RU2473842C1 - Method for bricklaying of furnaces and fireplaces - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method for bricklaying of furnaces and fireplaces includes development of leads, sorting of bricks, removal of faces, cutting of bricks, dry arrangement of bricks in compliance with leads, bricklaying of an item. Besides, bricklaying is done from brick blocks previously glued from prepared bricks, and gluing of bricks into blocks is carried out in a microwave oven with subsequent drying of finished blocks in it, and time of block drying is determined using the formula T=(K×B×L)/W, where T - drying time; K - correction coefficient; B - volume of evaporated water; L - specific heat of water vaporisation; W - capacity of a microwave oven.

EFFECT: reduced time of manufacturing, improved quality of bricklaying, increased mechanical strength of items.

11 cl, 2 ex, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for laying household heating, cooking, heating and cooking stoves and fireplaces that run on solid fuel.

There is a traditional method of laying stoves and fireplaces, which consists in laying bricks according to the rules. Orders - working drawings, in which the location of each brick or its share, the installation location of the stove appliances and the most important dimensions are indicated. First, bricks are prepared, the chamfers are removed and the bricks are cut manually, then the bricks are pre-laid and fitted in each row “dry” according to the order taking into account the thickness of the joints. After that, the bricks are moistened in water and laid on a mortar. The solution used is clay or cement mortar. The process of laying the furnace takes up to two weeks. After masonry, the oven is dried for 10-12 days, after 7-10 days they begin to gradually heat it several times a day (from 2 to 6) in small portions (1 - analog; 2 - prototype).

Both analog and prototype have the following disadvantages:

- the duration of the manufacturing time of the product, which is calculated in weeks or more from the beginning of its laying to commissioning, especially if the order is complicated in execution;

- the finished product is raw, it cannot be heated immediately, it is necessary to dry from 10 to 12 days;

- the entire time the erection of the stove, fireplace, the room can not be used for its intended purpose, and until the product is completely ready, it takes about a month;

- before starting the masonry, the bricks must be moistened with water, a solution for laying brick made of clay or cement is mixed on the water, all this leads to the fact that the room is polluted with brick dust, clay, cement and their solution, the dirt spreads throughout the house;

- the walls of the smoke channels must be washed with water, cleaned, achieving a smooth surface, and this is inconvenient and time-consuming at the installation site of the stove, fireplace;

- for the placement of consumables and for the performance of work, a certain space is needed where there should be a bucket of water, a drawer with mortar, a frame with a brick, a bench 50 cm high for consumables when working from the floor, in addition, between the stove under construction and the location of the consumables materials should be a passage with a width of 50-60 cm, which should be regularly cleaned of brickwork;

- Often users of stoves and fireplaces do not observe the correct mode of their operation, especially during the first start-up, when gradual heating is necessary, and this, with the existing quality of the joints, leads to the formation of cracks.

The technical problem to which the invention is directed is to improve the method of masonry stoves and fireplaces, reduce the production time of stoves and fireplaces from the beginning of masonry to commissioning, improve the quality of masonry, increase the mechanical strength of products, create a method that partially mechanizes the work of the stove, improve its working conditions, increase the convenience and comfort for the customer.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the masonry is not made from individual bricks, but from brick blocks previously glued from prepared bricks. The method consists of two stages, the first of which is implemented under production conditions, in the workshop: development of working drawings (orders), development of types and volumes of blocks in accordance with the developed procedure, preparation of bricks - chamfering and cutting of bricks on a stone-cutting machine, gluing prepared bricks into blocks in a microwave oven, drying the blocks in a microwave oven, assembling the product from prepared dry blocks, identifying deficiencies and eliminating them. At the same time, bricks are cut on a stone-cutting machine, for example, by Golz ST-120A. The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the drying time of the blocks in the microwave oven is calculated by a special formula. Since the microwave field acts on the water present in the glue, and the furnace heats only the seams and evaporates water from them, the drying time of the blocks in the microwave oven is calculated based on the mass of water contained in each portion of glue for each block laying. Since it is much easier to evaporate water from the surface of the bricks than to evaporate it from a thin gap between the bricks, the correction factor (K) is calculated. A portion (portion) of glue is applied to the brick with a thin layer and evaporated in a microwave oven, detecting the time (T ₁ ) from turning on the oven until the steam stops, that is, the glue hardens. Exactly the same weight of glue is applied in a thin layer on a brick and covered with another brick, placed in a microwave oven, turned on and the drying time is recorded (T ₂ ) - from turning on the furnace until the steam is stopped.

K = T ₂ / T ₁

The correction factor K is calculated once for gluing the entire product.

