RU2682832C1 - Pallet for manufacture of bolt with thermal inserts of frame of prefabricated monolithic building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the production of building structures and can be used in the manufacture of a bolt with thermal inserts of the frame of a prefabricated monolithic building. Pallet for the manufacture of bolts with thermal inserts consists of four channels welded together by channels, which in turn are installed with a step of 1,500÷2,000 mm, metal sheet with thickness of 10÷12 mm is welded to the channels by arc welding, and a separating element is welded to the center of the pallet, which consists of metal sheets welded to each other by electric arc welding. On the longitudinal sides of the pallet there are removable side boards installed in the swivel, and they have a height of 300 or 400 mm, depending on the height of manufactured bolts. Close to the sides, which are located in the zone of location of the auxiliary bearing elements of the bolt, there are removable liners with a lifting loop and removable liners. Partitions are installed between the dividing element and the sides, depending on the length of the bolt with thermal inserts.EFFECT: technical result of the proposed invention is the ability to industrially produce a bolt with thermal breaks of the framework of a prefabricated monolithic building with the exception of the possibility of cracking in the connecting elements when removing stress in prestressed reinforcement and violation of straightness of the lateral surface of the auxiliary bearing element facing the facade of the building.4 cl, 34 dwg

Description

The proposal relates to the field of production of building structures and can be used in the manufacture of a crossbar with thermal liners of a prefabricated monolithic building frame.

Thermoform for the manufacture of linear prestressed reinforced concrete structures of frame buildings - columns and crossbars, which consists of a prestressed power section over the cross-section, is taken as an analogue of a thermoform for preparing linear and flat prestressed precast reinforced concrete structures of frame buildings (Patent No. RU 2591998 Victor Kevorkov). compartment, on top of which an independent thermal tray with inlet and outlet pipes for formwork and heat treatment without At the ends, the thermoform contains stationary power stops, the first and second, fixed to the ends of the power stop, where a movable power stop and a power mechanism for moving the movable power stop are installed on the site behind the second power stop. have grooves for prestressing reinforcement in three levels along the height of the stop, where the first level is located in the upper part, the second in the middle part and the third in the lower part of the stops, at the very bottom of the power compartment. In the movable power support, the grooves for prestressed reinforcement are located only in two levels - in the upper and average, these levels are located above the level of the thermal tray and are used for the manufacture of prestressed reinforced concrete structures of frame buildings, and the grooves of the lower level are designed to accommodate the prestressed reinforcement of the power compartment and creating prestress in it. For the manufacture of linear prestressed reinforced concrete structures of frame buildings - columns, all power stops, fixed and movable, are made constant in width and height of section. For the manufacture of linear reinforced concrete structures - crossbars, in which to create tension bars in different thermoforms with different levels of prestressing, all power stops are made of variable section height, where the smaller section is located in the grooves of the upper level of power stops, where the tensioned reinforcement is compressed crossbar zones, and a larger thickness section takes place in the grooves of the average level of power stops, where, respectively, the prestressed reinforcing bars of the extended crossbar zone are located I and the power compartment.

For the prototype of the pallet for molding the crossbar with thermal liners, stands for the molding of prestressed crossbars and beams developed at ZAO Rekon (V. A. Shembakova "Prefabricated and monolithic frame house building" edition 2, Cheboksary, 2005, p. 118 -119).

On these stands it is possible to produce crossbars with a width of up to 400 mm, a height of 300, 400 mm.

The stand consists of a reinforced concrete base capable of absorbing the force from the voltage in the strands f 12 k-7 GOST 13840-68. On top of the reinforced concrete base is the upper part of the stand heated by hot water at its temperature of 90 °. Hot water circulates through metal pipes, providing a temperature of the upper part of the stand up to 60 ° C. The surface of the stand is covered with a metal sheet on which metal pallets for two products with a length of 6000 mm and a width of manufactured products up to 400 mm are installed. A separating element is fixed in the center of the pallets.

The pallets are mounted on adjustable support beams that allow the pallets to be set, providing a non-flatness of 1 mm / mp. On the longitudinal sides of the pallets, removable side boards (300 × 6000 or 400 × 6000) are installed, which are used in the molding of crossbars of the corresponding height.

Pallets are installed along the longitudinal axis of the stand to the length necessary for the manufacture of a certain number of products.

