RU2645020C1 - Fireplace from prefabricated units and the method of its assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the design of furnaces used for individual construction, in particular to fireplaces from prefabricated units, and the way they are assembled. Fireplace includes a foundation mounted firebox with an entrance bounded on both sides by a portal, a frieze on the top and a grate on the bottom, a smoke chamber, connected to the firebox, countertops, a lining forming the interior space of the fireplace, and a mantelpiece. Fireplace is made of prefabricated units, installed without mortar and made with meeting surfaces, ensuring the connection of the blocks to each other with a geometrical closure using a tongue-and-groove joint. Also includes a method of a fireplace d assembly.

EFFECT: technical result is improvement of masonry quality, increase of strength and fire safety, reduction of production time.

25 cl, 17 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the design of furnaces used primarily for individual construction, in particular to fireplaces from prefabricated blocks made of refractory concrete, and to a method for assembling them.

The prior art fireplace, consisting of a furnace, smoke chamber and chimney, assembled from a modular masonry in the form of installed on top of each other in a solution of refractory concrete blocks (US 4805591, publ. 21.02.1989).

A disadvantage of the known solution is the many joints, which over time are a source of fire leakage and one of the causes of destruction as a result of a fire.

The prior art also known a fireplace, including a firebox, a smoke chamber. The furnace is formed by side walls formed of a plurality of consecutively stacked rows of lateral modular blocks having a protrusion on the lower surface and a groove on the upper surface, and a rear wall assembled from corner and spacer blocks. The smoke chamber is composed of several trapezoidal blocks. All blocks are made of concrete with heat resistance, high strength and thermal insulation properties (US 6024085, publ. 15.02.2000).

In the known solution, plaster is used as the facing material, which does not exclude the possibility of leakage of fire from the fireplace to the outside.

The closest analogue to the claimed invention is a fireplace, including a firebox mounted on a foundation with an entrance bounded by a portal on both sides, a frieze on top and a grate on the bottom, a smoke chamber connected to a chimney firebox, countertops, a lining forming the interior of the fireplace and lining. The firebox, partially the smoke chamber and the chimney of the fireplace are laid out of bricks (RU 2099641, publ. 20.12.1997).

In the presence of materials with different expansion coefficients in the brickwork, when the temperature changes, the mortar joint is deformed more than brick, and therefore, the strength of the walls of the fireplace decreases.

The traditional method of assembling a fireplace from masonry is widely known in the prior art, which consists in first pre-arranging and fitting the bricks in each row “dry” according to the order taking into account the thickness of the joints, after which the bricks are moistened in water and laid on the mortar. As a solution, clay or cement mortar is used, the mixing of which leads to contamination of the room, and therefore, in the case of masonry in a residential operating room, to deterioration of the living conditions.

The technical problem to which the invention is directed is:

- improving the quality of masonry due to the absence of materials with a different coefficient of thermal expansion in the lining used in the joints between the prefabricated elements of the fireplace - mortars, adhesives, mastics, sealants;

- increased strength, spatial rigidity through the use of double walls (lining and cladding), combined into a single structure using a wedge-shaped joint;

- increasing fire safety through the use of enlarged blocks, reducing the number of joints and, as a result, fire leakage;

- the creation of a method that reduces the time of manufacture of the fireplace, reducing labor costs by simplifying the assembly, which allows not to attract highly qualified specialists and use the minimum number of people for installation.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the fireplace, including a firebox installed on the foundation with an entrance bounded by a portal on both sides, has a frieze above and a grate below, a smoke chamber connected to the chimney firebox, countertops, a lining forming the interior of the fireplace, and a cladding from prefabricated blocks installed without mortar and made with contacting surfaces that ensure the connection of the blocks with each other with a geometric circuit using a connection type a tongue-and-groove, the following blocks are used for assembling the fireplace: the lower rear cladding block and the lower rear lining block forming the firebox rear wall, the two lower side cladding blocks and two lower side lining blocks forming the side walls of the firebox and chimney, the lower side facing blocks made with vertical fins, two of which are closest to the fireplace entrance, are portals forming the rear wall of the chimney and smoke chamber, the rear upper cladding block and installed next to it a chimney on top of the other, a chimney lower tooth block and a rear upper lining block forming the side walls of the smoke chamber, two upper side facing blocks mounted on the side countertops, and two upper side lining blocks forming the front wall of the smoke chamber, the front facing block resting on the front countertop, and a tooth adjacent to the block of the smoke chamber, in addition, the fireplace is equipped with a frieze lining block, on which a frieze block rests with a longitudinal edge, and a lid with a hole installed with its contour rib in The basics of the four upper cladding blocks.

The lining blocks are made of refractory concrete.

The foundation of the fireplace is made integral and includes a central plate and two side plates combined with a tongue-and-groove connection with the central plate, while the thickness of the central foundation plate is less than the thickness of the side plates, except for its protruding part, formed along the side opposite the fireplace entrance, on the upper surface of the protruding parts of the central plate and side plates are recessed to accommodate the protrusions of the lower cladding blocks.

