RU2691479C1 - Aspen bark processing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to wood-chemical industry and can be used for processing of aspen bark with production of biologically active fodder additives for cattle breeding. Method for processing aspen bark provides extraction of milled aspen bark with glycerine at hydro modulus of 1:3 at temperature of 60–110 °C for 2–5 hours, wherein glycerine after extraction is not distilled, and is used in the obtained product as a preserving agent.

EFFECT: proposed method for processing aspen bark allows to produce biologically active product replenishing vitamins deficiency in animals.

1 cl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the wood-chemical industry and can be used in the woodworking and pulp and paper industry for the processing of aspen bark with the production of biologically active feed additives for animal husbandry.

When harvesting and processing wood, commercial wood is mainly used, and bark of various wood species is dumped or partially burned.

Aspen bark has medicinal properties and is widely used to obtain aqueous and alcoholic extracts of biologically active substances. A group of scientists led by B.N. Kuznetsov (Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) proposed a method for obtaining extracts from aspen bark using extractants of different polarities. In the process of obtaining extracts, a post-extraction residue remains, which to date has not found a worthy use [Levdansky VA, Polezhaeva NI, Kuznetsov B.N. New methods for complex processing of wood bark into valuable chemical products // Proc. scientific tr. Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS. Krasnoyarsk, 2001. p. 1161-1175 (1)].

The first study of aspen bark on the content of useful substances in it was conducted by Professor V.I. Sharkov (LTA them. SM Kirov), who isolated from the aspen bark of 12.4% fat-soluble substances (lipids). Later in the bark they found 3-4% of ash substances, 23-31% of lignin, up to 40% of sugars.

The biological and nutritional value of aspen bark has long attracted the attention of scientists and animal workers. It identified the following trace elements,%: calcium - more than 1; phosphorus - 0.05; potassium 0.31; magnesium 0.2; iron - up to 0.04; zinc - 0.01; cobalt - 0.00001, etc. In the aspen bark, proteins are defined - up to 7%, fiber - more than 20%.

Of particular interest are the lipids of aspen bark, which include: phosphatides, provitamin A (β-carotene, α-carotene, lutein, xanthophiles), vitamin E (α-tocopherol and other tocopherols and tocotrienols), provitamin D (β-sitosterol, campesterol and other phytosterols), vitamin K, chlorophyll derivatives, vitamin F (polyunsaturated fatty acids and their esters).

Pharmacological studies conducted in the LTA them. CM. Kirov, Petrozavodsk Institute of Biology, Karelian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Central Research Pharmaceutical Institute, Institute of Cosmetology (Moscow) confirmed the high biological activity of aspen bark lipids and the possibility of their use in therapeutic and preventive medicine, as well as in agriculture for feeding animals and birds.

The aqueous extract obtained from aspen bark contains a complex of biologically active vital substances: water-soluble vitamins (PP, C, group B), proteins and amino acids, carbohydrates (oligosaccharides, galactose, glucose, mannose). Flavonoids, lignans, tannids, bitterness, proteins, amino acids (lysine, aspartic acid, argin, threonine, series, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine), macro- and trace elements, phenylglycosides, coumarins.

There is a method of processing vegetable raw materials by treating it with hot water under pressure, characterized in that the vegetable raw materials are subjected to double pressing and repressing when contacted with water at 30-120 ° C. The method is applicable for extracting water-soluble substances from wood of larch, oak and chestnut [USSR Author's Certificate No. 438117, 1974 (2)]. The disadvantages of the method are the multistage process and the incomplete use of valuable wood.

There is a method of processing vegetable raw materials for the production of coarse feed from wood of aspen and poplar by grinding raw materials, steaming under pressure [Reference information in the journal "Forest chemistry and tapping", No. 4, 1979, p. 13 (3)]. The disadvantage of this method is the need for steaming the raw materials in order to destroy cellulose and the presence of waste - water-soluble substances, which are obtained by steaming wood and which are phenol-containing wastewater.