At the end of the stand there is a beam with a comb, which serves to distribute the ropes along the height of the protective layer and vertically between each other, depending on the project.

The tension of the tensioned reinforcement by the piece, relieving tension in the tensioned reinforcement is group, with the help of hydraulic jacks.

After molding the crossbars on the stand, the isometric cover is laid using a special device, thus, the concrete is heated to obtain the design strength of the concrete crossbars.

Due to the fact that crossbars with thermal liners for a prefabricated monolithic building, structures should be installed around the perimeter of the object, and they should be erected enclosing structures, consisting of an outer facing layer and internal heat-insulating materials of various designs, it consists of a main bearing element reinforced with prestressing reinforcement located in the lower part of the main bearing element, and in parallel with the main bearing element, the auxiliary bearing element is located Reinforced by four rods periodic profile interconnected by annular connecting elements made of reinforcing bars in the form of annular elements connected to the rods and wire limb knitting end annular elements at 180 °. The main and auxiliary elements are interconnected by connecting elements with a width of 0.68 of the height of the hollow plates, a height equal to the height of the hollow plates, have a length of 0.568 ÷ 0.795 of the thickness of the hollow plates, the connecting elements are reinforced with reinforcing cages, consisting of four longitudinal rods of a periodic profile, interconnected ring connecting elements that are fixed with a knitting wire and bending the ends of the ring connecting elements at an angle of 180 °.

Between the main, auxiliary and connecting elements are thermal liners made of heat-insulating materials with a volume weight of 35 ÷ 200 kg / m ³ , which can significantly reduce heat loss through the crossbar body.

A similar crossbar design causes a complication in their manufacture. With the simultaneous manufacture of the main, auxiliary and connecting elements, when stress is removed in prestressing reinforcement, there is a likelihood of cracking in the connecting elements and a violation of the straightness of the side surface of the auxiliary bearing element facing the building facade.

To eliminate such defects, it becomes necessary to manufacture a crossbar in two stages. At the first stage, the main bearing element is made together with connecting elements and thermal liners, after the concrete strength is set, stress is relieved in the prestressing reinforcement of the main bearing element, and there is no possibility of cracking in the connecting elements. The bolt formed at this stage is removed from the stand and sent to a special stand for forming the auxiliary bearing element to obtain a rectilinear surface of the auxiliary bearing element facing the building facade.

The technical task is to develop a pallet for the manufacture of a crossbar with thermal liners of the frame of a prefabricated monolithic building, which allows to eliminate the occurrence of the above-mentioned defects while maintaining a reduction in labor and material costs and providing the ability to work in any weather conditions, mainly in regions related to severe climatic zones, with low negative temperatures in the winter, while reducing the time of work and ensuring the situation is straightforward STI surfaces crossbars on the front surfaces of buildings and structures.

The stated technical problem is achieved by the fact that the pallet for the manufacture of crossbars with thermal liners consists of four channels welded together by channels, which in turn are installed with a pitch of 150 ÷ 2000 mm, while a metal sheet 10–12 mm thick is welded to the channels by arc welding, and in the center of the pallet a dividing element is welded, which consists of metal sheets welded together by electric arc welding.

On the longitudinal sides of the pallet, removable side boards are installed, which are mounted in hinges, moreover, they have a height of 300 or 400 mm, depending on the height of the crossbars being manufactured.

Close to the sides, which are located in the area of the auxiliary supporting elements of the crossbar, there are removable liners with a lifting loop and removable liners.

Between the dividing element and the sides, depending on the length of the crossbar with thermal liners, partitions are installed. The distance between the dividing element of the pallet and the longitudinal sides must be at least 600 mm. This is the main condition for the manufacture of crossbars with thermal liners.

The essence of the proposal is illustrated by drawings, where:

The figure 1 shows a pallet for the manufacture of a crossbar with thermal liners in a perspective view;

Figure 2 - pallet for the manufacture of crossbars with thermal liners in plan with the installation of removable liners placed in the area of the auxiliary bearing element;

Figure 3 - pallet for the manufacture of crossbars with thermal liners in plan, with the installation of removable liners and thermal liners;

In figure 4 is a section aa of figure 3;

In figure 5 is a section bB of figure 3;

Figure 6 is a section bb of Figure 3;

In figure 7 is a pallet with the placement of crossbars with thermal liners in the process of their manufacture;

In figure 8 - node "A" of figure 7;