A grate is installed in the foundation recess formed by the side surfaces of the protruding part of the central plate and the side plates.

The outer surface of the edges of each lower side facing block, which is closest to the fireplace entrance, and the outer surface of the frieze are made with a decorative relief.

The lateral vertical faces of the lower rear facing block of the fireplace are made with a protrusion from the side of its inner surface and a groove from the opposite side of the block, and a ledge is made on its upper horizontal edge from the side of the inner surface to interface with the overlying rear facing block.

In the upper part of the lower side facing block of the fireplace and the lining block, angular cutouts of identical shape and size are made with horizontal platforms for installing a frieze on them, and the horizontal platform of the angular cut of the lower side facing block has a recess, mainly of a hemispherical shape, fixing the position of which is supported by it the front countertop, and its upper face, which does not have a cutout, is equipped with fixing protrusions having the form of a part of a hemisphere interacting with hemispherical recesses ami on the lower edges of the side countertops.

The vertical side face of each side lining block remote from the fireplace entrance is made with a protrusion formed by forming on its inner surface a groove recess open from the side of its side face and of a constant depth for placement of opposite blocks in the recesses, end sections of the lower back block and adjacent the lower rear lining unit and the chimney tooth mounted on the lining unit.

On the inner side of the rear facing block of the fireplace along the lateral sides there are made U-shaped grooves shortened in height with a lower two-stage surface, the last of which abuts against the side tabletop, and the step adjacent to it - into the lower side block of the lining.

The upper side facing blocks of the fireplace are combined with the upper rear facing block by a spike-groove connection.

The chimney chimney tooth is made in the form of a beam with a cross-section having the shape of a rectangular trapezoid with an acute angle pointing upward, with the smaller tooth base and its end sections leaning on the upper face of the lower back lining block and the inclined surface of the recess of the side lining block, respectively.

The lining block of the fireplace frieze is made in the form of a beam with a cross section in the form of a rectangular trapezoid with a shelf at the lower base, oriented towards the fireplace entrance to support the longitudinal edge of the frieze on it, while at the upper larger base of the block at a part of the height from its upper edge along there are cantilevered overhangs at the ends that abut against the upper faces of the lower lateral blocks of the lining, and along the length of the lining of the frieze at its larger base, a ledge is made on the vertical side to partially support the front table on it nice.

The frieze block of the fireplace is made of rectangular cross section, at the ends of the lower and upper faces it is equipped with protrusions for fixing, respectively, with counter recesses located on the upper horizontal edge of the lower side facing block and recesses placed on the front countertop resting on it.

The lateral upper blocks of the lining of the fireplace are made in the form of a plate having upper and lower horizontal faces and lateral vertical and inclined faces, a protrusion is made on the vertical side face that interacts with the groove of the rear upper lining block, the inclined face has an inclination angle corresponding to the angle of inclination of the chimney tooth, the lower face is made with a cutout bounded by a horizontal surface parallel to the lower face of the block and an inclined surface located at an acute angle to it in contact with the inclined erhnostyu downstream tooth chimney.

The inner surface of the rear lower block of the lining of the fireplace, free from adjoining the grate and the inner surface of each lower side block of the lining, free from the adjoining of the lower lower facing block and the block of the lining, as well as the lower smoke tooth and the block of the lining of the frieze, are made with additional decorative a layer imitating masonry.

In addition, the technical result is achieved in that the fireplace assembly method consists in installing lower cladding blocks and lining blocks on a pre-assembled foundation, starting from the rear cladding block, to which the lining block is then closely attached, then the first side cladding block is installed with vertical ribs, while the edge remote from the fireplace entrance is placed in the recess of the rear facing block flush with its outer surface with the formation between the inner sections along of the surfaces of the three blocks of the fixing groove, the second side cladding block is installed in the same way, then the first lining block is installed between the vertical ribs of the first facing block, placing its protrusion in the fixing groove, and the second side block of the lining is similarly installed, after which the lower side facing blocks are laid side countertops, mount the rear cladding block, installing it so that the protrusion placed on its lower edge enters the groove formed by the upper faces of the lower rear cladding block and the lining block, a chimney tooth is installed by sliding movement of the inclined surface of its end sections along the inclined surfaces of the recesses of the opposite lower side lining blocks until its lower edge abuts against the upper face of the lower lining block, the first side lining block is installed alternately on the chimney tooth hooking it with the lower cutout on the chimney tooth surface, and then in a similar way install the second lateral lining block, after which the lowering the lining of the frieze from top to bottom along the inclined surfaces of the side blocks of the lining until the cantilever overhangs stop in the lower side blocks of the lining, followed by installation of the frieze with end sections in the cutouts of the lower side cladding blocks, then put the front tabletop on the frieze, placing its longitudinal edge in the groove of the frieze lining then the first lateral upper cladding block is inserted into the groove of the rear cladding and the second cladding block is installed in the same way, the rear footer block is mounted in the grooves of the side linings application, tooth smoke chamber is mounted on the liner strips, mounted facing the front block and lock the entire structure of the fireplace lid, placing it in contoured protrusion four grooves facing blocks and the foundation is laid in the recess grate.

