RU2671240C2 - Overhead communication cable - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cable industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the cable industry and can be used in the construction of communication cables and electronic equipment. Overhead communication cable is provided, comprising sheath (3), a core enclosed in a sheath and containing 1÷100 pairs of conductors (1) provided with insulation, and at least one power element (4) of a dielectric material, wherein the power member is formed of a material selected from the group consisting of aramid yarns, kevlar yarns, polyamide yarns, glass filaments having longitudinal packing in the power member, or longitudinally laid at least one glass-reinforced plastic rod, and/or a combination thereof, the power element being parallel to the conductive strands and/or being located under the cable sheath.

EFFECT: invention provides an increase in the reliability of the cable, which increases the reliability of communication.

9 cl, 14 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the cable industry and can be used in the construction of communication cables and electronic equipment, and used in the manufacture of cables for subscriber broadband networks, traditional telephone networks, Internet telephony, multi-channel digital television, structured cable systems, distance learning, video telephony, systems security alarm systems, video surveillance systems, when operating on urban, corporate, rural and similar communication networks, including those using mations transmission systems of digital subscriber line (xDSL).

State of the art

When establishing communication between different points, the overhead lines of low-pair and multi-pair communication cables are mounted on an external steel power element on supports using fasteners.

A communication cable with a cable is known, comprising at least two insulated conductive conductors in a sheath, above which parallel to the conductive conductors there is a cable in a sheath that is connected to the cable sheath by a jumper (or without it), characterized in that the cable is made in the form of steel twisted together galvanized wires with a diameter of 0.3 to 1.0 mm, and the cable sheath, jumper and cable sheath are made in one technological operation and represent a single design (utility model of the Russian Federation No. 127240).

A disadvantage of the known cable is the negative effect of a metal cable on frequency characteristics, such as signal delay time, asymmetry attenuation at the near end, asymmetry attenuation at the far end, transient attenuation at the near end, transient attenuation of the total power of influence at the near end, security at far end for any combination of pairs, protection from the total power effect at the far end, attenuation of reflection, working capacitance, etc.

Known telephone electric communication cable having a continuous polyethylene insulation of cores, a screen made of aluminum-polymer tape, a polyethylene sheath, with a built-in cable (according to GOST 31943-2012 "Telephone cables with polyethylene insulation in a plastic sheath"). This cable has a cable made of steel or steel galvanized wires.

Known electrical communication cable for broadband access circuits, having a continuous polyethylene or two-three-layer film-porous-polyethylene insulation of cores, a screen made of aluminum-polymer tape, a polyethylene sheath, a cable and an outer protective hose made of polyethylene (according to GOST R 53538-2009 "Multiple cables with copper wires for broadband access circuits. ”) This cable has a cable made of steel or steel galvanized wires.

Known electrical communication cable of symmetrical twisting, having a continuous polyethylene or two-three-layer film-porous-film insulation of conductors, a screen of aluminum-polymer tape or without it and a polyethylene sheath (according to GOST R 54429-2011 "Communication cables symmetrical for digital transmission systems") . According to GOST, a cable design for suspension on the supports of overhead communication lines is not provided.

The disadvantages of the known cables are:

1. The need for additional installation of the grounding device of the steel power element.

2. Carrying out additional work on the cable tension, since as a result of operation, the sag increases due to the large weight of the load-bearing power element (cable).

3. Significant weight of the steel power element (cable) reduces the distance between the supports of the overhead communication lines.

4. During installation and operation, damage to the sheath is possible, as a result of which the cable from steel or galvanized wires is oxidized and the cable service life is reduced.

5. The need for more time for cable installation.

6. Low reliability (cable break) due to corrosion of the steel cable.

7. The steel cable degrades the frequency response of the cable, which adversely affects signal transmission.

The closest analogue of the invention is a telephone cable (RF patent for utility model RU 82921 U1, publ. 05/10/2009), consisting of a core comprising several conductive cores isolated by a polymer, twisted together in pairs, and then twisted into a core, and a polymer moisture-proof sheath, while copper conductive cores are made single-wire with a nominal diameter of 0.51 mm or 0.52 mm, the insulation is solid, and / or foamed, or from radially alternating named layers from a poly-based composition ethylene, and / or polypropylene, and / or its block copolymer, the isolated cores are twisted in pairs with agreed steps, the twisting steps of the pairs being individual, mutually non-multiple and not exceeding 35 mm, the pairs are twisted into elementary bundles containing no more than 4- x pairs that are twisted into a core or into main bundles, which, in turn, are twisted into a core. The cable contains a power element - a cable made of fiberglass or durable synthetic threads and located parallel to the aforementioned insulated cores. The cable and cable can be enclosed in an additional common sheath, and the cable is parallel to the central axis of the cable. At least two elementary bundles can be twisted around the cable in the core, or a common polymer sheath is additionally superimposed on top of the moisture protection sheath, which contains the cable placed in the said common sheath parallel to the central axis of the cable.