In figure 9 is a cross-section GG of figure 7;

In figure 10 is a section DD of figure 7;

Figure 11 is a cross-section EE of figure 7;

In figure 12 is a section MF of figure 7;

In figure 13 - a crossbar with thermal liners;

In figure 14 is a section ZZ of figure 7;

In figure 15 is a section II of figure 7;

In figure 16 is a section KK of figure 7;

In figure 17 - position 9 of figure 2;

Figure 18 is a view of the L-L of figure 17;

Figure 19 is a cross-section MM of figure 17;

In the figure 20 - the position of 38 figures 8, 9, 10 and 12;

In the figure 21 is a cross section HH of the figure 20;

In the figure 22 - position 39 of the figures 8, 9, 10 and 12;

In the figure 23 - position 40 of the figures 8, 9, 10 and 12;

The figure 24 is a cross section OO of figure 23;

In figure 25 - position 11 of figure 2;

In figure 26 is a section PP of figure 25;

In the figure 27 - the position of 73 figures 8, 9, 10 and 12;

Figure 28 is a section PP of Figure 27;

In the figure 29 - position 41;

In the figure 30 - position 42;

In figure 31 - position 16 of figure 16;

In figure 32 is a section CC of figure 31;

In figure 33 - position 56 of figure 8;

In figure 34 is a view of the TT of figure 33;

The pallet 1 for the manufacture of crossbars with thermal liners consists of four channels 2, which are welded together by channels 3, which in turn are installed with a step of 1500 ÷ 2000 mm. Metal channels 4 are welded to channels 2 and 3 by electric arc welding, 10–12 mm thick. In the center of the pallet 1, a dividing element 5 is welded, consisting of metal sheets 6 and 7, welded together by electric arc welding.

On the longitudinal sides of the pallet 1 mounted removable side boards 8, which are installed in the hinge joints 9 (not shown in the drawings). The sides 8 have a height of 300 or 400 mm, depending on the height of the crossbars being manufactured. The distance between the sides 8 and the separation element 5 should be at least 600 mm.

Close to the sides 8, which are located in the zone of location of the auxiliary supporting elements of the crossbar, removable liners 9 with a lifting loop 10 and removable liners 11 are installed.

Between the dividing element 5 and the sides 8, depending on the length of the crossbar with thermal liners, partitions 12 are installed.

Close to removable liners 9 and 11 are installed thermal liners 13 made of materials with a bulk weight of 35 ÷ 200 kg / m ³ . The length of the thermal liners 13 is equal to three dimensions of the width of the connecting elements, which is equal to 0.68 of the height of the hollow core, the width of the thermal liner 13 is equal to the distance between the main and auxiliary elements, the height of the thermal liner 13 is equal to the height of the main beam element.

Under the lower plane of the middle connecting elements, thermal liners 14 are installed, which are made of material with a bulk weight of 35 ÷ 200 kg / m ³ , the length of the thermal liner 14 is equal to the distance between the main and auxiliary elements, the width is equal to the width of the connecting element, the height is the difference between the height of the main bearing element and height of the auxiliary bearing element.

расстояния между основным и вспомогательным несущими элементами, высотой равной разнице между высотой основного и вспомогательного элемента элемента.A thermal liner 15 is installed under the lower plane of the extreme connecting element, which is made of material with a bulk weight of 35 ÷ 200 kg / m ³ , a length equal to the width of the connecting element, equal to

the distance between the main and auxiliary bearing elements, a height equal to the difference between the height of the main and auxiliary element of the element.

A concrete insert 17 is installed under the lower plane of the extreme connecting element between the removable liners 16 and the thermal liners 15 with geometric dimensions similar to the geometric dimensions of the thermal liner 15.

Between the thermal liners 13, 14 and 15 on the one hand and the separation element 5 on the other hand, the main supporting element 18 of the crossbar of rectangular cross section is placed. Along the perimeter of the main supporting element 18, a U-shaped frame 19 is installed, which consists of U-shaped rods 20, which are interconnected by rectilinear rods 21, welded to the rods 20 by spot welding. The ends of the U-shaped rods 20 are bent at an angle of 90 ° to each other.

The upper rods 22 of the frame 19 are not welded to the rods 20, they are fixed using a knitting wire.

In the lower part of the main bearing element 18 is located a prestressing reinforcement 23, which is made of strands f12 to-7 GOST (13840-69).

