RU2602679C1 - Method of pasturable prevention of fascioliasis in ruminant animals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. Animals are raised on pasture, plant formation of which consists of 70 % and more of plants, containing main active substances of 2 classes (phenolcarboxylic acids class, higher fatty acids class) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and auxiliary reactants of 2-3 classes (class of aromatic carboxylic acids class of lipid acids, class of triterpenic acids, class of sesquiterpene acids, class of organic acids and class of tanning substances), nicotinic acid and amino acid canavanine.

EFFECT: use of declared method reduces the rate of multiple invasion during herd season, improves therapeutic and preventive effect.

1 cl, 8 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, relates to a method for the prevention of fascioliasis of ruminants and can be used in the system of anti-fasciose measures in the construction of cultural pastures to increase animal productivity and the quality of livestock products.

The system of anti-fasciose measures includes pasture change, disinfection of fasciological foci and preventive deworming. When using synthetic anthelmintics, complications or negative effects on the animal organism often occur due to violations of the order of their use and for a number of other reasons (low chemotherapeutic index, presence of embryotropic properties, local effects, etc.). So, tetramisole has a low chemotherapeutic index (1.5-2.0) and, in order to avoid possible toxicosis, it is recommended to be used only individually and strictly taking into account body weight, it is especially carefully used in cattle weighing over 250 kg. Levamisole, even causing a therapeutic dose of salivation and depression, is even more toxic. Bithionol can cause diarrhea in animals. In case of violation of the rules for the use of polytrem, especially when feeding during deworming with poor-quality, easily fermenting or poor-quality feeds, in some animals (cows) atony may occur within 1-2 days after deworming. With the use of ivomek, baimek, pharmacin, ivergen, rustomectin or other avermectins in individual animals, a short-term manifestation of a local reaction is possible, which is manifested in soreness with the introduction and the appearance of swelling in 20-30% of cattle, which disappears spontaneously after 2-3 days. With prolonged use of anthelmintics, the appearance of helminth strains resistant to their action is possible, which is manifested by a decrease in the effectiveness of the drug. In addition, anthelmintics and their metabolites pose a significant environmental hazard, contaminate livestock products, reducing their quality. Most anthelmintics are excreted from treated animals with feces, urine and milk unchanged in the form of metabolites. Animal feces containing residual amounts of anthelmintics fall into the pasture, and then with atmospheric precipitation into the soil and water, the degree of pollution of which depends on the chemical and physical properties of the preparations, their stability. When using anthelmintics, it is necessary to take into account the toxicity parameters of preparations for earthworms, scarabs and other coprophagous beetles and insect larvae found in manure, as well as hydrobionts (daphnia, cyclops, etc.), the rate of degradation of fecal masses on pasture and the level of preparations in the soil paddocks and pastures where treated animals were kept. The use of non-chemical means of combating helminthiases, for example of plant origin, can significantly reduce the negative impact on the animal organism and the environment. Most plants can be used to treat non-communicable and contagious diseases, including helminth infections, as pathogenetic agents. It has been established that when pigs are fed red clover for a month while grazing animals on a clover-timothy mixture, their infection with trichocephalus and strongilsils decreases by 66.6%, roundworms - by 28.6%. Feeding pigs with white clover frees 38.5% of animals from trichocephalus and 23.9% from roundworms. After a month of feeding it to pigs, lupine feed liberated 28.5% of the animals from roundworms, 19.3% - from trichocephalus. Feeding pigs needles to pigs leads to the release of 35.7% of pigs from roundworms and 33.3% and from stropgilomds. As a result of monthly feeding of radish, the extent of infection of pigs with trichocephalus decreased by 30.7%, ascarids - by 18.1%. The introduction of silage from beet tops into pigs during the month led to the release of 25% of animals from coccidia with a decrease of 61.5% in the intensity of oocyst excretion [1]. When studying the action of some plants in vitro on invasive larvae of helminths and sexually mature animal parasites, it was found that in fresh juice of garden horseradish, poisonous milestone, sorrel horseradish, bulbs of wild garlic, flowers of bird cherry ordinary, immobilization of invasive larvae of trichostrongilides occurred in 3-11 hours their death - after 4-16 hours; in juice from grass and snowdrop flowers - after 10 hours, and death - after 11-19 hours; in the juice from wormwood, pine needles and young bark ate - after 16-20 and 23-48 hours; in juice from fresh birch leaves - after 13 and 15-30 hours; in juice from the bark of young aspen, ripe fruits of mountain ash ordinary - after 20-35 hours and 34-48 hours, respectively. In a decoction of grass and flowers of the hogweed of Sosnowski, herbs with fruits of ordinary caraway seeds, grass of creeping thyme, peppermint, field horsetail, medicinal hemorrhage, bitter wormwood flowers. Elecampane root, poisonous milestone, horse chestnut, common juniper, dill seeds, garden larvae trichostrongilides were immobilized after 14-24 hours, and died after 18-38 hours, in a decoction of immortelle flowers, acorn oak acorns - after 27-36 hours and 30-52 hours, respectively [2]. Male fern preparations have a detrimental effect on tape parasites. Common and gymnospermous pumpkin seeds are used for deworming and parasitic prophylaxis of various tape helminths of birds and dogs. Feeding common squash to pigs and chickens reduces their invasion by nematodes. Oregano is effective in animal ascariasis. Hypericum perforatum is effective in pig nematodoses (esophagostomiasis, ascariasis, trichocephalosis). Common caraway seeds are effective against some animal nematodes (nematodes, ostertagia, trichostrongilides, bunostomy, etc.). Snowdrop as an anthelmintic is tested in hematosis, bunostomosis, dictiocauliasis, trichocephalosis. Figs (fig tree, fig tree, wine berry) have strong ascaridocidal properties. Yarrow is used for gastroenterocolitis caused by parasitization of coccidia and balantidia. Immortelle sand is used as an anthelmintic against roundworms. An infusion of leaves and aspen bark has an anthelmintic effect in equine parascaridosis, and aspen and pine branches in the treatment of eimeriidosis in rabbits. Willow brooms are valued as a cure for coccidiosis and are used for hematosis, bunostomosis, dictyocaulosis and ruminant trichocephalosis. For therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, in teliasis of cattle, an infusion of tansy vulgaris is effective. The extract from the flowers and leaves of tansy vulgaris has a good anthelmintic property in ascariasis, strictilatoses of the gastrointestinal tract of horses and dogs [3]. Preparations from bitter wormwood are prescribed orally for parasitoses of the gastrointestinal tract, horse trichonematidoses, toxocariasis, toxoscariosis and hookworm disease of dogs and cats, rabbit eimeriosis, bovine coleopharyngiasis, mixed invasion of strongilates, trichocephyloids and trichocephyloids and. Hypericum perforatum is used for sheep gastrointestinal strictiloses. However, biologically active substances that are detrimental to the target object, for example helminth, can be toxic to a non-target object, for example to an animal. Thus, the derivatives of phloroglucin contained in the rhizomes of the male fern are extremely toxic not only for helminths parasitizing in the intestines, but also for the animal. Derivatives of phloroglucin are toxic to the central nervous system, skeletal muscles and heart. When injected in toxic doses directly into the blood, they cause convulsions in warm-blooded animals, and then paralysis of the central nervous system and heart. When administered inside, male fern extract has an irritating effect and causes inflammation of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. After introduction into the blood, after about 2 hours, general intoxication, convulsions and death of animals occur. An autopsy reveals hemorrhagic gastroduodenitis, edema of the brain and spinal cord, hemorrhages in the retina, parenchymal and hemorrhagic nephritis, swelling of the liver and spleen. Essential oil (up to 2%) of common tansy, which includes α- and β-thujone, borneol, thujol, pinene and 1-camphor, providing an anthelmintic effect (on nematodes), causes toxic effects (depression of the nervous system, visual impairment) due to thujone, and the milk of the cows at the same time acquires a bitter taste and a peculiar smell. Intoxication of animals can be fatal. Pregnant females may have miscarriages. The toxicity of wormwood is caused by sesquiterpenic lactone - santonin, which, having a pronounced anthelmintic effect, has a convulsive effect, violates the rhythm of heart contractions and lowers blood pressure.