The disadvantages of the closest analogue include the fact that in the manufacture of the cable, if a power element is used in the form of a cable, air spaces remain in it, which leads to the appearance of “bubbles” in the shell during application of it on the extrusion line in the molten state, i.e. . the cable is damaged on the cable and it becomes unsuitable for operation. Typically, in the manufacture of a load-bearing power element in the form of a cable, the occurrence of such an undesirable effect is prevented by applying a varnish coating to the cable, which significantly increases the cost of the cable. It should also be noted that the presence of varnish on the cable impairs its adhesion to the sheath material. With longitudinal laying, such a negative effect is eliminated ("bubbles" on the shell do not form).

Disclosure of invention

The technical problem solved by the present invention is the elimination of the disadvantages of the above analogues, as well as the elimination of the disadvantages of the closest analogue.

The technical result achieved in the manufacture and use of the invention is to increase the reliability of the cable, which increases the reliability of communication, preventing line breakage, reduces cable stretching, since the stretching of dielectric power elements (aramid, Kevlar, polyamide filaments, glass fibers, fiberglass rods) is less than tensile steel or non-metallic cable, respectively, eliminates the need to eliminate cable slack between the supports.

The claimed communication cable suspension contains a shell, a core placed in the said shell and containing 1-5-100 pairs of copper conductors with a diameter of 0.40-5-1.20 mm, equipped with insulation, and at least one power element made of a dielectric material.

The above technical result is achieved due to the fact that the power element is not twisted, but formed by longitudinal laying of at least one component constituting the power element selected from the group including aramid yarns, Kevlar yarns, polyamide yarns, fiberglass yarns, fiberglass rods and / or a combination of the above elements, while the power element is parallel to the aforementioned insulated cores and / or is located in a layer under the cable sheath, so that this layer is partially or lnostyu covers the core or intermediate shell. When longitudinally laying yarns without twisting (or when longitudinally laying one yarn) or when longitudinally laying fiberglass rods (two or more rods), such a negative effect as the formation of “bubbles” in the sheath is eliminated.

The suspension communication cable obtained in this way has a larger contact area between the shell and the power element, which improves their adhesion to the materials from which they are made; when applying the sheath material in the molten state, its penetration between the longitudinally laid threads of the power element is improved, therefore, the cable sheath is hardened; reduced material consumption (fiber length) in the manufacture of a power element, due to the exclusion of twisting; the flexibility of the carrier increases.

In addition to the above advantages of the claimed invention, it has all the advantages of cables with a dielectric power element, namely, grounding of the power element is not required, it is possible to increase the distance between the supports, by reducing the weight of the cable; increase in cable service life due to the resistance of the dielectric power element to adverse climatic conditions. In the case of a monolithic design, cable installation is accelerated and simplified due to improved cable cutting. A cable with a dielectric power element improves the frequency characteristics of the cable (signal delay time, asymmetry attenuation at the near end, protection against asymmetry attenuation at the far end, transient attenuation at the near end, transient attenuation of the total power of influence at the near end, protection at the far end for any combination steam, protection from the total power, influence at the far end, attenuation of reflection, working capacity, etc.)

Brief Description of the Drawings The invention is illustrated by the drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a cable in which the conductive conductors and the power element are inside one (unified) sheath, while the conductive conductors are located in a part of the shell having the shape of a tube, and the power element in the part of the sheath connected by a jumper to the mentioned tube.

In FIG. 2 shows a cable in which the conductive conductors and one power element are located inside a single sheath, while the conductive conductors are located in a part of the shell having the shape of a tube.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows a cable in which the power element is located under the cable sheath, completely covering the pairs of conductive conductors.

In FIG. 4 shows a cable in which the power element is located under the cable sheath, completely covering the intermediate sheath.

In FIG. 5 shows a cable with two power elements located in a monolithic sheath filling all the voids of the cable.

In FIG. 6 shows a cable in which the power element completely covers the pairs of conductive conductors and is located under a monolithic sheath that fills all the voids of the cable.

In FIG. 7 shows a cable in which a pair of conductive conductors and a power element are located in parallel and are inside one monolithic sheath, filling all the voids of the cable.