The tensile reinforcement 23 is located in two levels, three rods in each level, the number of tensile reinforcement 23 depends on the location of the crossbar in the building frame and the perceived load.

The position of the resultant of the force in the prestressing reinforcement 23 is 0.46 ÷ 0.5 of the height of the hollow core.

At the ends of the main supporting element 18, openings 24 are made, in which the ends 25 of the prestressing reinforcement 23 are located.

сетками 26, которые состоят из стержней 27, которые соединены между собой прямолинейными стержнями 28, привариваемые точечной сваркой.Openings 24 reinforced

nets 26, which consist of rods 27, which are interconnected by rectilinear rods 28, spot-welded.

U-shaped rods 29 are installed along the longitudinal axis of the main supporting element 18, which pass through the entire section of the element 18 and prestressed reinforcement 23 is located between the vertical sections of the U-shaped rods 29.

Above the removable elements 11 and thermal liners 14 are located the middle connecting elements 30.

Above the removable elements 16, thermal liners 15 and concrete inserts 17 are the extreme connecting elements 31.

The extreme connecting elements are shorter than the middle connecting elements, due to the fact that the extreme connecting elements have an intersection with the opening 24.

The extreme and middle connecting elements are reinforced with reinforcing cages 32, which consist of 4 longitudinal rods 33 connected by annular connecting elements 34, which are fixed by knitting wire and bends of the ends of the annular connecting elements 34 by 180 °.

The end surfaces of the extreme and middle connecting elements have a corrugated surface 35 in the form of protrusions and depressions, and the ends 36 of the longitudinal reinforcement 33 of the frames 32 protrude from the end of the connecting elements 30 and 31.

U-shaped rods 37 are installed on the reinforcing cages 32 of the extreme connecting elements 31, which protrude above the surface of the elements 31 by an amount not less than the height limited by the highest void point of the floor slabs supported on the crossbar.

At the ends 36 of the longitudinal reinforcement 33 of the frames 32 of the end 31 and middle 30 of the connecting elements, inserts 38 are made of elastically compressible or easily destructive material, for example polystyrene with a volume weight of 10-15 kg / m ³ , which provide a corrugated end surface on the connecting elements 31 and 30. Behind the inserts 38, plates 39 are installed which provide a strictly predetermined position of the inserts 38.

On the removable liners 11 between the liners 9, a latch 40 of the position of the ends 36 of the longitudinal reinforcement 33 of the frames 32 of the connecting elements 30 and 31 is installed. On the removable liners 16 are installed the latches of the ends of the longitudinal rods 41 and 42.

Between the clamps 40 (41 and 42) and the plate 39 there is a wedge stop with a lifting loop, which provides a strictly defined position of the insert 38 for the formation of a corrugated surface 35 on the end of the connecting elements 30 and 31.

For fastening the thermal liners 14 and 15 in the crossbar body, the anchors 43 are installed in them, the thermal liners 13, 14 and 15 are connected to each other using studs 44. Anchor 45 is installed in the concrete liners 17.

The inserts 38 are provided with 4 round holes 46, which are necessary to install the inserts 38 on the ends 36 of the longitudinal reinforcement 33 of the connecting elements 30 and 31.

The plates 39 are provided with a device 4 of round holes 47, which are necessary for installing the plates 39 on the ends 36 of the longitudinal reinforcement 33 of the connecting elements 30 and 31.

The removable liners 9 have a length equal to three dimensions of the width of the connecting elements equal to 0.68 of the height of the hollow slabs, the width of the liners 9 is equal to the width of the auxiliary bearing elements, the height of the liners 9 is equal to the height of the main bearing element.

The liners 9 are a welded structure of metal sheets 48, 49 and 50. Corners 51 are welded to the sheets 48 in the lower part, which are interconnected by plastics 52.

U-shaped metal plates 53 with two holes 54 with a thread 55 are welded to the upper plate 52 for mounting the L-shaped elements 56, which are made of metal rods of rectangular cross section, fixed to the sheet 50 with two bolts. In the plate 52 through the holes 57 mounted lifting loop 10.

The cavity of the liner 9 is filled with concrete mixture, which ensures a snug fit of the liner 9 to the pallet 1.

L-shaped element 56 provides a snug fit of the liner 9 to the side 8 and prevents the rise of the thermal liner 13 when forming products.

