RU2657539C1 - Scholin loose material pneumatic separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agricultural machine building, in particular to the equipment for the small mass of bulk material of the weed or other undesirable impurity cleaning by the airflow, and can be used, for example, for the different crops seeds sorting for breeding purposes or for manual labor mechanizing when removing weeds in the harvested forest berries. Bulk material pneumatic separator includes vertically oriented pneumatic separating channel with three windows, the upper, lower and middle transverse window with union for connection to the fan duct, initial material feeder, through the upper window communicated with the pneumatic separating channel and hermetically attached to the bottom window receiving hopper for the cleaned material collection. Separator elements are made from the fragments of different capacity thermoplastic blown bottles. Pneumatic separating channel is made in the form of two bottles hermetically connected to the upper and lower windows, by the bottles necks and by the middle transverse window to the union, receiving hopper for the cleaned material collection is made in the form of forming the separator body hermetically coupled counter-oriented one bottle lower cylindrical part and the second identical bottle with separated bottom upper part. Second bottle neck is hermetically connected to the pneumatic separating channel lower window. Initial material feeder is made in the form of funnel from the plastic bottle with neck upper part. Middle transverse window union is brought beyond the body outer side, and connected to the union fan is made the exhausting one and is equipped with the filter. Cleaned material receiving hopper is made detachable and is equipped with the communicating with atmosphere window.

EFFECT: device design simplification and reducing its dimensions.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a technique intended for cleaning a small mass of loose material from a weed or other undesirable impurity by air flow and can be used, for example, to sort seeds of various crops for breeding purposes or to mechanize manual labor when removing weed impurities in harvested wild berries.

It is known that the separation of mixtures of bulk materials and their undesirable impurities is carried out using direct-flow gas or air flows during gravitational incidence of particles of the starting material in an upward flow in a pneumatic separation channel (see, for example, RU 2352407, B07B 4/02, 04/20/2009, " The method of separation of bulk material and a device for its implementation "; RU 2465073, B07B 4/02, A01F 12/44, 10.27.2012," Pneumatic separator "; RU 76829 Ul, B07B 4/02, 10.10.2008," Pneumatic separation channel " ; RU 2197074, В07В 4/02, 01/27/2003, "Pneumoseparator of forest seeds", RU 159398 Ul, В07В 4/02, 02/10/2016, "Un versal laboratory sifter ").

The upward direct-flow air flow exerts aerodynamic (frontal) drag, the magnitude of which depends on the density of a particular particle, its size and speed of the oncoming flow, while the heavier particles of the same density aerodynamic (frontal) drag at a certain oncoming flow speed do not interfere with the gravitational fall of particles of bulk material the continuation of the fall, and lighter particles of different densities at the same time prevent their further fall down to their forced moving in the opposite direction.

For small-scale mechanization, for example, manual harvesting of wild berries - blueberries, lingonberries, blueberries and similar shrubberies, devices equipped with a comb comb of parallel rods fixed in the body are used (See, for example, RU 162810 Ul, A01D 46/00, 27.06. 2016, “A device for collecting blueberries and lingonberries”; RU 2283573, A01D 46/00, 09/20/2006 “A device for collecting berries”; RU 2137344, A01D 46/00, 09/20/1999 “A device for collecting berries, mainly shrubbery” )

When manually harvested, forest berries are combed from their bushes and in this case, inevitably, light weedy impurities - dry leaves of bushes, fallen conifer needles and other litter lingering on the bushes - fall into the array of collected berries. It takes some time to remove weed impurities from the array of collected berries, sometimes comparable to the time for picking berries.

The well-known "Pneumatic separator of bulk materials" (RU 2131785, B07B 4/02, 06/20/1999), including a vertically oriented pneumatic separation channel with windows: the upper one, connected through a sedimentary chamber of weed impurities with an exhaust fan, two windows on the side surface of the channel for transverse input the feeder of the separated material from the source material hopper and the lower channel window, under which the receiver hopper for the purified material is installed.

The source material to be separated is poured into the loading hopper, from where it is thrown by a feeder through two supply windows across an additional stream of air into the air separation channel, in which a direct-flow ascending air flow is created by means of an exhaust fan. Under the action of the ascending air flow, light impurity particles are carried away through the upper window into the sedimentation chamber, and heavier material particles separated from the impurity, overcoming aerodynamic resistance to the air flow, fall from the lower open channel window into the receiving bin of the purified material.

The disadvantages of the known device are its large dimensions and structural complexity.