The assembly of the blocks of the fireplace is carried out without the use of mortar. Lining blocks are made of refractory concrete.

The foundation of the fireplace is pre-assembled from three plates: the central plate, to which the side plates are alternately connected to form a single base plate, and the combination of the plates is carried out by a spike-groove connection.

The vertical position of the lower cladding blocks is fixed by placing their protrusions, which are predominantly in the form of a part of the hemisphere, in the reciprocal recesses of the foundation, made mainly in the form of a hemisphere.

When installing the side countertops, their recesses are combined with the corresponding protrusions, made mainly in the form of a hemisphere, on the upper faces of the lower side facing blocks, which are predominantly in the form of a part of the hemisphere.

When installing the frieze, its protrusions, having, mainly, the shape of a part of the hemisphere, are combined with reciprocal recesses, made mainly in the form of a hemisphere, on the horizontal surfaces of the cutouts of the lower side facing blocks.

When installing the front countertop, its recesses, made mainly in the form of a hemisphere, are combined with mating protrusions on the upper faces of the frieze, made mainly in the form of a part of the hemisphere.

All blocks are made with contacting surfaces, providing engagement and / or locking them together due to geometric closure. The inner surface of the rear lower lining block, free from the grate adjoining it and the inner surface of each lower side lining block, free from the rear lower cladding block and the lining block, as well as the lower smoke tooth and the frieze lining block, are made with an additional decorative layer imitating masonry.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

in FIG. 1 - general view of the fireplace: A) - front view, B) - side view, C) - top view;

in FIG. 2 is a section 1-1 in FIG. 1: A) - node A, B) - node B, C) - node B, D) - node D;

in FIG. 3 is a section 2-2 in FIG. 1A in a perspective view;

in FIG. 4 - a general view of the fireplace in a perspective view with a remote part of the smoke chamber;

in FIG. 5 is a cross section of a smoke chamber;

in FIG. 6 - cross section of the firebox;

in FIG. 7: A) is a transverse section of the central foundation plate, B) is a top view of the central foundation plate;

in FIG. 8 is a top view of a side foundation plate;

in FIG. 9 - lower rear facing block: A) - view from the inside, B) - view from below, C) - side view;

in FIG. 10 - lower side facing block: A) - side view, B) - side view of the rib with a decorative relief, C) - top view;

in FIG. 11 - lower lateral block of the lining: A) - view from the inner surface, B) - side view, C) - top view;

in FIG. 12 - upper rear facing block: A) - view from the inner surface, B) - side view, C) - top view;

in FIG. 13 - frieze lining unit: A) - view from the front side, B) - side view, C) - top view;

in FIG. 14 - upper lateral block of the lining: A) - view from the outer surface, B) - side view, C) - top view;

in FIG. 15 - upper side facing: A) - view from the inside, B) - side view, C) - top view;

in FIG. 16 - front facing: A) - view from the outside, B) - top view;

in FIG. 17 - cover: A) - side view, B) - bottom view.

The fireplace (Fig. 3) includes a firebox 1, mounted on a foundation 2, connected to a smoke chamber 3, communicating with the chimney 4 with the firebox.

The firebox 1, the chimney 4 and the smoke chamber 3 conditionally divide the fireplace in height into three zones: the height of the first zone (firebox) is determined by the distance from the foundation 1 to the lower surface of the tooth 5 of the chimney 4, the height of the second zone (chimney) is from the lower surface of the tooth 5 to its upper surface and the height of the third zone (smoke chamber) - from the upper surface of the smoke tooth 5 to the cover 6 of the fireplace.

The division of the fireplace into zones by height determines the size of the facing blocks and the lining blocks included in the set of elements for assembling the fireplace.

The entrance 7 (Fig. 1A) of the fireplace, located on the front wall of the firebox 1, is bounded on both sides by a portal 8, from above by a frieze 9, and from below by a grate 10.

The internal space of the fireplace is formed by a lining made in the form of prefabricated blocks, tooth 5 of the chimney 4, tooth 11 of the smoke chamber 3, and a cover 6.

Facing blocks are installed on the outside of the lining.

The side and front walls of the smoke chamber 3 are supported respectively on the side countertops 12 and the front countertop 13, which in turn is placed on top of the frieze 9.

All assembly elements of the fireplace are made without the use of mortars.

The lining blocks are made of refractory concrete.

The assembly of the fireplace begins with the installation of the foundation (Fig. 7, 8), which is made of three plates: a central plate 14 and two side plates 15, each of which is connected to the latter with a side face facing the central plate using a spike-groove connection to form a single plate, mostly rectangular in shape.