In the case of insufficiently snug fit of the liners 9 to the pallet 1, it is possible to install magnets in the lower part of the liners 9, which will provide a more snug fit of the liners 9 to the pallet 1.

The insert 11 has a length equal to the distance between the lower parts of the elements 9, a width equal to the width of the auxiliary supporting elements, a height equal to the difference between the height of the main bearing element and the height of the auxiliary bearing element. The insert 11 is a welded structure of metal sheets in the form of a box-shaped element, consisting of metal sheets 58, 59 and 60 with a tubular element 61 installed between the sheets 59, which performs the function of a lifting device when installing and moving the insert 11.

The removable element 11 is filled with concrete mixture, which provides a more snug fit of the liner 11 to the pallet 1.

To remove the crossbar with thermal liners 62 from the pallet, two lifting loops 63 are installed in it.

Fastening of the L-shaped elements 56 to the sheet 50 is carried out by bolts 64, which are fixed in the thread 55 of the holes 54 of the U-shaped elements 53.

In the L-shaped elements 56, two holes 65 are made in which the clips 66 are installed (not shown in the drawings), which makes it possible to ensure the design position of the thermal liners 13, 14 and 15.

The end position of the longitudinal rods of the reinforcing cages of the connecting elements 40 consists of a trapezoidal metal plate 67 of a thickness of 15 mm, which provides a protective layer of concrete equal to 15 mm to the end of the longitudinal rods of the reinforcing cages of the connecting elements, a lifting plate 68 is welded to the plate 67, and two metal plates 69 are 10 mm thick wedge-shaped, plates 69 are welded together by plates 70 and 71, and plates 70 and 71 are arc-welded to a metal plate 67.

In the lower part, a closed profile 72 is welded to the plate 67, with a height equal to the distance from the lower surface of the auxiliary supporting element to the lower surface of the ends 36 of the longitudinal rods of the reinforcing cages of the connecting elements.

The wedge-shaped stop 73 consists of two wedge-shaped plates 74 to which metal plates 75 and 76 are welded by electric arc welding. Between the plates 74, 75 and 76 in the upper part of the wedge-shaped stop, a plate 77 is installed in the horizontal plane, which is welded around the entire perimeter by electric arc welding to the plates 74 , 75 and 76.

A lifting loop 78 is welded to the plate 77 by electric arc welding.

At the ends of the crossbar 62 in the places of installation of the partitions 12, the clamps 40 on one side of the plate 67 have an inclined surface, and on the other hand, in contact with the partition 12, they have a vertical side.

The closed profile 72 also has an inclined end and a vertical end facing the partition 12.

The latch 40 mounted on the left side of the crossbar 62 is marked 41, and the latch mounted on the right side of the crossbar 62 is marked 42.

The removable insert 11 at the points of its installation at the ends of the crossbar 62 in the places of its contact with the partitions 12 should have an inclined end part on one side, and a vertical end part on the other hand, removable inserts 11 with a vertical end part are marked 16.

Before stress relief in the prestressing reinforcement 23 from the pallet 1, removable liners 9 having stripping slopes are removed, when the longitudinal sides 8 are moved from a vertical position to an inclined position to an inclined position, conditions are created for the free removal of removable liners 9, thereby creating conditions under which efforts in the connecting elements 30 and 31, when relieving stress in the prestressing reinforcement 23, thereby eliminating the conditions for the formation of cracks in the connecting elements 30 and 31

Claims (4)

1. The pallet for the manufacture of crossbars with thermal liners consists of four channels, welded together by channels, which in turn are installed with a pitch of 1500 ÷ 2000 mm, while a metal sheet 10–12 mm thick is welded to the channels by arc welding, and welded in the center of the pallet separation element, which consists of metal sheets welded together by electric arc welding. 2. The pallet according to claim 1, characterized in that on the longitudinal sides of the pallet removable side boards are installed, which are mounted in articulated joints, moreover, they have a height of 300 or 400 mm depending on the height of the crossbars being manufactured. 3. The pallet according to claim 1, characterized in that close to the sides, which are located in the area of the auxiliary supporting elements of the crossbar, there are removable liners with a lifting loop and removable liners. 4. The pallet according to claim 1, characterized in that between the separating element and the sides, depending on the length of the crossbar with thermal liners, partitions are installed, and the distance between the separating element of the pallet and the longitudinal sides should be at least 600 mm.

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