Next, take a small weighed portion of the glue prepared for this product, dry it in a microwave oven, weigh it again and calculate the percentage of water (P) in the glue prepared for this product:

P = (P ₁ -P ₂ ) / P ₁ × 100%,

where P ₁ is the weight of the glue before drying, P ₂ is the weight of the glue after drying. Then determine the mass of water (B), which must be evaporated from a given volume of blocks, for which a syringe with glue is weighed before gluing (P ₃ ) and after gluing the blocks (P ₄ ). B = (P ₃ -P ₄ ) × P. Knowing the power of the microwave oven (W) and the specific heat of water vaporization (L), the time of evaporation of water from these blocks (T) is calculated by the formula

T = (K × B × L) / W

High-temperature glue based on Na, Ka, or Al silicate, specially prepared for each type of brick used for laying the firebox of this assembled stove or fireplace, is used as glue, maximally bringing together the thermomechanical properties of glue and brick, since the most critical are created in the fire chamber operating conditions of bricks. To do this, a powder of brick is introduced into the composition of the adhesive as a filler, preferably from the same from which the product is laid. During the operation of the stove, fireplace, such glue is sintered with bricks in a monolithic structure, strong, reliable and durable.

The second stage of laying the stove, fireplace, which consists in assembling the product from glued blocks, is carried out at the place of operation. The assembly of the product is carried out by gluing the prepared blocks into the finished product, and the same glue is used as glue as for gluing the blocks.

With this method of laying stoves and fireplaces, the finished product is obtained in very high quality. The strength of the masonry decreases with increasing thickness of the seams, since with a change in temperature the mortar seam is deformed more than brick. In the proposed method, clay or cement mortar is not used at all, glue is used instead, and the seams are very thin, which increases the strength of the masonry. The manufacturing process of the product in the workshop is carried out on a small site from 2 m to 4 m in size, on which the product is collected dry, and on the area occupied by the microwave oven, which is only 1.5 m to 2 m. The manufacturing time of the oven or fireplace both in the preparatory period and during assembly at the place of operation. At the place of installation of the stove or fireplace, their masonry, which consists in gluing the prepared blocks, is several hours, excluding the time for the manufacture of the foundation, pipe, walkways, etc. Watering the bricks is not required, drying is optional, after the assembly is complete, the product is ready for use. The room remains clean and can soon be used for its intended purpose, which is very convenient for the customer. The working conditions of the stoves are improved, since the method allows one to practically get rid of brick dust at the installation site of the stove or fireplace.

In the process of implementing the method at the first stage, carried out in a production environment, sequentially perform the following steps:

- in order to bind the product to the workplace, a working drawing (order) of the product is developed;

- sort bricks, chamfer them, or pick up even bricks without chips;

- bricks are cut in accordance with the procedures on a stone-cutting machine, for example, the company "Golz" ST-120A;

- lay out the prepared bricks in accordance with the rules;

- develop blocks in accordance with the rules, taking into account the design of a particular furnace, its device, as well as taking into account the convenience of on-site assembly;

- prepare the glue for this product, adding to it as a filler a powder of brick, preferably from the same from which the laying of the stove or fireplace;

- calculate the drying time of the blocks in the microwave oven according to the formula;

- prepared bricks are glued into blocks in a microwave oven;

- glued blocks are dried in a microwave oven for the time calculated for this product according to the formula.

The adhesive used is a high-temperature adhesive based on Na silicate, or Ka, or Al, prepared for this product by adding brick powder as a filler.

At this point, the first stage of the method execution is completed. The second final step of the method is implemented at the installation site of the stove or fireplace and consists in gluing the prepared blocks into the finished product using high-temperature glue based on Na, Ka, or Al silicate with the addition of brick powder, as for gluing blocks.

Examples of the method.

1. From appropriately prepared bricks (chamfering, cutting on a machine), blocks were formed according to the developed procedure. The bricks were glued into blocks using high-temperature glue based on Na silicate and dried in a microwave oven for 3 minutes. The glue was not specially prepared, the drying time of the blocks was not calculated. We got one unit, transferred to the installation site. The block fell apart, inside the seam the glue had not yet dried, and part of it flowed out. The drying time of the blocks in this case was insufficient, and the glue was too liquid.

2. The laying of the furnace was carried out analogously to example 1 with the difference that the glue was prepared by adding brick powder as a filler, and before the gluing of the bricks into the blocks, the percentage of water in the prepared glue - P was calculated. 10 g of glue were taken (P ₁ ) , dried it in a microwave oven, weighed (P ₂ ) - 8 g, drying time (T ₁ ) was 56 seconds. The percentage of water in the adhesive was determined: P = (10-8) / 10 × 100% = 20%. Then they took 10 g of glue and applied it in a thin layer on a brick, which was covered on top with another brick and placed in a microwave oven. Drying time T ₂ was 170 seconds. The correction factor was calculated: K = T ₂ / T ₁ = 3. Next, we determined the mass of water (B) in this tab of the blocks, for which weighed the syringe with glue before gluing the blocks: (P ₃ ) = 500 g and after gluing the blocks: (P ₄ ) = 200 g. We determined the mass of water: B = (P _3- P ₄ ) × P = (500 g-200 g) × 0.2 = 60 g. Next, we calculated the time of evaporation of water from this bookmark blocks (T) by the formula T = (K × B × L) / W = ( 3 × 60 g × 2256 J / g) / 1000 J / sec = 396.08 sec = 6 min, where L = 2256 J / g is the specific heat of water vaporization, W = 1000 J / sec is the power of the microwave oven. The blocks were dried for 6 minutes, then transported to the assembly place, where they were glued with the same glue. The quality of the masonry met the necessary requirements.

