RU2661259C1 - Device for rotational motion transmission from two or more numbers of drives - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of engineering, and more particularly to devices intended for the transmission of rotational motion. Device for transferring the rotational movement comprises shaft (2) on which at least two overrunning clutches (5, 6) are coaxially arranged. Inner cages (7, 8) or the common inner cage of all overrunning clutches are rigidly connected to shaft (2). Outer casing (9) of first overrunning clutch (5) is rigidly connected to output link (3) of first drive (1) of rotation. Outer cages (10) of the other or other overrunning clutches (6) are each configured to communicate with a corresponding output link (3) of another corresponding drive (1) of rotation and with the possibility of transferring rotation from another corresponding drive (1) to shaft (2).

EFFECT: reduction in overall dimensions is achieved.

7 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices designed to transmit rotational motion from two or more drives to a driven unit and can be used in mechanical engineering, in vehicles, in machine tools, as well as in other industries.

The prior art device for transmitting rotational motion, comprising a planetary mechanism, a stator with windings, rigidly fixed on the axis, and a rotor with permanent magnets mounted inside the stator with the possibility of free rotation and connected to the central gear of the planetary mechanism (see the Internet site http : //www.proelvel.ucoz.ru/index/ehlektromotor_dlja_velosipeda/0-9).

A disadvantage of the known solution is the design complexity, the presence of a stator with windings and a rotor with permanent magnets, the inability to transmit rotational motion from several drives and the inability to adjust the torque of the output link, low efficiency.

Also known from the prior art is a device for transmitting rotational motion, comprising a shaft on which rotation elements are mounted coaxially to each other ... (see RU 2597432 C1, published on 09/10/2016).

The disadvantage of this device is the inability to transmit rotational motion from two or more drives, low efficiency.

The closest solution to the proposed invention is a device for transmitting rotational motion, comprising a drive connected to the shaft via a gear mounted on the shaft by means of an overrunning clutch (see, for example, Internet sites https://www.eltreco.ru/articles/ 15622 /, http://el-velo.com/informaciya/stati/bafang_750w_podvesnoj_kit_nabor/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=axwKZj6ipjI, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=td2wIiKwai4 http://electrotransport.ru/ussr/index.php?topic=18823.8334, http://bikelectro.ru/shop/kit/motor/reduktornye/mid-drive-bafang-8-fun-bb2-displejj/).

The disadvantages of the closest solution are: design complexity, the presence of a drive device (stator with windings and a rotor with permanent magnets) that requires battery power and constant maintenance, the inability to adjust torque, the inability to transmit rotational motion from several drives at the same time, low efficiency.

The technical problem solved by the invention is to increase the efficiency of the entire system in which the proposed device is used, to create a simple and reliable device that transmits rotational motion (torque) to the driven unit from two or more drives, expanding the functionality and areas of application of the device, reducing overall dimensions of the device.

The technical result of the invention is the ability to control the transmitted torque while maintaining maximum efficiency by connecting two or more drives to the system using the device, eliminating the need for intermediate shafts due to the ability to install the device directly on the output drive link of one of the drives.

The technical result of the invention is achieved due to the fact that the device for transmitting rotational motion comprises a shaft on which at least two rotation elements are mounted coaxially to each other, each of which is made in the form of an overrunning clutch, inner cages or a common inner cage of all overrunning couplings are rigidly connected to the shaft wherein the outer cage of the first overrunning clutch is made with the possibility of hard connection with the output link of the first rotation drive, and the external cages of another or other overrunning clutches are made each to communicate with another corresponding output link and a corresponding rotation of the drive to transmit rotation from the other of the corresponding drive shaft rotation.

In addition, the rigid connection of the outer race of the first overrunning clutch with the output link of the first rotation drive can be carried out by means of a locking element.

In addition, the shaft can be made with the possibility of articulation with the output link of the first rotation drive by means of a rotation element, made mainly in the form of a bearing.

In addition, the shaft may have a cylindrical cavity coaxial with it, within which a bearing is mounted.

In addition, the connection of the external cage of at least one of the overrunning clutches with the output link of another corresponding drive can be carried out by means of a rotational movement transmission element fixed to the external cage of at least one of the overrunning clutches.

In addition, the transmission element of the rotational movement can be made in the form of a pulley, or sprocket, or gear, or magnets.

In addition, the rigid connection of the inner cages or the common inner cage of all overrunning couplings with the shaft can be carried out by means of a key, or spline, or threaded, or welded joint, as well as by annular protrusions formed on the outer surface of the shaft.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows the proposed device; in FIG. 2 shows an example of a kinematic communication scheme for transmitting rotational motion (torque) to a driven unit in a system comprising three drives and the proposed device.