Known pneumatic separator of granular material (SU 1488029, B04B 4/00, 06.23.87, "Pneumocephalus device for the separation of granular materials"), which includes a vertically oriented pneumatic separating channel, an exhaust fan connected through a sedimentation chamber with the upper window of the channel, a loading hopper with a source material feeder, connected by a transverse window with a pneumatic separating channel, and a hopper-receiver installed under the open lower channel window for collecting purified material.

The source material to be separated is poured into the feed hopper, from where it is thrown by a feeder through a transverse window into the air separation channel, in which a direct-flow ascending air flow is created by means of an exhaust fan. Under the action of the upward flow, lighter particles of the impurity of the starting material are carried away through the upper window into the sedimentation chamber, and the heavier particles of the material separated from the impurity, overcoming aerodynamic resistance to the air flow, fall from the lower window of the air separation channel into the receiver of the purified material.

The disadvantages of the known device are its large dimensions and structural complexity.

Known pneumatic separator of granular material for sorting the particles of the source material by size (US 5073252, B07B 4/02, 1991-12-17, "Pneumatic size separator for nickle-containing particles"), which in combination of essential features is the closest analogue of the claimed device .

The known pneumatic separator comprises a vertically oriented air separating channel with an open upper window and a lower window with a rotary damper and with a hopper-receiver for heavier particles of purified material after separation, which is hermetically attached to the channel, which does not communicate with the atmosphere. The middle transverse window with a fitting for supplying air flow by the supply fan up the vertical channel is located on the side surface between the ends of the channel. An inclined conduit coupled to the upper open channel window is used as a feeder in the device, which ensures gravity flow of particles of the source material to the upward air flow from the air separation channel. Heavier particles fall from the upper window through the vertical channel in the upward flow to the closed damper in the lower window of the channel. If necessary, the shutter is turned and, without interrupting the operation of the separator, the cleaned material delayed by the shutter is sent to the receiving hopper. Lighter particles with an upward flow of gas rise above the upper window and gravity and the gas stream from the upper window are transported down the bottom of the inclined feeder pipe to the receiver of undesirable impurities of the source material.

The disadvantages of the known device are its large dimensions and structural complexity.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to simplify the design of the device and reduce its dimensions down to compact.

The technical result obtained by the implementation of the inventive pneumatic separator is that the removal of undesirable impurities from the starting material — lighter particles — is carried out from the local section of the air separation channel by the total air flow from the descending and ascending flows.

To date, there has been a tendency to use second-hand plastic bottles for other purposes (see, for example, RU 2251954, А47К 1/00, 2003.07.14, “Tourist washbasin”; RU 2204158, G05D 9/02, 05/10/2003, “ Liquid level regulator and its actuator ”; RU 72865 Ul, А63Н 3/16, 05/10/2008“ Doll ”; RU 111968 Ul, A01G 9/00, 01/10/2012“ Vereshchagin's scoop pattern ”; RU 2474105, A01D 46 / 24, 02/10/2013, "Sholin's Fruit Picker").

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the proposed pneumatic separator of granular material, including a vertically oriented pneumatic separation channel with three windows - the upper, lower and middle transverse window with a fitting for connecting to the fan channel, the feed material is connected through the upper window with the pneumatic separation channel and is hermetically sealed attached to the lower window of the channel, the hopper-receiver for collecting purified material, according to the invention, the separator elements are made of fragment of blown bottles of various capacities from thermoplastic, the pneumatic separating channel is made in the form of hermetically connected two bottles with upper and lower windows - bottle necks and a middle transverse window with a fitting, the hopper-receiver for collecting cleaned material is made in the form of a hermetically mating counter separator forming opposite separator the cylindrical part of one bottle and the upper part of the second identical bottle with a separate bottom, and the neck of the second bottle is hermetically connected to the lower window of the pneumatic of the parrying channel, the source material feeder is made in the form of a funnel from the top of the plastic bottle with a neck, the middle transverse window fitting is led outside the side surface of the housing, and the fan connected to the nozzle is exhausted and equipped with a filter, while the purified material hopper-receiver is detachable and equipped with a window that communicates with the atmosphere.

An exhaust fan with a filter can be made in the form of a vacuum cleaner, and the separated bottom of the second bottle can be interfaced with its inner surface and with the upper window of the air separation channel.

In the prior art, the applicant has not found known technical solutions for pneumatic separation of bulk material with the claimed combination of essential features of the proposed device.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows the proposed pneumatic separator of bulk material, in FIG. 2 is a photograph of a prototype of the inventive separator.