From the above examples, it follows that the use of the formula derived by the inventors for calculating the drying time of the blocks allows us to determine the optimal drying regime for a given product and to rationally use the equipment. In combination with glue specially prepared for each type of brick, this makes it possible to obtain a high-quality product with thin seams.

The method is illustrated by drawings,

where figure 1 is a General view of the finished fireplace;

figure 2 - blocks from which the fireplace is assembled.

The proposed method allows the manufacture of stoves and fireplaces of any complexity and design in accordance with the wishes of the customer, as well as barbecue, barbecue, etc. The laying time of the stove or fireplace is significantly reduced, drying is not required, immediately after installation the product can be operated, and the room can be used for its intended purpose, which is very convenient for the customer. Refusal to use clay or cement mortar allows you to keep the room clean. The method makes it possible to partially mechanize the stove's labor, improve its working conditions, and practically get rid of brick dust at the place of installation of the product.

List of used literature

1. Kalashnikova EA, Loginova L.N. Stoves, fireplaces, baths, wells. 1000 practical tips. M., RIPOL classic, 2005, p.25; p.35; pg. 46-53; p.65; p.163.

2. Kolevatov V.M. A stove in a garden house. Description and construction manual. Leningrad, 1990, p.29; pg. 41-51; p. 71.

3. Kolevatov V.M. Fireplaces. Description and construction manual. St. Petersburg, the magazine "Bonfire", 1992.

4. Kolevatov V.M. and others. Frame heating and heating-cooking stoves. St. Petersburg, 1992, p. 27-30; p. 47-50.

5. Ovens. Fireplaces. Masonry. Facing. Exploitation. Directory. Compiled by Ryzhenko V.I., Selivan V.V. - M., ONICS Publishing House 21st Century, 2005, p. 48-50.

6. Ryzhenko V.I., Selivan V.V. Stoves, fireplaces. Directory. - M., ONIKS publishing house, 2006, p.23; p. 48-50.

7. Ryazankin A.I. Secrets of furnace craftsmanship. Publishing House "Knowledge". - M., 1995, p. 19-31; p. 44-45.

8. Ryazankin A.I. Secrets of furnace craftsmanship. Practical Guide. - M .: Folk art, 2004.

9. Shepelev A.M. Do-it-yourself masonry stoves. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1987, p. 54-70.

10. We build stoves, fireplaces. Universal allowance. Compiled by Chelnokova V., Rostov-on-Don, 2005, p.375-384; p. 422.

Claims (11)

1. The method of laying stoves and fireplaces, including the development of procedures, sorting bricks, chamfering, cutting bricks, laying out bricks in accordance with the dry order, laying of the product, characterized in that the masonry is made of brick blocks previously glued from prepared bricks, moreover, the gluing of bricks into blocks is carried out in a microwave oven, followed by drying of the finished blocks in it, and the drying time of the blocks is determined by the formula:
T = (K · B · L) / W, where
T is the drying time;
K is the correction factor;
B is the volume of evaporated water;
L is the specific heat of vaporization of water;
W is the power of the microwave oven. 2. The method of laying stoves and fireplaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the sorting of bricks, chamfering, cutting of bricks in accordance with the rules, the layout of the prepared bricks in accordance with the order of "dry", the development of blocks in accordance with the rules, gluing bricks in blocks in a microwave oven and drying of blocks in a microwave oven is carried out under production conditions, in the workshop. 3. The method of laying stoves and fireplaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting of bricks in accordance with the orders is carried out on a stone-cutting machine. 4. The method of laying stoves and fireplaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the gluing of bricks into blocks is carried out using high-temperature glue based on Na or Ka silicate, or Al. 5. The method of laying stoves and fireplaces according to claim 1, characterized in that brick powder is added to the high-temperature adhesive based on Na or Ka or Al silicate as a filler. 6. The method of laying stoves and fireplaces according to claim 1, characterized in that it is preferable to use brick powder of the same brick as the filler from which the product is laid. 7. The method of laying stoves and fireplaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the laying of the finished product from glued blocks is carried out at the place of its operation. 8. The method of laying stoves and fireplaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the laying of the finished product from the blocks is carried out by gluing them. 9. The method of laying stoves and fireplaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the laying of the finished product from the blocks is carried out by gluing them, and the gluing of the blocks is carried out using high-temperature glue based on silicate Na or Ka, or Al. 10. The method of laying stoves and fireplaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the laying of the finished product from the blocks is carried out by gluing them, and the gluing of the blocks is carried out using high-temperature glue based on Na or Ka silicate, or Al, and as a filler in the glue add brick powder. 11. The method of laying stoves and fireplaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the laying of the finished product from the blocks is carried out by gluing them, and the gluing of the blocks is carried out using a high-temperature adhesive based on Na or Ka silicate, or Al, and as a filler in the adhesive brick powder is added, preferably from the same brick from which the product is laid.

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