The thickness of the central foundation plate 14 is less than the thickness of the side plates 15, except for its protruding part 16, formed along the side opposite the fireplace entrance 7. Due to the difference in the thickness of the central 14 base plate between the inner side face of its protruding part 16 and the inner side faces of the side plates 15, a recess 17 is formed to accommodate the grate 10. The upper surface of the protruding part 16 of the central foundation plate 14 and the upper surfaces of the side plates 15 are located in one horizontal plane and provided with locking recesses 18, preferably having the shape of a hemisphere.

As far as the existing lifting and transport mechanisms allow when assembling the fireplace, the foundation plate can be made not composite, but in the form of a single monolithic plate with three hemispheres located on its upper surface along three sides - the rear and two side fixing recesses 18.

The set of elements for assembling a fireplace, in addition to foundation slabs, includes:

- lower cladding blocks and lining blocks mounted on a foundation, which include: a rear cladding block 19 and an adjacent back lining block 20, having, like block 19, a height equal to the height of the firebox 1, side cladding blocks 21, which are mirrored relative to the vertical the symmetry plane of the fireplace, and the side blocks of the lining 22, the height of each of the blocks 21 and 22 is equal to the total height of the firebox and chimney;

- upper cladding blocks and lining blocks include: a rear cladding block 23 of a height equal to the height of the chimney and smoke chamber, and an adjacent back lining block 24 mounted on the tooth 5 of the chimney 4. The total height of the rear lining block 24 and tooth 5 is equal to the height block 23; side facing blocks 25 and adjacent side blocks of the lining 26, with a height equal to the height of the smoke chamber 4, the lining of the frieze 27, located opposite the tooth 5 in the zone of the chimney 4, the tooth 11 of the smoke chamber and the front facing block 28 adjacent to it.

The set of prefabricated fireplace elements also includes the above two side worktops 12, one front worktop 13, frieze 9 and cover 6.

The lower rear facing block 19 (Fig. 9) is a vertically mounted plate of rectangular cross-section in plan. The lower horizontal face of the lower rear cladding block is provided with protrusions 29 in the form, mainly, of the hemisphere, freely entering into the fixing recesses 18 on the protruding part 16 of the Central foundation plate 14. The profile of the contacting faces of the block 19 with the adjacent facing side blocks 22, as well as with the facing block 23 mounted above it, is formed with the possibility of geometric closure using a spike-groove connection. For this, the lateral vertical faces of the lower rear facing block 19 are made with a protrusion 30 from the side of its inner surface and a groove 31 from the opposite side of the block. On the upper horizontal edge of the lower rear facing block 19 from the side of the inner surface, a ledge 32 is made for interfacing with the overlying rear facing block.

The inner surface of the lower rear facing block to increase the rigidity and improve the thermal properties of the fireplace is made with ribs 33 located along its perimeter, and at least one vertical rib 34, forming closed cavities 35 when connected to the adjacent adjacent lower lining block (Fig. 6) .

Each of the lower side facing blocks 21 (Fig. 10) is made in the form of a plate with vertical ribs 36 and 37 at the side faces protruding from the surface of the block inside the fireplace, designed to geometrically close adjacent blocks in the corner zones of the fireplace. When assembling the lower side facing block 21 with the rear facing block 19 located to it at right angles, the edge 36, remote from the fireplace entrance 7, enters the groove 31, flush with the outer surface of the rear block, forming a smooth back wall to a height equal to the height of the firebox and chimney fireplace. The protruding part of the rib 35 has a plan size that ensures that a fireplace is formed in the corner zone of the firebox opposite its entrance, limited by the lateral surface of the protrusion 30 of block 19, the end face of the rear block of the lining 20, and the inner surface of the rib 36 with the adjacent portion of the inner surface of the block 21.

The rib 37 covers the end face of the adjacent side block of the lining 22 in the corner zone of the fireplace adjacent to its entrance. The ribs 37 of the opposite side facing blocks 21 are elements of the portal 8 of the fireplace entrance 7, framing it from two sides. The outer surfaces of the ribs 37 are made with a decorative relief.

The lower horizontal face of each lower side facing block is provided with protrusions 38, made mainly in the form of a half hemisphere, included when installing the side blocks in the recesses 18 of the side plates 15 of the foundation.

In the upper part of the lower lateral facing block there is an angular cutout 39 from the side of the rib 37, forming a horizontal platform 40 with a recess 41, mainly of a hemispherical shape corresponding to a protrusion (not shown), in the form of a part of a hemisphere placed at the end of the frieze 9, resting on the horizontal ends pad 40 opposite side facing blocks. The frieze 9, connected to the side cladding blocks 21 with a tongue-and-groove connection, is a horizontal connection in the fireplace structure, combining the lower side blocks and preventing their displacement. The upper face of the lower side facing block, not having a cutout, is provided with fixing protrusions 42 having the shape of a part of the hemisphere interacting mainly with hemispherical recesses (not shown) located on the lower faces of the side worktops 12.