Elements of the proposed pneumatic separator are made of fragments of blown bottles made of thermoplastic.

The separator contains a vertically oriented pneumatic separation channel 1 of two hermetically connected plastic bottles 1.1 and 1.2 with the upper 2 and lower 3 windows - bottle necks and the middle transverse window 4 with a fitting 5 connected with an elastic cuff 6 to the vacuum cleaner 7 with its filter 8. The separator also contains a feeder 9 of the source material communicated through the upper window 2 with an air-separating channel 1 in the form of a funnel from the top of a plastic bottle with a neck.

The hopper-receiver 10 for collecting the purified material is made of forming a separator body 11 of hermetically mating counter-oriented lower cylindrical parts of one plastic bottle 12 with a window 13 communicating with the atmosphere, and a detachable upper part of the second identical bottle 14 with a separated bottom 15 and neck 16, hermetically connected to the bottom window 3 of the air separation channel 1.

The separated bottom 15 of the second bottle 14 as the upper part of the housing 11 together with the feeder 9 is attached to the upper window 2 of the air separation channel 1 and is simultaneously mated with the inner cylindrical surface of the second bottle 14.

Pneumatic separator bulk material works as follows.

When the exhaust fan is turned on, the vacuum cleaner 7 receives the air flow to it from the middle transverse window 4 through the nozzle 5 and the filter 8 consists of a downward flow from the open upper window 2 of channel 1 and an upward flow from the open lower window 3 of channel 1, which, in turn, through the window 13 of the hopper 10.

From the feeder 9, the feed material to be filled up with a metered flow through the upper window 2 flows by gravity into the pneumatic separating channel 1. Particles of the starting material from the upper window 2 in the downward air flow fall in the pneumatic separating channel 1 to its reaction zone — local alignment section 1.3 near the transverse middle middle window 4 of the downward air flow from the upper window 2 with the upward flow from the lower open window 3.

By changing the air flow rate, for example, by adjusting the load of the vacuum cleaner 7, the ascending air flow velocity from the lower window 3 is set so that in the reaction zone — the local section 1.3 near the middle transverse window 4 of the air separation channel 1 — the aerodynamic drag created by the ascending air flow does not prevent further heavier falling particles and, at the same time, stopped the fall of lighter particles in the local section 1.3 of channel 1.

The total air flow formed from the downward and upward flows entering the vacuum cleaner 7 through the middle transverse window 4 from the nozzle 5, the lighter particles stopped in the local section 1.3 are removed from the pneumatic separation channel 1. Then, the lighter particles of the starting material are delayed by the filter 8 of the vacuum cleaner 7 Heavier particles of the starting material, overcoming the aerodynamic resistance of the upward air flow from the bottom window 3, fall into the detachable hopper-receiver 10 to collect particles of the purified material .

The experimental verification of the prototype separator (Fig. 2), made from used blowing bottles from thermoplastics of various capacities, confirmed its operability.

Thus, it is seen that the above information confirms the feasibility of the proposed pneumatic separator of bulk material, achieve the specified technical result and solve the problem.

Claims (3)

1. Pneumatic separator of bulk material, including a vertically oriented pneumatic separation channel with three windows - an upper, lower and middle transverse window with a fitting for connecting to the fan channel, a source material feeder communicated through the upper window with a pneumatic separation channel and a hopper sealed to the lower window of the channel -receiver for collecting purified material, characterized in that the separator elements are made of fragments of blowing bottles of various capacities from thermoplastics, pneumosepairs the bore channel is made in the form of two bottles tightly connected with the upper and lower windows - bottle necks and a middle transverse window with a fitting, the receiver hopper for collecting cleaned material is made in the form of a hermetically mating separator body of counter-oriented counter-cylindrical lower cylindrical part of one bottle and the upper part of the second identical bottle with a separate bottom, and the neck of the second bottle is hermetically connected to the lower window of the air separation channel, the source material feeder is made in the form of ronki from the upper part of the plastic bottle with a neck, the fitting of the middle transverse window is outside the side surface of the housing, and the fan connected to the fitting is exhausted and equipped with a filter, while the hopper-receiver of the cleaned material is made detachable and equipped with a window that communicates with the atmosphere. 2. The pneumatic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust fan with a filter is made in the form of a vacuum cleaner. 3. The pneumatic separator according to paragraphs. 1 and / or 2, characterized in that the separated bottom of the second bottle is associated with its inner surface and the upper window of the air separation channel.

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