The purpose of the invention is the development of a method for the prevention of fascioliasis for use in grazing technology on highly productive OKP, which provides a stable antifasciolis effect in a short period of the grazing season.

This goal is achieved by the inclusion of grass pastures of plants containing complexes of biologically active substances, causing a high degree of larva-trematocidal activity.

The chemical composition of plants is very diverse and includes many dozens of biologically (pharmacologically) active substances.

These biologically active substances are produced during the life of the plant and accumulate in its organs. They are such chemical compounds that have a certain physiological and pharmacological effect on the animal organism, which can stop the development of a pathological process in a sick animal, increase its general resistance, and return to normal physiological life.

The spectrum of biological activity of medicinal herbs is determined by the composition of biologically active substances that are present in the medicinal plant (essential oils, flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, etc.). The amount of substances in medicinal plants can range from tens to hundreds, which determines the dominance of a particular pharmacological effect (s) of a particular plant and its meaningful choice when prescribed for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes.

Experimental studies have identified the main and auxiliary active substances that cause the larva-fasciolocidal activity of plants (table 1).

We found that in the presence of the main active substances of class 2 in the plant material (class of phenolcarboxylic acids, class of higher fatty acids) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and auxiliary active substances of class 2-3 (class of aromatic carboxylic acids, class of lipid acids, class triterpenic acids, the class of sesquiterpenic acids, the class of organic acids, the class of tannins), the amino acids canavanin and nicotinic acid predict high (≥40%), in the presence of the main active substances 1-2 class owls and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and auxiliary active substances of classes 1-2 (class of aromatic carboxylic acids, class of lipid acids, class of triterpenic acids, class of organic acids and class of tannins) - average (20-39%), and if available / the absence of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and auxiliary active substances of class 0-2 (class of aromatic carboxylic acids, class of triterpenic acids and class of organic acids) - low / zero (19% -0) degree of trematocidal activity against excised Fasciola hepatica larvae.