On the perimeter of the inner surface of the lower side facing block, ribs 43 are placed for forming a closed cavity 44 when connected to the adjacent block lining (Fig. 6).

The outer surface of the lower side facing block 21 is the lower side of the fireplace.

The lower rear block of the lining 20, installed during the assembly of the fireplace to the rear cladding block 19, is made in the form of a plate of rectangular cross-section in plan, width and height equal to the width and height of the cladding block 19.

When installing the rear lining block 20 close to the rear facing block 19, the upper ledge 32 made on the upper edge is supplemented with an additional wall of the block 20, forming a U-shaped groove on the common upper faces of both blocks, for installing the overlying facing block (Fig. 2B, node B )

Each lower lateral block of the lining 22 (Fig. 11) is made in the form of a plate having a width and height equal to the width and height of the adjacent lower side facing block 21 and its lateral end faces located between the ribs 36 and 37 of the latter.

In the upper part of the lower lateral block of the lining 22 there is an angular cutout 45 corresponding to the shape and size of the angular cutout 39 of the lower facing block 21 adjacent to it.

The vertical end face of the lower side block of the lining 22, remote from the entrance of the fireplace 7, is made with a protrusion 46, which is formed by the formation on the inner surface of the lower side block of the lining along the entire height with a groove recess 47. When assembling the fireplace, the protrusion 46 of the lower block of the lining is included in the fixing the groove formed by the connection of the lower lateral facing block 21 with the rear facing block 19. The protrusion 46 performs the function of a tongue. The opposite end of the lower side block of the lining 22 is covered by the edge 37 of the facing block 21.

The groove recess 47 has a constant depth and is bounded by a vertical surface 48 parallel to the main surface of the block 22 and perpendicular to it by a vertical contact surface 49, turning into an inclined supporting surface 50, facing the inside of the fireplace, thus forming a recess of a constant cross section along the height of the block, passing into a recess of variable cross section along the height of the block. The groove recess 47 of constant cross-section is designed to accommodate the end sections of the protrusion 30 of the lower rear cladding unit 19 and the adjacent lining unit 20. When assembling the fireplace, the opposite ends of the lower rear lining unit 20 and the opposite ends of the protrusions 30 of the adjacent cladding unit 19 are in contact with vertical surfaces 49 of the grooved recesses 47. The width of the grooved recess of the lining unit 20 of constant cross section is equal to the thickness of the lower rear block of the lining 20 and the thickness the protrusion 30 of the rear facing block 19 (Fig.6). Thus, the vertical plane 49 is an emphasis that prevents the rear blocks from moving out of their plane, and all four blocks are connected in this node by a spike-groove connection with a geometric closure.

The inclined surface 50 of the grooved recess of variable cross-section in height is a support for the lining 22 of the end sections of the tooth 5 of the chimney installed in the grooves of the opposite side blocks of the lining. The inclined surface 50 of the recess is made at an angle corresponding to the angle of the inclined face of the tooth 5.

The inner surface of the rear lower block of the lining 20, free from adjoining the grate 10, and the inner surface of the lower side block of the lining 22, free of the adjoining rear lower cladding block 19 and the block of the lining 20, tooth 5 and the lining block of the frieze 27, has an additional the decorative layer under the masonry 51. Moreover, the smooth surfaces of the block without the decorative layer form grooves of small depth, which limit the displacement of the fireplace elements with which they are in contact.

The upper rear cladding block 23 (Fig. 12) is provided on the lower edge in contact with the upper face of the lower cladding block, a protrusion 52, placed in a U-shaped groove of the common upper faces of the cladding block 19 and the lining block 20 (Fig. 2). On the inner side of the upper facing block along the lateral sides, U-shaped grooves 53 are shortened in height with a lower two-stage surface. The extreme stage 54 abuts against the side table top 12, and the adjacent stage 55 rests on the upper face of the lower side lining 22. On the upper face of the block 23 in contact with the protrusion of the cover 6, a U-shaped groove 56 is made.

The chimney tooth 5 (Fig. 2) is made of refractory concrete in the form of a beam with a cross section having the shape of a rectangular trapezoid with an acute angle pointing up. The smaller base of the smoky tooth and its end sections are supported respectively on the upper face of the lower rear facing block and the inclined surface of the grooved recess of the side block of the lining 22.

On the opposite side of the lower smokestack mounted lining block frieze 27 and frieze 9 (Fig. 2, node D).

The frieze lining unit 27 (Fig. 13) is made in the form of a beam with a wedge-shaped cross-section, having the shape of a rectangular trapezoid with a shelf 57 at the lower base, oriented to the outside of the fireplace. There are cantilevered overhangs 58 at the ends of the upper larger base of the block at a part of the height at its ends for supporting the block on the upper faces of the lower side blocks of the lining 22. A step 59 is made along the length of the lining of the frieze on the vertical side along its entire length along the entire length of the lining leaning on the front countertop 13.

