RU2121920C1 - Concrete product plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction materials industry. SUBSTANCE: concrete product plant includes concrete mixing, fixture-furnishing and moulding shops and stock-room, set for generation and circulation of heat transfer and cooling agents connected by means of pipe-lines to thermal moulds. Moulding shop has manufacturing line with stations to supply concrete in hopper, o lay concrete mixture in sealed thermal mould and to treat concrete with high temperature Fixture- furnishing shop is located perpendicular to moulding one. Bearing structures of its ceiling carry set for generation and circulation of heat transfer and cooling agents that is equipped with no-load pipe-line system. Moulding shop is provided with hopper- collector to warm up concrete mixture and industrial truck with hopper-concrete distributor positioned under it which communicate with heat transfer and cooling agents pipe-lines. Thermal moulds are placed permanently below level of movement of industrial trucks. EFFECT: increased productivity and expanded manufacturing capabilities of moulding shops. 1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the construction materials industry, in particular to precast factories.

 There are various designs of factories of reinforced concrete products with different layouts of the main and auxiliary workshops.

 The closest in technical essence is the plant of reinforced concrete products, which contains a reinforcing and assembly shop, a concrete mixing shop, a molding shop and a finished goods warehouse, while the plant uses hermetic thermoforms with covers. In addition, the plant contains an installation for the production and circulation of high-temperature coolant and cold coolant or refrigerant, connected by pipelines to thermoforms.

 The molding workshop contains production lines with vehicles and crane equipment. Manufacturing of products is also carried out in the above-ground execution of basic operations (E.G. Kazakov. High-temperature heat treatment of dilicate concrete in closed molding equipment, Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1973, pp. 102-103, 125-132, 143-159).

 The objective of the invention is to increase productivity and expand the technological capabilities of the molding shops.

 This problem is solved by the fact that at the plant of reinforced concrete products, consisting of concrete mixing, reinforcing and packaging, molding workshops and a finished product warehouse, an installation for receiving and circulating coolant and refrigerant connected by piping lines with thermoforms, while the molding workshop includes a production line with posts feeding into the hopper and laying concrete mixture in a hermetic thermoform and high-temperature processing of concrete, the reinforcement and assembly shop is located perpendicular to the molding the shop, on the supporting structures of the coating of which there is a unit for receiving and circulating coolant and refrigerant, which is equipped with an idle piping system, the molding shop is equipped with a storage hopper for heating the concrete mixture and a transport trolley located underneath it with a hopper concrete distributor in communication with the coolant and refrigerant pipelines and thermoforms are placed below the level of movement of transport trolleys stationary.

 In addition, at the factory of reinforced concrete products, the storage hopper can be equipped with a mixer and contain internal and external heat compartments with inlet and outlet pipes for circulation of the coolant and refrigerant, respectively, and the outlet pipe for the refrigerant can have an adjustable valve.

 In the plant under consideration, the presence of a picking shop combined with a reinforcing one provides this shop with two properties at the same time - a workshop for the assembly of technological transport trolleys of the molding workshops and a workshop for the production of reinforcing products.

 In addition, in the design of a post for high-temperature processing of concrete, the central pipeline supply line for the coolant to the thermoforms, which has the functions of a transport line, acquires the property of a heater and the accumulator of concrete mixtures in the storage hopper system, and the storage hopper itself in the presence of an external and internal thermal compartment with an adjustable gate valve at the outlet pipe and by adjusting the rate of exit of the coolant, it acquires the property of a temperature controller for mixing concrete th mixture.

 In FIG. 1 - 3 shows a schematic design of the plant with the equipment of the shops with the necessary equipment. Moreover, in FIG. 1 shows a plant plan at the top of the storage hopper, the construction of which is shown in section in FIG. 3, and section AA (FIG. 2) of the plant plan is made up to a mark above the top of the coating of the molding workshop.