The dependence of the degree of larvo-trematocidal activity on the presence of active substances in the chemical composition was experimentally confirmed on 4-month-old gray giant rabbits, which were infected with a 50-fold single dose of invasive material that was fed twice with an interval of 14 days. two-month-old adolescari Fasciola hepatico Test plants in the form of dry grass cutting were fed for 3 days - the day before infection, on the day of infection and ate the next day, infection at the rate of 100 g. Throughout the experiment, uncontrolled infection of animals with fascioli through feed and water was excluded. Throughout the experiment and animals of the experimental groups, during the waiting period, the animals of the control group were fed cereal hay from dry haymaking, where cattle were not grazed and were not registered during examination of foci of invasive foci (table 2).

Eatability of plants with a maximum set of active ingredients in fresh (grass) and in dry (hay) form was determined on rabbits by feeding for 10 days (table 3).

Table 3 shows that plant materials with the maximum composition of biologically active chemical classes of natural compounds are completely eaten by animals.

Table 4 shows the results of studies of plants growing and cultivated on pastures of forest-taiga, forest, forest-steppe zones of the North-Eastern region of the Non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation, for the presence of biologically active basic and auxiliary natural compounds.

Table 5 shows the results of studies of the comparative fasciolocidal activity of plants in monoculture and herbage. As can be seen from table 5, in the presence of plants that contain the main active substances of classes 2 (class of phenolcarboxylic acids, class of higher fatty acids) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and auxiliary active substances of classes 2-3 (class of aromatic carboxylic acids, class lipid acids, the class of triterpenic acids, the class of sesquiterpenic acids, the class of organic acids and the class of tannins), nicotinic acid and the amino acid canavanin at the level of 70% and higher are provided with fasciolocidal intens An activity comparable to the fasciolocidal intensity of the dominant plant in the herbage.

The essence of the method is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. Two groups of cows with fascioliasis were selected, 25 animals each, which for one month grazing (May) were driven by a joint cattle drive to pasture and watering. Biotopes of mollusks of the subgenus Galba, the intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica, were preserved throughout the grazing season on the cattle drive and at the watering site. In April-May, deworming of heifers of the first year of grazing was carried out with a double check on the processing efficiency. After deworming, the animals of the first group (experimental) were transferred to an artificial pasture, in the grass which was dominated by a plant with a high degree of larva-trematocidal activity - horned lamb - at the rate of 95%, and the second group (control) - to a dry grass cereal pasture, and watering and cattle driving (places of spontaneous infection of experimental animals with the pathogen of fascioliasis) remained the same and common for both groups until the end of the grazing season. At the end of the experiment, a liver examination, helminthovoscopy and serological studies using the RNGA method of the experimental group of heifers of the first year of grazing were performed in comparison with the control. The results are presented in table 6.

Example 2. The experimental design, as in example 1. Alfalfa sowing dominated in the grassland of the cultivated pasture. The results are presented in table 7.

Studies have shown that the incidence of animals with fascioliasis depends on the composition of the grassland of pastures on which they were kept during the grazing period (table 8).

Studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the claimed method in the system of anti-fasciosis measures. It was found that plants containing the main active substances of class 2 (class of phenolcarboxylic acids, class of higher fatty acids) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and auxiliary active substances of classes 2-3 (class of aromatic carboxylic acids, class of lipid acids, class of triterpene acids, class of sesquiterpenic acids, class of organic acids and class of tannins), nicotinic acid and the amino acid Canavanin, have larva-trematocidal activity, i.e. act on the excised larvae of Fasciola hepatica, which are located at the beginning of invasion in the digestive tract of the definitive host, which are temporarily immobilized or killed in transit are excreted with the remains of the feed, and the animals are kept during pasture on the pasture, in which the plants with larva-trematocidal activity dominate reduces the frequency of repeated invasion during the grazing season. Carrying out larval dehelmitization at this time provides the greatest therapeutic and prophylactic effect, i.e. prevented "not only the spread of invasion, but the disease of the animal" [4].

Information sources

1. N.K. Slepnev, A.F. Golovneva. Feed plants are a means of controlling the parasitosis of pigs and chickens. - Minsk: Harvest, 1970, 80 p.

2. S.S. Lipnitsky. Herbal medicine in veterinary medicine. Belarus, 2006, 286 p.

3. Yatusevich A.I. Gastrointestinal protohelminthocenoses in industrial livestock breeding and measures to combat them // Scientific notes of the educational institution "Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine": [Collection of scientific papers]. - Vitebsk, 2004.- T. 40, part 1. - S. 336-337)

4. Handbook of Veterinary Helminthology / B.C. Ershov. - M .: Kolos, 1964, 368 p.

Claims (1)

A method for pasture prevention of fascioliasis of ruminants, including feeding plants with anthelmintic properties, characterized in that the animals are grazed on a pasture, which herbage consists of 70% or more of plants containing the main active substances of 2 classes (class of phenolcarboxylic acids, class of higher fatty acids) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and auxiliary active substances of the 2-3 classes (class of aromatic carboxylic acids, class of lipid acids, class of triterpenic acids, class of sesquiterpene hydrochloric acid, class of organic acids and class of tannins), nicotinic acid and the amino acid Canavanin.