The inclined face of the block of the lining of the frieze 27 is made at an angle corresponding to the angle of inclination of the inclined surface of the tooth 11, based on the upper face of the block 27.

The frieze block 9 (Fig. 4) is made of a rectangular cross-section with an external decorative finish and at the ends of the lower edge, provided with protrusions (not shown) for fixing, respectively, with the corresponding recesses 41 on the upper horizontal edge of the lower side facing block 22, and on the upper edge with recesses (not shown) in which the protrusions of the front countertop 13 are supported. The protrusions are made predominantly in the form of part of a half hemisphere, and the recesses are in the form of a hemisphere.

On each side table top 12 is installed the upper side facing block 25 (Fig. 5, 15), made in the form of a plate of rectangular cross section. The profile of its faces in contact with adjacent blocks is made with the possibility of a lock connection, both with adjacent adjacent blocks and with blocks installed below and above it. For this, a U-shaped groove 60 is formed on the upper face of the block 25 for receiving the protrusion of the cover 6, and on the lower face a protrusion 61 on the inside of the block and a groove 62 on its outside. When assembling the fireplace, the lower surface of the groove abuts against the side countertop 43. On each side face of the upper cladding unit 25 there is a through groove 63 from the side of its outer surface, the protrusion 64. The groove 63 and the protrusions 64 on the side faces of the upper side cladding block interact with geometric closure throughout the contour of the upper facing blocks with mating protrusions and U-shaped grooves identical in shape and size located on the inner surfaces of the rear facing upper block 23 and the upper front facing block 28, which is mounted on the front countertop with fixing tabs on its lower edge, located in the recesses of the front countertop 13.

Each of the upper lateral blocks of the lining 26 (Fig. 14) is made in the form of a wedge-shaped plate having upper and lower horizontal faces and lateral vertical and inclined faces.

Blocks 26 with a geometric closure are simultaneously fixed and connected in contact with their side faces adjacent blocks of the fireplace.

The execution on the vertical side face of the block 26 of the ledge 65 ensures its connection with the rear lining block 24 placed at right angles to it by means of a tongue-and-groove connection.

Block 26 is made with an inclined face 66 corresponding to the angle of inclination of the tooth 11 of the smoke chamber, and a cutout is formed on its lower edge limited by a horizontal surface 67 parallel to the lower face of the block and inclined surface 68 at an acute angle to it, the angle of which is equal to the angle of inclination of the downstream tooth 5, the upper part of which is covered by a cutout of block 26 when it is installed.

Due to the wedge-shaped shape and configuration of the cut-out, the lateral block of the lining 26 with a geometrical closure fixes fireplace blocks in contact with its side faces and cut-out surfaces, namely the chimney tooth 5 located one above the other and the rear cladding block 24 (Fig. 2, 5 ) and a lining block 27 and a tooth 11 of the smoke chamber mounted on it, located opposite these blocks.

The upper front (front block) 28 (Fig. 16) is made in the form of a rectangular plate having U-shaped vertical through grooves 69 covering the protrusions of the side cladding blocks 25. On the lower edge of the blocks 28 there are protrusions 70 included in the recesses of the front countertop 13.

The fireplace cover 6 is made with a central hole and has a closed U-shaped groove 71 on the inside of the perimeter, which includes the protrusions of the four facing upper blocks.

The assembly of the fireplace is carried out in the following order. Pre-assemble the foundation of three plates: the central plate, to which the side plates are alternately connected to form a single foundation plate, and the plates are joined by a spike-groove connection. A rear facing block is installed on the central foundation plate, fixing its vertical position by introducing its protrusions into the reciprocal recesses of the foundation. Then, a lining block is placed close to the rear facing block. After that, the first side cladding block with vertical ribs is installed with protrusions on the side foundation plate, while its edge remote from the fireplace entrance is placed in the recess of the rear cladding block flush with its outer surface with the formation of three locking grooves between the inner parts of the surfaces. In a similar manner, a second side cladding unit is installed. Between the vertical ribs of the first cladding block, the first lining block is installed, placing its protrusion in the fixing groove, and the second side lining block is similarly installed. Then the first and second side countertops are laid sequentially, combining their recesses on the lower surface with the protrusions on the lower side facing blocks. Mount the upper rear cladding block, installing it so that the protrusion located on its lower edge fits into the groove formed on the upper faces of the lower rear cladding block and the lining block. The chimney tooth is installed from top to bottom by the sliding movement of its inclined surface along the inclined surfaces of the grooved recesses of the opposite lower lateral blocks of the lining until its lower face abuts against the upper face of the lower lining block. The first lateral lining block is alternately mounted on the chimney tooth, hooking it with the lower cutout on the chimney tooth surface, and then the second lateral lining block is installed in a similar way. Then the lining of the frieze is lowered from top to bottom along the inclined surfaces of the side blocks of the lining until the cantilever overhangs stop in the lower side blocks of the lining, followed by the installation of the frieze with end sections in the cutouts of the lower side facing blocks. Next, the front countertop is laid on the frieze, placing its longitudinal edge in the groove of the frieze lining block, then the first lateral upper cladding block is inserted into the groove of the rear cladding and the second cladding block is installed in the same way. The back lining block is mounted in the grooves of the side linings, the tooth of the smoke chamber is mounted on the frieze lining with a sliding movement from top to bottom, the front facing block is installed and the entire structure of the fireplace is locked with a lid, placing its contour protrusion in the grooves of the four facing blocks. A grate is placed in the foundation deepening.