In FIG. Figure 8 shows a cable in which the power element partially covers the conductive conductors and is located under a monolithic sheath that fills all the voids of the cable.

In FIG. Figure 9 shows a cable with three power elements, in which the first power element completely covers the conductive conductors, and the other two power elements are spaced diametrically opposite to the longitudinal axis of the cable and are in a monolithic sheath filling all the voids of the cable.

In FIG. 10 shows a cable having a pair of conductive cores, and the power elements are located in a layer under the sheath and in the sheath of the cable.

In FIG. 11 shows a cable with four power elements located in the cable sheath.

In FIG. 12 shows a cable with a sheath of a flat shape and with two power elements.

In FIG. 13 shows a cable with a flat sheath, with one power element. In FIG. 14 shows graphs of testing a cable with a steel cable (prototype) and a cable with a dielectric power element according to the invention. In the drawings, the positions indicated:

1 - conductive core, mainly copper.

2 - insulation of the conductive core is solid and / or semi-air, and / or porous, and / or film-porous, and / or film-porous-film made of a polymeric material (polyethylene (low, medium or high pressure), cross-linked polyethylene, foamed polyethylene , polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, silicone rubber, rubber, polyurethane, ftoroplast, etc.).

3 - shell (polyethylene (low, medium or high pressure), foamed polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, crosslinked polyethylene, fluoroplastic, rubber, silicone rubber, polyurethane, material with reduced flammability and reduced fire hazard).

The implementation of the invention

In the drawings, the positions indicate the elements forming the suspension communication cable:

1 - conductive core, mainly copper.

2 - insulation of the conductive core is solid and / or semi-air, and / or porous, and / or film-porous, and / or film-porous-film made of a polymeric material (polyethylene (low, medium or high pressure), cross-linked polyethylene, foamed polyethylene , polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, silicone rubber, rubber, polyurethane, ftoroplast, etc.).

3 - shell (polyethylene (low, medium or high pressure), foamed polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, crosslinked polyethylene, fluoroplastic, rubber, silicone rubber, polyurethane, material with reduced flammability and reduced fire hazard).

4 - power element (power elements) made of a dielectric material and formed from longitudinally laid (not twisted) threads or at least one fiberglass rod.

5 - shell jumper 3.

6 - an intermediate shell of polyethylene (low, medium or high pressure), and / or polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, and / or foamed polyethylene, and / or rubber, and / or silicone rubber, and / or cross-linked polyethylene, and / or polyurethane, and / or ftoroplast, and / or material of reduced combustibility and reduced fire hazard.

7 - polymer layer.

The invention is described by examples of private and specific cable designs.

The sheath 3 of the suspended communication cable is made in the form of a tube, or in the form of a tube with vacuum compression, or in the form of a monolithic sheath with filling all the voids of the cable. Shell 3 may be of any shape. The shell is made of a material selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, light stabilized polyethylene of low, medium or high pressure, crosslinked polyethylene, fluoroplastic, rubber, foamed polyethylene, polyurethane, silicone rubber, polyolefin, or a combination thereof. The shell 3 contains or consists of a material that does not propagate combustion in a group gasket, having one or more properties selected from the group consisting of reduced smoke emission during combustion and / or decay, reduced gas emission during combustion and / or decay, and no corrosion - active products of combustion and / or decay, low toxicity of products of combustion and / or decay, and fire resistance.

In one particular embodiment of the cable, it further comprises an intermediate sheath 6 for longitudinally laying on it threads or fiberglass rods forming a power element with a subsequent coating of the power element with sheath 3. The intermediate sheath 6 contains at least one layer of a material selected from the group including low, medium, or high pressure polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, foamed polyethylene, rubber, silicone rubber, crosslinked polyethylene, iuretan, PTFE, material of reduced combustibility and low flammability material.

The core placed in the shell 3 may contain 1 ÷ 100 pairs of copper conductive conductors 1 with a diameter of 0.40 ÷ 1.20 mm, enclosed in insulation.

Conducting copper conductors 1 can be multi-wire. The pitch of the conductive conductors 1 in pairs, in the particular form of the cable, is the same or different. At least two pairs of conductive conductors 1, in one of the particular forms of cable execution, can be twisted together, forming at least one elementary bundle. The step of twisting pairs of conductive conductors 1 in elementary bundles, in one of the particular forms of cable execution, is the same or different.

Insulation 2 of conductive conductors 1 is an insulation selected from the group including: continuous insulation, semi-air insulation, porous insulation, film-porous insulation, film-porous-film insulation of a polymeric material and a combination thereof.