 The plant of reinforced concrete products consists of molding workshops 1 (see figure 1), which are located perpendicular to the assembly (reinforcing) workshops 2, concrete mixing shop 3 and the finished product warehouse 4. Shops 2, 4 are equipped with electric bridge cranes 5, and molding shops 1 are equipped technological transport trolleys 6, and at the mark of transport concrete supply lines from workshop 3, with storage bins 7 for heating the concrete mixture (see figures 1 and 2). For the import from workshop 2 to workshop 1 of the necessary complete equipment with materials for technological transport trolleys, as well as for the export of finished reinforced concrete products from workshop 1 to warehouse 4, reinforced concrete tracks 8 and 9 with transport trolleys are provided (trolleys not shown). The arrows on the plant plan (see Fig. 1) show the direction of expansion of the plant's production, if necessary, its further development.

 For the manufacture of reinforced concrete products in the molding shops 1, thermoforms 10 with covers are stationary located (see figure 2). On the supporting structures of the coating 11 of workshop 1, posts 12 for high-temperature processing of concrete are placed, including a container for heated coolant 13, a pump 14, which supplies coolant through the furnace 15 to the central pipe line 16 for supplying the heated coolant to thermoforms 10. The idle pipeline system of the high-temperature installation is not shown here. processing of concrete, necessary for cases of technological interruptions in production, in which the coolant from the tank 13 is pumped 14 and into the furnace 15, where, when heated, rotates into the container 13.

 The location on the floor of the shop 1 post with equipment for high-temperature processing of concrete is rational from the standpoint of saving production space, efficient circulation of the coolant, fire safety and sound insulation.

 The storage hopper 7, being an element of the central pipeline line 16, is connected to it through the valves 17 -19. At the same time, the hopper 7 itself consists of internal 20 and external 21 thermal compartments (see Fig. 3), to which through the inlet 22 and 23 and the outlet 24 and 25 the pipes supply and output, respectively, cold X and heated T coolants.

 An adjustable valve 26 is installed on the outlet pipe 24 of the cold coolant X. For circulation of the cold coolant X through the compartment 20 of the hopper 7, the post for high-temperature processing of concrete has an additional small-capacity pump. For mixing during heating of the concrete mixture, the hopper-accumulator 7 is equipped with a mixer 27 (see figure 3), and for dispensing an already heated mixture in the hopper-concrete dispenser of the technological transport trolley (2) with a shutter 28.

 Figure 2 does not show transport lines for supplying cold concrete mixes from the concrete mixing plant 3 to the storage hopper 7.

 The plant of reinforced concrete products operates as follows.

 The manufacture of reinforced concrete products in the molding shops 1 are carried out in groups "A" and "B". Start with the thermoform group "A". Before starting, the thermoforms of this group 10 are dismantled, the finished and reinforced concrete products are transported and loaded onto export carts using technological transport carts 6. During this time, in the picking shops 2 at special sites they complete the necessary equipment with materials (bunkers) in certain containers (bunkers) technological transport trolleys for single-shift operation), which on trolleys along ruts 8 (see Fig. 1) are fed to workshop 1. There, the finished sets are attached to a platform with technological grips 6 FIR transport trolleys (2). Only after completing these trolleys, preparatory work begins with the thermoform group “A”, which includes cleaning the thermoforms 10, assembling them, lubricating the formwork surface and reinforcing the manufactured reinforced concrete products. Moreover, the thermoform lubricant is more saturated, given the further heating of the thermoform before concreting.

 At the end of the preparatory work from the concrete mixing plant 3 through the transport lines to the storage hopper 7 serves cold concrete mixes. At the same time, the post for high-temperature processing of concrete is included in the operating mode. It should be noted that in general, for example, its two operating modes of heating the heat carrier are rational. In the first mode, the installation works with constant heating of the circulated coolant to the maximum heating temperature of concrete mixtures (i.e., for example, include part of the gas burners of the furnace 15), in the second mode of heating, the coolant temperature is increased to the temperature of the isothermal heating of concrete in the heat treatment mode (include all burners oven 15). Other heating modes are also possible.