A known method of processing aspen bark, including its grinding, extraction with an organic solvent, evaporation of the extract and extraction of the obtained vitamin concentrate [Copyright Certificate of the USSR No. 539590, 1975 (4)]. The disadvantage of this method is the incomplete use of raw materials - aspen bark. As a result, 95-97% of organic substances that can find practical application go to waste. In addition, in the process of stripping the solvent from the spent bark, wastewater containing tannins is formed, and the spent bark is dumped into the dump.

A method of obtaining a drug that has a choleretic effect, by five times repercolating aspen bark with 70% ethanol at room temperature with an infusion period of 8 hours, followed by removal of the extractant under vacuum at 50 ° C and bringing to dry extract in a vacuum-drying cabinet at 40 ° С [RF patent №2126687, publ. 27.02.1999 (5)]. The disadvantages of the method include the use of alcohol.

A method of obtaining funds from the bark of aspen, which has an antitoptosis effect, in which the crushed (particle size less than 1 mm) raw material is extracted with water at 70 ° C in a ratio of raw materials: water from 1: 8 to 1:10, insist for 4-6 h, wring out, defend the extract for 2-4 h, concentrated in vacuo at 30-50 ° C to 60 wt. %, then the rest of the bark is additionally extracted with 45% ethyl alcohol at a ratio of 1: 1 for 4-6 h, wring out, combine the aqueous and alcoholic extracts, followed by evaporation and drying in vacuum [RF Patent №2162701, publ. 10.02.2001 (6)].

The disadvantages of the method include extraction with hot water (70 ° C), which contributes to the destruction of vitamins and enzymes. In addition, the disadvantages include high energy intensity of production.

The problem to which this invention is directed, is to develop a method of waste-free processing of aspen bark and obtaining a biologically active additive for animal husbandry.

A method of processing aspen bark, including the extraction of crushed raw material with glycerol at a temperature of 60-110 ° C for 2-5 hours with a liquid module of 1: 3. At the same time, unlike traditional extractants (organic solvents and water), glycerin makes it possible to extract from the bark both water soluble and fat soluble substances (acid number 0.896 mg KOH / g, saponification number 2.189 mg KOH / g). After extraction, glycerin is not distilled off from the extract, but remains in the product as a biologically active component and preservative.

The use of glycerin can improve the performance properties of the resulting product. Glycerin has antibacterial properties that ensure the preservation of consumer qualities of products for a long time under simple storage conditions.

Example 1. 75 kg of crushed aspen bark mixed with wood 15%, moisture 42% and 225 kg glycerin are loaded into the extractor. At a temperature of 60 ° C, extraction is carried out for 5 hours. The resulting product is a biologically active additive for animal husbandry is a homogeneous, dense mass of yellowish-brown color. The drug is completely soluble in water.

Example 2. The extractor is loaded with 75 kg of crushed aspen bark mixed with wood 15%, humidity 42% and 225 kg glycerin. At a temperature of 110 ° C, extraction is carried out for 2 hours. The resulting product is a biologically active additive for animal husbandry is a homogeneous, dense mass of yellowish-brown color. The drug is completely soluble in water.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the complex processing of aspen bark and the production of biologically active feed additives from vegetable raw materials with the properties to compensate for the deficiency of vitamins.

A bench installation was made, the technological parameters were tested, prototypes were developed, their analysis was carried out, and work was underway to introduce the technology into production.

Information sources:

1. Levdansky V.A., Polezhaeva N.I., Kuznetsov B.N. New methods for complex processing of wood bark into valuable chemical products // Proc. scientific tr. Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS. Krasnoyarsk, 2001. p. 1161-1175.

2. USSR author's certificate No. 438117, 1974.

3. The abstract information in the journal "Wood chemistry and tapping", No. 4, 1979, p. 13.

4. Copyright Certificate of the USSR No. 539590, 1975.

5. RF patent №2126687, publ. 02.27.1999.

6. RF patent №2162701, publ. 02/10/2001.

Claims (1)

A method of processing aspen bark, characterized in that the glycerin is used to extract the crushed raw material at a temperature of 60-110 ° C for 2-5 hours at a liquid modulus of 1: 3, after extraction the glycerin is not distilled off from the extract, but remains in the product as a biological active ingredient and preservative.