A device for transmitting rotational motion (torque) from two or more drives 1 contains a main shaft 2, which can be connected via intermediate elements to the output drive shaft 3 (output link) of the drive 1 in order to transmit torque from the drive 1 to the main shaft 2, which, in turn, transmits torque to the driven link 4 (shaft). On the outer surface of the shaft 2 are installed sequentially one after another and coaxially to each other two overrunning clutches 5 and 6 (freewheels - rotation elements). In addition, on the shaft 2, a larger number of overrunning clutches, for example, three, four or five, etc., depending on the number of drives 1 (leading output shafts 3 of drives 1), from which it is necessary to transmit torque, can also be installed (rotational motion) to the driven link 4.

The inner clips (rings) 7, 8 of the overrunning clutches 5 and 6 are rigidly connected (connected) to the shaft 2 and mounted on it, for example, by means of a key connection, or a spline connection, or a threaded connection, or a welded connection, or any other connection providing and allowing for rigid connection of the inner race 7, 8 with the shaft 2. In this case, it is possible that the inner race 7 of the first coupling 5 is rigidly connected to the shaft 2 by, for example, a threaded connection, and the race 8 of the other coupling 6 is rigidly connected to the shaft 2 by , n example, welding. In addition, it is possible to use for rigid connection of the inner clips 7, 8 as the same connection (for example, splined), and their different combination (for example, keyed connection of one clip 7 and welded connection of the clip 8 or other combinations). Internal clips of other overrunning clutches have the same rigid connection if more overrunning clutches (more than two) are installed on shaft 2. The couplings 5, 6 can be mounted on the shaft 2 with a gap h relative to each other, and this gap can have any value depending on the configuration of the system in which the invention is used, on the length of the shaft 2, and on the spatial arrangement of the driving links relative to each other ( for example, shafts 3 of drives 1), from which it is necessary to take the shaft 2 torque and transmit it to link 4.

In addition, an embodiment of the invention is possible when overrunning clutches 5, 6 (or other overrunning clutches with more than two of them) are installed without clearance h. In this case, the inner clips 7 and 8 are tightly adjacent to each other, or the couplings 5 and 6 have a common single housing for their inner clips 7 and 8 (the device may have the same design with more overrunning couplings). In this case, the outer cages (rings) 9, 10 of the couplings 5 and 6 have the ability to independently rotate and transmit torque to the shaft 2 and, respectively, to the driven link 4 from the corresponding drive 1 (shaft 3) or simultaneously transmit torque from all drives 1 (shafts 3; with more overrunning clutches, their outer clips have the same possibility).

Shaft 2 allows you to combine all overrunning clutches 5, 6 (and others with a larger number of overrunning clutches) with a hard fit. The proposed device can be planted on the drive 1 (one of the drives 1) due to the element 14, which can also be part of the outer cage 9 of the freewheel 5, or part or shape of the drive shaft 3 of the drive 1. In addition, the shaft 2 can be the casing of the internal single cage for external independent cages 9, 10. Or all the couplings 5, 6 can have one common inner cage, which is rigidly connected to the shaft 2, while the outer cages of the couplings 5, 6 have the possibility of independent rotation relative to the common inner cage. In addition, the shaft 2 can be made integral with one another (as a single structural element) with an internal ferrule or one of the couplings (for example, couplings 5 or couplings 6), or with internal ferrules 7, 8 of both couplings 5, 6, or with internal ferrules all overrunning clutches when their number is more than two, i.e. shaft 2 may be the inner race of one of the freewheels, or the general housing of the inner race of all the freewheels.

The transmission of torque to the driven link 4 can be carried out, for example, by means of sprockets 11 (rotational motion transmission elements) mounted rigidly on the external clips 9, 10 (or integral with them) in any possible way, either by means of pulleys or gears (gears) wheels, not shown), either by a magnetic field (if the rotational motion transmission element is made in the form of permanent magnets, or if the outer race of the freewheel is part of the rotor of one of the drives), or other elements capable of apply torque to the driven link 4 (for example, by means of a chain drive, a belt drive, etc.). In this case, the transmission of torque from the shaft 2 to the link 4 can also be carried out either by chain transmission, or by a belt or other transmission, respectively, from an asterisk or pulley or other element, for example, a flywheel or torque converter mounted, for example, on the end of shaft 2 (opposite the end of the shaft 2, facing the drive 1), or a similar fit of the internal cage of the freewheel clutch. In addition, the driven link 4 can also be installed, for example, directly on the shaft 2 (for example, at its end) and can be, for example, a wheel or gear or other element (not shown). The gear ratio of overrunning clutches 5 and 6 can be the same or different (similarly, if more overrunning clutches are installed on shaft 2).