 When the first mode of heating the coolant of the installation for high-temperature concrete processing is turned on for heating concrete mixtures, its idle pipeline system is turned off, and the pipeline system 16 for supplying the heated coolant T to the thermoforms 10 is turned on. The heated coolant is fed through the storage hopper 7, opening the valves 17 , 18 and closing the valve 19 (see figure 2). Then it enters the input manifolds of the thermoform 10, where, in order to ensure uniform temperature rise, the coolant from the additional high-pressure system simultaneously enters. In other words, the preliminary heating of concrete mixtures in the storage hopper 7 is performed while heating the thermoforms to the same temperature. Moreover, only the thermal tray and the thermoforms are heated. This will eliminate the heat loss of heated concrete mixtures during concreting.

 When you turn on the operating mode of the storage hopper 7, the heated coolant from the system 16 enters through the pipe 23 into its external thermal compartment 21 (see figure 3), where at the same time through the inlet pipe 22 to the internal thermal compartment 20 serves cool coolant X, the exit speed which regulate the adjusting valve 26.

 Warming up the hopper 7 is carried out while simultaneously entering from the shop 3 and mixing with a mixer 27 concrete mixes. By adjusting the valve 26 of the exit speed of the cold coolant X from the heat compartment 20, the rate of rise of the temperature of the mixed concrete to the desired temperature (3) is controlled.

 At the end of preparation of heated concrete mixtures, the technological transport trolley 6 is fitted under the storage hopper 7, the shutter 28 is opened, and the heated concrete mix is unloaded into the hopper-distributor of this trolley, with which further concreting of thermoforms of group A 10 is performed. When concreting with the appropriate equipment of technological transport trolleys 6, the surface is compacted and smoothed out.

 After concreting, the thermoforms 10 open the valve 19, close the valves 17, 18 and the heated coolant continues to enter the piping system 16, only bypassing the storage hopper 7. In this case, the coolant X continues to circulate through the internal heat compartment 20 of the hopper 7 until it is completely cooled, after whereby the additional pump and valve 26 are turned off. Next, the hopper 7 is cleaned and washed for further work.

 At this time, the thermoforms 10 are rigidly covered with a thermal cover, to which a heated heat carrier is supplied through a corresponding pipe. After that, the installation for high-temperature processing of concrete is switched to the second heating medium heating mode and heat treatment of concrete of manufactured reinforced concrete products in group A thermoforms is started by constant circulation of the high-temperature coolant through the thermoform compartments and its subsequent return through the central pipeline system to remove the coolant from the thermoform to the tank 13 In this case, the rate of temperature rise of the concrete heat treatment mode is provided by adjusting the feed rate cold pressurized coolant inlet header 10 termoform.

 Thus, the heat carrier circulation system for heating a real installation for high-temperature concrete processing ultimately provides for the simultaneous preliminary heating of thermoforms and cold concrete mixtures to the same temperature, as well as the heat treatment of concrete of manufactured products.

 After the inclusion of high-temperature processing of concrete products in thermoforms of group "A", they begin to manufacture reinforced concrete products in thermoforms of group "B". Moreover, the preparatory work in this group of thermoforms should be close in time to the duration of the heat treatment of concrete (periods of temperature rise and isothermal heating) of the thermoform group "A", which ensures the continuity of the installation for high-temperature processing of concrete in operating modes of heating.

 Upon termination of the isothermal heating of the concrete, the products of the thermoform group “A” close and open the corresponding gate valves of the high-temperature concrete processing station, and the coolant circulation system is switched to heating group thermoform “B” with the second heating medium switched to the first.

 At the same time, for the first group of thermoforms “A”, a coolant circulation system is included for cooling in order to withstand a predetermined cooling period for the heat treatment mode of these reinforced concrete products.

 In the group of thermoforms “B”, similarly to group “A”, concreting and heat treatment of concrete are performed.