When installing the frieze, its protrusions are combined with reciprocal recesses made on the horizontal surfaces of the cutouts of the lower side facing blocks.

When installing the front countertop, its recesses, made mainly in the form of a hemisphere, are combined with mating protrusions on the upper faces of the frieze, made mainly in the form of a part of the hemisphere.

The connection of prefabricated fireplace blocks located next to each other in the same horizontal plane or in the same vertical plane with a geometric closure, which is carried out using a tongue-and-groove connection or using a wedge-shaped block, which fixes the blocks in contact with its faces, allows create tight joints.

The use of blocks of different heights and their installation with a shift in height relative to adjacent sides while limiting horizontal joints provides spatial stiffness of the fireplace.

Claims (25)

1. A fireplace, including a firebox installed on the foundation with an entrance bounded by a portal on both sides, a frieze on top and a grate on the bottom, a smoke chamber connected to the chimney firebox, countertops, a lining forming the interior of the fireplace, and a lining characterized in that the fireplace made of prefabricated blocks installed without mortar and made with contacting surfaces that ensure the blocks are connected to each other with a geometric circuit using a tongue-and-groove connection, at The following blocks are used for assembling the fireplace: the lower rear cladding block and the lower rear lining block forming the firebox rear wall, the two lower side cladding blocks and the two lower side lining blocks forming the side walls of the firebox and chimney, the lower side facing blocks made with vertical ribs, two of which are closest to the fireplace entrance are portals forming the rear wall of the chimney and the smoke chamber, the rear upper cladding unit and installed next to it one above the other m lower chimney tooth block and rear upper lining block forming the side walls of the smoke chamber two side upper cladding blocks mounted on the side countertops and two upper side lining blocks forming the front wall of the chimney front cladding resting on the front countertop and adjacent with a smoke chamber tooth block, in addition, the fireplace is equipped with a frieze lining block, on which a frieze block rests with a longitudinal edge, and a lid with a hole installed with its contour rib in four upper cladding blocks. 2. Fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the lining blocks are made of refractory concrete. 3. The fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the foundation is made integral and includes a central plate and two side plates combined with a thorn-groove connection with the central plate, while the thickness of the central foundation plate is less than the thickness of the side plates, except for its protruding part, formed along the side opposite the fireplace entrance, on the upper surface of the protruding part of the central plate and side plates are fixing recesses for accommodating the protrusions of the lower facing blocks. 4. Fireplace according to claim 3, characterized in that a grate is installed in the basement recess formed by the side surfaces of the protruding part of the central plate and the side plates. 5. A fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer surface of the edge of each lower side facing block closest to the fireplace entrance and the outer surface of the frieze are made with a decorative relief. 6. The fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral vertical faces of the lower rear facing block are made with a protrusion from the side of its inner surface and a groove from the opposite side of the block, and a ledge is made on its upper horizontal edge from the side of the inner surface to interface with the overlying rear facing block. 7. Fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that in the upper part of the lower side facing block and the lining block, corner cutouts are identical in shape and size with horizontal platforms for installing a frieze on them, and the horizontal area of the corner cutout of the lower side facing block has a recess mainly hemispherical shape, fixing the position of the front countertops resting on it, and its upper face, not having a notch, is equipped with locking protrusions having the shape of a hemisphere part, interacting them with hemispherical recesses on the lower faces of the side countertops. 8. The fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical side face of each side lining block remote from the fireplace entrance is made with a protrusion formed by forming on its inner surface a groove recess open from the side of its side face and of a constant depth for placement in grooved recesses of opposite blocks, end sections of the lower rear block and the adjacent lower rear block of the lining and the chimney tooth mounted on the lining of the chimney. 9. Fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that on the inner side of the rear facing block along the sides there are made U-shaped grooves shortened in height with a two-stage lower surface, the last of which abuts against the side table top and the adjacent step into the lower one side lining block. 10. Fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper side facing blocks are combined with the upper rear facing block by a spike-groove connection. 11. Fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the chimney tooth is made in the form of a beam with a cross section having the shape of a rectangular trapezoid with an acute angle directed upward, while the smaller tooth base and its end sections are supported respectively on the upper face of the lower rear block lining and the inclined surface of the recess of the lateral block of the lining. 12. The fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the frieze lining unit is made in the form of a beam with a cross section in the form of a rectangular trapezoid with a shelf at the lower base, oriented towards the fireplace entrance to support the longitudinal edge of the frieze on it, while at the upper there are cantilevered overhangs at the ends of the larger base of the block at a part of the height from its upper face, abutting against the upper faces of the lower lateral blocks of the lining, and along the length of the lining of the frieze on the vertical side there is a ledge for partial opis wounding on him the front countertop. 