The shaft 2 may have a cylindrical cavity 12, i.e. may have either a through hole (straight or stepped) formed coaxially to the shaft 2, or a blind hole. In addition, the shaft 2 can have both a straight cylindrical shape of the outer surface and a stepped, i.e. with different external diameters. In this case, the inner clips 7, 8 of overrunning clutches can be located in grooves (not shown) formed by annular protrusions 15 on the outer surface of the shaft 2, which perform the function of fixing the couplings 5, 6 in the axial direction. However, there may not be any protrusions 15, however, to prevent axial movement of the couplings 5, 6 (etc.), for example, nuts (in connection with the thread on the outer surface of the shaft 2), or retaining rings, or other fixation elements (not shown). Inside the cavity 12, i.e. a rotation element 13 is installed on the cylindrical surface of the hole, for example, a bearing or other rotation element, designed to be installed on the drive shaft 3 of one of the drives 1 (first engine, drive link) and providing independent rotation of the shaft 2 relative to the shaft 3. Also, the shaft 2 can also not to have the mentioned cavity 12, but to be made integral, while the end surface of the shaft 2 can abut against the shaft 3, for example, by means of a thrust bearing (not shown). It is possible that the shaft 2 is not connected (not connected) directly to the shaft 3, and is connected with it only through the external ferrule 9 of the coupling 5, for example, by means of element 14, and in this case, the shaft 2 can have either a one-piece or hollow structure.

The proposed device may have a fixing element 14, rigidly connecting the shaft 3 with the outer race 9 of the freewheel 5, which is installed closer to the drive 1. In some cases, with a special implementation of the drive 1 (drive mechanism), the element 14 may be part of the rotor of the engine, which is rigidly seated on the outer sleeve 9 of the coupling 5.

At least two overrunning clutches can be installed on the shaft 2 according to the invention, each of which is designed to communicate with the corresponding output shaft 3 (link) of the corresponding drive 1. As the drive, either an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, or a wind turbine, or a hydraulic motor, or muscle strength, etc., or any combination thereof, depending on in which industry the proposed device is used.

Thus, the first overrunning clutch 5, installed closer to the drive 1, receives torque from the shaft 3 of the first drive 1 (engine), on which the proposed device is mounted, and transmits torque to the main shaft 2. The second overrunning clutch 6, installed after the first clutch 5, receives torque from the second drive (for example, from the output shaft 3 of the second engine) and transmits torque to the main shaft 2. And so on, depending on the number of overrunning clutches corresponding to the number of drives 1 (shafts 3).

Examples of using the proposed device

1) Electric transport

For example, a motorcycle running on an electric motor in urban traffic (where the combination of different driving modes: acceleration, maintaining speed in a stream, steep climb, etc.) requires a lot of torque to accelerate and to climb uphill, and not so big to maintain medium and low speed. If there is one engine in transport, then a gearbox (gear, star, planetary) or variator is needed. But the design is much more complicated, reliability drops, regular maintenance is required. This solution is not popular in light electric vehicles. Basically, models are presented on the market where torque is transmitted directly from the engine to the wheel through a chain or belt drive, sometimes an intermediate shaft is used to create a second degree of reduction.

It is proposed to add an additional engine to the electric motorcycle through the proposed device for transmitting torque. The system will have “three gears”, subject to the addition of one engine: 1) transmission of torque simultaneously from two engines (summation of torques) - maximum torque; 2) transmission of torque from the first engine on which the device is installed; 3) transmission of torque from the second engine. At the same time, we can use the proposed device as an intermediate shaft for transmitting torque from the second (additional) engine, which will make it possible to add a degree of reduction.

For example, choosing engines with the same characteristics, the first engine transmits the moment to the wheel with a reduction of 1: 5, and the second 1:10 due to the use of the device as an intermediate shaft. As a result, it is possible to accelerate (or climb steep climbs) using the second (additional) engine (with a reduction of 1:10), and then switch to the first and maintain speed. Either activate both engines at once, which in the end will give even more torque when accelerating or climbing uphill, and when the second (additional) engine reaches maximum speed and ceases to transmit torque, it will go into idle mode and minimize electricity consumption, and transport continue to pick up speed on the first engine.

2) Machine tool industry

Through the proposed device, the machine can operate with several drives operating in different power modes, or with a different speed regime. In order to be economical, you can complete the system to the required characteristics.