 Given the constant duration of the periods of heat treatment of concrete for specific manufactured products, the duration of other technological operations (stripping and loading of finished reinforced concrete products, preparatory work and concreting) should take into account the continuity of production of products sequentially from one group of thermoforms "A" to another "B" and vice versa using simultaneously two technological transport trolleys 6 and two gauges 9 for the export of finished products (see figure 1). It is also possible to arrange in one span of workshop 1 symmetrically with respect to the central vertical pipeline supply line for the coolant 16, two storage bins 7, in which the concrete mixtures are preheated simultaneously and unloaded into two technological transport trolleys 6. All this will determine the number of stationary thermoforms in the molding shop 1, its power and dimensions.

 Based on this, the cooling time of reinforced concrete products of thermoform group “A” should approach time in time to the duration of concreting of products of thermoform group “B”, where after switching on the heat treatment of concrete of this group, the coolant circulation system for cooling of thermoform group “A” is turned off. Next, thermoforms are dismantled and finished reinforced concrete products are transported and stacked on carts for the removal of products. It is planned to export reinforced concrete products to warehouse 4 by the beginning and by the end of each shift along ruts 9 (see figure 1) simultaneously from all shops 1, hooking one cart to another.

 Estimated turnover of thermoforms in workshops 1 - one revolution in one shift.

 The use of the considered design of the plant of reinforced concrete products provides efficiency in the following areas.

 1. The availability of special picking workshops for the assembly of technological transport trolleys in the molding shops expands the capabilities of the latter and allows for the most mechanized and automated overhead execution of basic technological operations. This reduces the time of manufacturing reinforced concrete products, increases the turnover of thermoforms and the productivity of molding workshops.

 2. The location on the load-bearing structures of the coating of the molding workshops of plants for the high-temperature processing of concrete allows to maximize the saving of the production areas of both the plant and the workshops themselves, as well as efficiently from the standpoint of coolant circulation, fire safety and sound insulation.

 3. The presence in the Central pipeline of the coolant to the thermoforms of the proposed storage hopper allows you to effectively warm up cold concrete mixtures immediately before laying them in thermoforms. Moreover, the design of the storage hopper ensures the performance of any given heating of concrete mixtures. All this greatly expands the capabilities of both the installation for high-temperature processing of concrete and the molding workshop.

 4. Preheating of sealed thermoforms and laying in them of preheated concrete mixtures contribute to a significant acceleration of concrete hardening, especially using high-temperature heat treatment, which reduces the manufacturing process and increases the productivity of workshops.

 5. The presence in the installation for high-temperature concrete processing of an idle pipeline system allows not to stop this installation in case of technological interruptions in production and use the heated coolant at this moment for various other purposes.

 6. The rational relative position of the main molding and picking workshops takes into account the possibility of further expansion of production, where, together with an increase in the number of molding shops, the picking shops are lengthened.

 7. The design of the installation for high-temperature processing of concrete allows you to transfer its control to full automation using computer systems.

Claims (2)

 1. A plant for reinforced concrete products, consisting of a concrete mixing, reinforcing, molding, molding workshops and a finished product warehouse, an installation for receiving and circulating coolant and refrigerant connected by pipelines with thermoforms, while the molding workshop includes a production line with feed points to the hopper and stacking concrete mixture in a hermetic thermoform and high-temperature processing of concrete, characterized in that the reinforcing and picking shop is located perpendicular to the molding shop, on On the other side of the coating constructions, the installation for receiving and circulating coolant and refrigerant is located, which is equipped with an idle piping system, the molding workshop is equipped with a storage hopper for heating the concrete mixture and a transport trolley located below it with a concrete hopper connected to the coolant and refrigerant pipelines, and thermoforms stationary below the level of movement of transport trolleys.  2. The plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the storage hopper is equipped with a stirrer and contains internal and external heat compartments with inlet and outlet nozzles for circulation of the coolant and refrigerant, respectively, and the outlet nozzle for the refrigerant has an adjustable valve.

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