13. The fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the frieze block is made of rectangular cross-section, at the ends of the lower and upper faces it is provided with protrusions for fixing, respectively, with counter recesses located on the upper horizontal edge of the lower side facing block, and recesses placed on the supporting on it is the front countertop. 14. The fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper side lining blocks are made in the form of a plate having upper and lower horizontal faces and vertical and inclined side faces, a protrusion is made on the vertical side face interacting with a groove of the rear upper lining block, inclined the face has an inclination angle corresponding to the angle of inclination of the chimney tooth, the lower face is made with a notch bounded by a horizontal surface parallel to the lower face of the block and an inclined surface located at an acute angle to it, to contacting with the inclined surface of the downstream chimney tooth. 15. A fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner surface of the rear lower lining block, free from the grate adjoining to it, and the inner surface of each lower side lining block, free from the rear lower cladding block and the lining block adjoining, and the lower smokestack and the frieze lining block are made with an additional decorative layer imitating masonry. 16. The method of assembling a fireplace according to paragraphs. 1-15 consists in the fact that lower cladding blocks and lining blocks are installed on a pre-assembled foundation, starting from the rear cladding block, to which the lining block is closely attached, then the first side cladding block with vertical ribs is installed, while the edge remote from the fireplace entrance placed in the recess of the rear facing block flush with its outer surface with the formation between the inner parts of the surfaces of the three blocks of the locking groove, similarly installed in The second side lining block, then the first lining block is installed between the vertical ribs of the first facing block, placing its protrusion in the fixing groove, and the second side lining block is similarly installed, after which the first and second side countertops are successively laid on the lower side facing blocks, and the back is mounted the facing block, setting it in such a way that the protrusion placed on its lower edge fits into the groove formed on the upper faces of the lower rear facing b eye and the lining unit, the chimney tooth is installed by sliding movement of the inclined surface of its end sections along the inclined surfaces of the recesses of the opposite lower side lining blocks until its lower face abuts against the upper face of the lower lining block, the first lateral lining block is installed alternately on the chimney tooth, engaging it with the lower cut over the surface of the chimney tooth, and then in a similar manner install the second lateral block of the lining, and then lower the lining of the frieze from top to bottom along inclined the surfaces of the side blocks of the lining, until the cantilever overhangs in the lower side blocks of the lining, with the subsequent installation of the frieze with end sections in the cutouts of the lower side cladding blocks, then put the front tabletop on the frieze, placing its longitudinal edge in the groove of the frieze lining block, then the first side upper cladding block lead into the groove of the rear lining and in a similar way install the second cladding block, install the rear lining block into the grooves of the side linings, the tooth of the smoke chamber is installed on the foot frieze, install the front cladding block and lock the entire fireplace design with a lid, placing its contour protrusion in the grooves of the four cladding blocks, and put the grate in the foundation recess. 17. The method according to p. 16, characterized in that the assembly of the blocks is carried out without the use of mortar. 18. The method according to p. 16, characterized in that the lining blocks are made of refractory concrete. 19. The method according to p. 16, characterized in that the foundation is pre-assembled from three plates: a central plate, to which side plates are alternately connected to form a single foundation plate, the plates being joined by a spike-groove connection. 20. The method according to p. 16, characterized in that the vertical position of the lower cladding blocks is fixed by placing their protrusions, mainly in the form of a part of the hemisphere, in the reciprocal recesses of the foundation, made mainly in the form of a hemisphere. 21. The method according to p. 16, characterized in that when installing the side countertops, their recesses are combined with the corresponding protrusions, made mainly in the form of a hemisphere, on the upper faces of the lower side facing blocks, which are mainly in the form of part of a hemisphere. 22. The method according to p. 16, characterized in that when installing the frieze, its protrusions, having, mainly, the shape of a part of the hemisphere, are combined with reciprocal recesses, made mainly in the form of a hemisphere, on the horizontal surfaces of the cutouts of the lower side facing blocks. 23. The method according to p. 16, characterized in that when installing the front countertop, its recesses, made mainly in the form of a hemisphere, are combined with mating protrusions on the upper faces of the frieze, made mainly in the form of a part of the hemisphere. 24. The method according to p. 16, characterized in that all the blocks are made with contacting surfaces, providing engagement and / or locking them together due to geometric closure. 25. The method according to p. 16, characterized in that the inner surface of the rear lower lining block, free from adjoining the grate, and the inner surface of each lower side lining block, free from the adjoining rear lower cladding block and the lining block, as well as the lower smokestack and frieze lining block are made with an additional decorative layer imitating masonry.

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