Options for modes can be, for example:

- 3000 rpm, 1500 rpm, etc. with the same or different torque (engines can be selected or tuned for optimal efficiency);

- give out at certain speeds 100 n * m, or enough in some mode only 20 n * m, etc.

3) Hybrid installation

Thanks to the proposed device, it is possible to use various engines according to the degree of resource consumption (internal combustion engines, electric, hydro, wind, etc.). For example, it is possible to use a gasoline engine in conjunction with an electric one.

Imagine the most ordinary car on an internal combustion engine with a mechanical (or automatic) gearbox. The proposed device for transmitting torque is installed on the engine output shaft (crankshaft) to the flywheel (or torque converter), while the flywheel (or torque converter) is mounted on the main shaft 2, thereby not interfering with the principles of operation between the flywheel and the gearbox or torque converter and automatic gearbox. An additional electric motor is connected to the proposed device. It is possible to transfer torque from the electric motor to the proposed device by any transmission (chain transmission, belt, or gear). The operation of the electric motor is adjusted so that it helps to add torque to the proposed device, while the internal combustion engine is in the range with the minimum torque, namely at low revs, after which the electric motor is turned off. The result is an even overall torque transmitted to the flywheel. The car accelerates perfectly evenly with a good pickup at all speeds.

It is also possible to use only the internal combustion engine in the mode, or only the electric motor, either both together, or according to the combined scheme described above.

Recovery from an electric motor connected to the proposed device will not be possible, but this is not a problem, since options are possible, if necessary. For example, it is possible to install another electric motor on the output shaft of the gearbox for this task. Thus, we get a hybrid car, similar to manufactured ones.

Thanks to the use of the proposed invention, performed in the manner described above, the quality of work and the efficiency of a system that uses several drives 1 (different or identical in type of motors) capable of transmitting torque to the driven link 4 (wheel, flywheel, screw, etc.) are significantly improved. d.). In addition, due to this embodiment of the proposed device, compactness, simplicity of the device, minimum parts are ensured, it does not require a separate intermediate shaft for the system, and the reliability and durability of the device and, accordingly, the entire working system are increased. Also, due to the possibility of simultaneously transmitting to the shaft 2 (and to the driven link 4) the total torque simultaneously from several drives 1 (or from all drives 1 at once), or selectively from any drive 1 (due to the independent operation of overrunning clutches), high Efficiency (the efficiency of the system increases significantly). Each engine can transmit a specific torque in its speed range depending on their settings for optimal parameters, taking into account the required speed-power features of the transport (or other system where the proposed invention is used). The number of connected motors (drives 1) is not limited, while the motors do not transmit torque to each other. The characteristics of the connected engines in one system through the proposed device can be different (revolutions, power, reduction ratio, etc.).

In addition, the proposed device may have the characteristics of an intermediate shaft for engines connected to the system, which can be used to increase or decrease the reduction. Using the proposed device provides the opportunity to implement different goals. The selection of engines with the necessary characteristics, the adjustment of the required reduction, as well as the selection of the required number of engines, it is possible to achieve maximum efficiency to achieve the goals.

Thanks to the proposed invention provides a more efficient consumption, for example, electricity (when using multiple electric motors), significantly increase the dynamic characteristics of the transport. Simplicity and reliability of the design are maintained due to the lack of a gearbox and other complex mechanisms.

Claims (7)

1. A device for transmitting rotational motion, comprising a shaft on which rotation elements are mounted coaxially to each other, characterized in that at least two rotation elements are installed on the shaft, each of which is made in the form of an overrunning clutch, internal clips or a common internal clip of all overrunning clutches are rigidly connected to the shaft, while the outer casing of the first overrunning clutch is made with the possibility of hard connection with the output link of the first rotation drive, and the external cages of another or other overrunning clutches each us to communicate with another corresponding output link and a corresponding rotation of the drive to transmit rotation from the other of the corresponding drive shaft rotation. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the rigid connection of the outer casing of the first overrunning clutch with the output link of the first rotation drive is carried out by means of a locking element. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the shaft is made with the possibility of articulation with the output link of the first drive of rotation by means of a rotation element made in the form of a bearing. 4. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the shaft has a coaxial cylindrical cavity with a bearing inside it. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of the outer cage of at least one of the overrunning clutches with the output link of another corresponding drive is carried out by means of a rotational movement transmission element fixed to the outer cage of at least one of the overrunning clutches. 6. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that the rotational motion transmission element is made in the form of a pulley, or sprocket, or gear, or magnets. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rigid connection of the inner cages or the common inner cage of all overrunning couplings with the shaft is carried out by means of a key, or spline, or threaded, or welded joint, as well as by annular protrusions formed on the outer surface of the shaft .

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