Insulation 2 in the particular case of execution can be made of a polymer material selected from the group including low-pressure polyethylene, medium-pressure polyethylene, high-pressure polyethylene, foamed polyethylene, cross-linked polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, silicone rubber, rubber, polyurethane, fluoroplastic and combinations thereof . In addition, insulation 2 for different conductive conductors 1 may vary in color.

The core, in one particular embodiment of the cable, is twisted from the aforementioned pairs and / or from the elementary bundles of conductive conductors 1. The core, in another particular embodiment of the cable, consists of elementary bundles of conductive conductors 1 twisted around a central element. The central element, in particular, can be a cordule, or a pair of conductive conductors 1, or an elementary bundle of conductive conductors 1, or a pair of conductive conductors 1, enclosed in an additional shell.

The power element 4 or two or more power elements 4 are made of a dielectric material selected from the group: aramid yarns, Kevlar yarns, polyamide yarns, glass yarns, fiberglass rods and / or combinations of the above. The elements forming the power element are longitudinally laid (without twisting). The power element or power elements are located parallel to the insulated conductive conductors at a certain distance to them and / or can be arranged as a layer under the cable sheath, so that this layer partially or completely covers the mentioned conductive conductors. The power element 4, in particular cable forms, can be laid between the sheath 3 and said intermediate sheath 6 with a layer covering it in whole or in part.

In particular forms of cable execution, it further comprises a film, preferably from a material selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate. Said film, in one particular embodiment of the cable, covers the aforementioned core and / or the pairs of conductive pairs 1 and / or the aforementioned elementary bundles.

In one particular embodiment of the cable, it further comprises a shield, protects the aforementioned core, and / or the aforementioned pairs, and / or the aforementioned elementary bundles. The screen may be made of a material selected from the group including aluminum tape, aluminum polymer tape, aluminum flex tape, copper wires, tinned copper wires and combinations thereof, and may be equipped with a tinned copper drainage core.

In one of the private forms of the cable, it additionally contains water-blocking elements selected from the group including tape, film, thread, powder, hydrophobic filling and combinations thereof.

In one of the private forms of the cable, it additionally contains identification elements, in particular, a tape and / or thread.

The power element 4 is laid in the cable sheath 3 in one place, as shown in FIG. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 13.

In FIG. 1, the power element 4 and the conductive conductors 1 are located inside the same shell 3 and are interconnected by a jumper 5 made of the same material as the material of the aforementioned shell 3. The sheath of the conductive conductors 1 and the power element and the jumper 5 are made entirely in one technological operation.

In FIG. 2 conductive conductors and a power element are located inside one (single) shell 3 that does not have a jumper, while the power element 4 is located at a distance from the conductive conductors 1. A shell 3 that does not have a jumper can be performed in a single technological operation.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows a cable in which the power element is made of longitudinally laid threads (one thread) or longitudinally laid fiberglass rods (fiberglass rods), is located under the cable sheath in such a way that it completely covers (covers) pairs of conductive wires 1, in contact with their insulation 2 .

In FIG. 4 shows a cable, in which the power element 4 is made of longitudinally laid threads (one thread) or longitudinally laid fiberglass rods (fiberglass rods), is located as a layer under the sheath 3 of the cable, concentrically to the outer surface of the sheath 3, above the intermediate sheath 6, completely covering it.

In FIG. 6 shows a cable in which the power element is made in the form of a layer of longitudinally laid yarns or longitudinally laid fiberglass rods, located under a monolithic sheath that fills all the voids of the cable in such a way that the power element completely covers (covers) pairs of conductive conductors 1, in contact with them insulation 2.

In FIG. 7, the conductive conductors and the power element are located inside one (single) sheath 3, which does not have a bridge, while the power element 4 and the pairs of conductive conductors 1 coated with a polymer layer 7 are arranged in parallel. The shell 3, which does not have a jumper, can be performed in a single technological operation.

In FIG. Figure 8 shows a cable in which the power element is made of longitudinally laid filaments or longitudinally laid fiberglass rods, located under a monolithic sheath that fills all the voids of the cable in such a way that the power element partially covers the pairs of conductive conductors 1 in contact with their insulation 2.

In FIG. 13 shows a cable with a sheath 3 of a flat shape and with a power element 4 arranged in parallel, while the conductive wires 1 are located along the longitudinal axis of the cable, and the power elements 4 are located in the sheath 3.

the abel may contain two, three, four or more power elements 4, which are laid in the aforementioned cable sheath 3 in different places, as shown in FIG. 5, 9, 10, 11 and 12.

