversion residue allows both the light fraction and the unconverted residue to be re-cracked and, due to the disproportionation reactions, to ensure that only the middle distillate fraction is obtained as a light product (marine fuel or heating stove fuel). Equipping the fractionation unit with a thermal conversion vapor supply line allows the use of vapor heat to distill heavy gas oil from fuel oil, thereby increasing the load of the reaction furnace and the yield of the middle distillate fraction.

The connection of the semi-tar output line with the balance residue supply and thermal conversion vapor supply lines allows you to control the temperature in the semi-tar separators, due to which it is possible to obtain commercial fuel oil or bitumen raw materials, as well as to eliminate the use of water vapor as a heat carrier by using heat from the mixed streams .

Placing at least a portion of the vapors from the separator of the cracking product of the jet ejector connected to the second half-separator separator by a vapor supply line allows the pressure in the half-separator separators to be regulated, thereby providing, if necessary, commercial fuel oil or bitumen raw materials.

The proposed installation consists of a fractionation unit 1, a cracking furnace 2, a cracking product separator 3, a first 4 and a second 5 half-separator separators, a delayed thermal conversion reactor 6, and a jet ejector 7.

During operation of the installation, heated fuel oil through line 8 and thermal conversion pairs along line 9 are fed into block 1, where they are separated into gas, light, middle distillate fractions and heavy gas oil, discharged along lines 10, 11, 12 and 13, respectively, and a semi-tar feed the separator 4 along line 14, into which the balance residue of thermal conversion and a part of the vapors from the separator 3, respectively, are supplied as lines through the lines 15 and 16. A light fraction and a circulating thermal conversion residue are fed to line 13 along lines 11 and 17, respectively, the resulting mixture is heated in a cracking furnace 2 to a thermal conversion temperature and separated in a separator 3 into pairs and the residue fed via line 18 to reactor 6 from which thermal conversion pairs are removed via line 9, mixed with the pairs supplied through lines 19 and 20 from the separator 4 and the jet ejector 7, respectively, and fed to block 1, as well as the remainder of the thermal conversion, which is divided into balance and circulating. The remainder of the separator 4 through line 21 is sent to the separator 5, from which the residual product, for example fuel oil, is withdrawn via line 22, and vapors are compressed through line 23, which are compressed by the ejector 7 using part of the vapor supplied via line 24 from line 16. On the line 14, a heater 25 can be placed, and lines 16 and 20 can be connected by a tap 26 (shown by dashed lines).

Thus, the proposed installation allows to exclude the use of water vapor, to obtain only the middle distillate fraction as a light product, fuel oil or bitumen raw materials as a residual product and can be used in industry.

Claims (3)

1. Installation of delayed thermal conversion of fuel oil, including a fractionation unit for heated fuel oil and thermal conversion vapors, equipped with lines for the output of gas, light products, heavy gas oil and semi-tar, a cracking furnace equipped with a feed line for a mixture of heavy gas oil and part of the residue of thermal conversion and connected to a separator cracking product, which is equipped with a vapor withdrawal line and connected to the residue withdrawal line with a thermal conversion reactor equipped with a vapor supply line and a residue supply line which is separated Lena to the supply line of the circulating residue to the heavy gas oil output line and the balance residue supply line, characterized in that the fractionation unit is equipped with a thermal conversion vapor supply line and is equipped with a medium distillate fraction output line and a light fraction supply line as a light product output line withdrawal of heavy gas oil, the balance residue supply line is connected to the semi-tar output line adjacent to the first semi-tar separator, which is connected by the vapor supply line to the supply line thermal conversion vapors, and the residue supply line with a second semi-tar separator equipped with residual product withdrawal lines and vapor supply lines to a jet ejector located at the outlet of at least part of the vapors from the cracking product separator to the thermal conversion vapor supply line. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that a heater is located on the semi-tar feed line. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the vapor supply line from the cracking product separator is connected to the vapor supply line from the jet ejector.

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