In FIG. 5 shows a cable with two power elements 4, while the power elements 4 are diametrically opposed to the longitudinal axis of the cable, and the conductive wires 1 are coated with a polymer layer 7.

In FIG. 9 shows a cable with three power elements 4, in which the first power element 4 is made of longitudinally laid filaments or longitudinally laid fiberglass rods and is located under the sheath 3 of the cable, so that it completely covers (covers) pairs of conductive conductors 1, in contact with their insulation 2, and two other power elements 4, are made of longitudinally laid threads (one thread) or longitudinally laid fiberglass rods (fiberglass rods), are located diametrically opposite to the longitudinal hydrochloric cable axis (in the longitudinal plane of the cable).

In FIG. 10 shows a cable with five power elements 4, in which the first power element 4 is made of longitudinally laid yarns or longitudinally laid fiberglass rods, is located a layer under the cable sheath 3 above the intermediate sheath 6 so that the power element completely covers (covers) the intermediate sheath 6 and four other power elements 4, made of longitudinally laid threads (one thread) or longitudinally laid fiberglass rods (fiberglass rods) are diametrically opposed false relative to the longitudinal axis of the cable.

In FIG. 11 shows a cable with four power elements 4, each of which is made of longitudinally laid threads (one thread) or longitudinally laid fiberglass rods (fiberglass rods), while the power elements 4 are located in the cable sheath 3, diametrically opposed to the longitudinal axis of the cable ( in mutually perpendicular longitudinal planes of the cable).

In FIG. 12 shows a cable with a sheath 3 of a flat shape and with two power elements 4 each of which is made of longitudinally laid threads (one thread) or a longitudinally laid fiberglass rod (fiberglass bars), while the conductive wires 1 are located along the longitudinal axis of the cable, and the power elements 4 are located in the sheath 3 in opposite parts of the sheath 3, the most remote from the longitudinal axis of the cable.

As noted above, the power element 4 can be made not only of longitudinally laid threads, but also of at least one fiberglass rod, also laid longitudinally.

For testing in accordance with the description of the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 127240, two cables were made, one in full accordance with the description from the patent, the other with the replacement of the steel power element by a force element made of aramid threads.

Suspended communication cable according to the invention contained:

shell 3,

a core placed in said shell 3 and containing 1 ÷ 100 pairs of copper conductive conductors 1 with a diameter of 0.40 ÷ 1.20 mm, equipped with insulation 2, and

a power element 4 made of a dielectric material located parallel to the aforementioned insulated conductive cores 1.

Comparative tests of the cable according to the invention on a vector analyzer showed that with the same tensile strength of the cables, the cable according to the invention improved the following frequency characteristics compared to the prototype:

- signal delay time,

- attenuation of asymmetry at the near end,

- protection against asymmetry decay at the far end,

- transient attenuation at the near end,

- transient attenuation of the total power of influence at the near end,

- security at the far end for any combination of pairs,

- protection from the total power of influence at the far end,

- attenuation of reflection, working capacity, etc.

The above description of the invention, as well as the drawings are intended solely to explain the essence of the claimed invention. Other embodiments of the invention, including changes, substitutions and modifications, may also exist without changing the essence and scope of the present invention, which is clear to specialists in this field of technology.

Claims (9)

1. Suspended communication cable containing a sheath, a core placed in a sheath and containing 1 ÷ 100 pairs of conductive conductors provided with insulation and at least one power element of dielectric material, characterized in that the power element is formed of a material selected from the group including aramid yarns, Kevlar yarns, polyamide yarns, glass yarns having a longitudinal laying in the power element, or at least one fiberglass bar longitudinally laid, and / or combinations thereof, wherein the power element is located parallel to the conductive conductors and / or is located in a layer under the cable sheath. 2. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the power element is located in a layer under the cable sheath in such a way that this layer partially or completely covers the conductive conductors. 3. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the power element is made of at least one fiberglass rod. 4. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the power element is laid in the cable sheath in one place. 5. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least two power elements that are laid in the cable sheath in different places. 6. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductive conductors and the power element are inside one sheath made with a jumper of the same material as the sheath material. 7. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an intermediate sheath. 8. The cable according to claim 7, characterized in that the intermediate sheath contains at least one layer of material selected from the group consisting of low or medium or high pressure polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, foamed polyethylene, rubber, silicone rubber , cross-linked polyethylene, polyurethane, ftoroplast, material of reduced combustibility and material with reduced fire hazard. 9. The cable according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that in it a power element is laid between the aforementioned sheath and said intermediate sheath with a layer covering it in whole or in part.

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