RU2641698C2 - Method for manufacture of igniting and heating means - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention describes a method for manufacture of a igniting and heating agent, comprising preparation of fuel components, heating, mixing, bottling and cooling, followed by solidification, characterized by ethanol being initially poured into the fuel preparation vessel of the ignition and heating means and heated to temperature of 35-45°C, then granular stearic acid is added to the ethanol container and stearic acid is dissolved with stirring and subsequent heating of the mixture to a temperature not exceeding the boiling temperature of ethanol 79°C, then the mixture is saponified, for which an alkali of 44-48-percent concentration is added to the container with the heated mixture at the following component ratio, wt %: stearic acid 2.5-3.5; sodium hydroxide 6.0-8.0; ethanol - the rest, then the obtained mixture is poured into the prepared forms in a hot state, cooled and the saponified film is obtained on the outer surface of the solidified mixture.

EFFECT: obtaining of an igniting means with increased shelf life and higher heat transfer.

3 cl, 1 ex, 3 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a technology for the manufacture of kindling products that can be used for domestic purposes as a fast-fired fuel for a brazier, for making fire in stoves, in the field for making fires, temporary heating in tents, and also as a means for heating food and boiling water.

Known manufacturing technology and kindling means according to the application of France No. 2629835. The tool contains a solid combustible filler and a hydrocarbon binder. As a solid combustible filler, it contains wood waste 10 mm long and 1 mm in diameter. As a hydrocarbon binder, it contains granular paraffin with a granule size of 1 mm. The ratio of wood to paraffin is (60-50) :( 40-50)% by weight. For the manufacture of compact briquettes, this mixture is cold pressed to reduce the volume by 2/3, followed by glossing the surface of the briquette by heating it at 100-150 ° C for 5 minutes to increase strength.

The disadvantages of the known technology and means include the complexity of the process and the presence of substances in the composition, which, when burned in the air, form substances harmful to human breathing.

The known technology and kindling agent according to the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2132362, IPC C10L 11/04, comprising a solid combustible filler and paraffin, the agent additionally contains ceresin in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Solid fuel filler 20-80 Paraffin 2-72 Ceresin 2-72

The fuel filler used is sawdust, peat, straw, paper, coal dust and plastic chips. A solid filler is introduced into the molten binder — a mixture of paraffin with ceresin — and mixed at a temperature that provides a homogeneous mass. Then the mass is cooled and subjected to cold pressing under pressure above 7.0 MPa.

The disadvantages of the known technology and kindling means include the formation of fumes harmful to humans during the combustion of fillers, which impedes the widespread use of the means during temporary heating of residential premises, as well as tents and other buildings in the field.

Known for more advanced technology and a kindling device according to the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 87164 - prototype, IPC C10L 7/02, C10L 11/04. The ignition device is intended for domestic use, contains a combustible body and a protective shell, the combustible body being a solid solution of stearin and ethanol, including with a filler, and the protective shell is a metal package. The filler is made of environmentally friendly porous or capillary combustible materials in the form of loose briquettes. In order to give additional consumer properties necessary in the field, repellents are added to the fuel body - substances that repel harmful insects, birds, mammals. In order to improve consumer performance, plant-derived essential oils have been added to the fuel body.

The disadvantages of the known kindling device include a short shelf life and a decrease in calorific value associated with the evaporation of ethanol.

The technical result of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype, in particular the creation of a technology that provides a kindling means with increased shelf life and higher heat dissipation.

The technical result achieved is achieved by using a combination of well-known features common with the prototype, including the preparation of components of the combustible body, their heating, mixing, bottling and cooling, followed by solidification and new features, namely, that initially, the ignition-heating means is poured into the container for preparing the combustible body ethanol and heat it to a temperature of 35-45 ° C, then granular stearic acid is poured into a container with ethanol, and with stirring and heating the mixture a temperature not exceeding boiling ethanol 79 ° C temperature, the stearic acid was dissolved, then perform omylivanie mixture, which in a container with a heated mixture of alkali added in the following ratio, wt.%:

stearic acid 2.5-3.5 sodium hydroxide 6.0-8.0 ethanol rest,

then the resulting mixture is poured in hot form into prepared forms, cooled, and a saponified film-film is obtained on the outer surface of the hardened mixture.

Saponification of the mixture is carried out with caustic soda 44-48% concentration.

The filling of the heated mixture is carried out in the finished packaging - in metal or plastic forms with a lid.

The filling of the heated mixture is carried out in molds, and the packaging of the frozen and shaped mixture is carried out in paper, cardboard or polyethylene.

Mixing a mixture of ethanol with stearic acid, heated to a temperature not exceeding the boiling point of ethanol at 79 ° C, is carried out periodically with intervals between stirring at 0.1 times of the entire process of preparing the mixture.

The novelty of the proposed method is the initial filling of ethanol with a kindling and heating agent into the fuel tank and heating it to a temperature of 35-45 ° C, then granular stearic acid is poured into the tank with ethanol and, while stirring and heating the mixture, does not exceed the boiling point ethanol 79 ° C, stearic acid is dissolved, then the mixture is saponified, for which alkali is added to the container with the heated mixture in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

stearic acid 2.5-3.5 sodium hydroxide 6.0-8.0 ethanol rest,

then the resulting mixture is poured in hot form into prepared forms, cooled, and a saponified film-film is obtained on the outer surface of the hardened mixture.

So, the initial pouring of ethanol, a heating and heating agent, into a tank for preparing a combustible body and heating it to a temperature of 35-45 ° C prevents intensive evaporation of ethanol and the dissolution of granular stearic acid begins.

Pouring granular stearic acid into a container with heated ethanol and then mixing it with ethanol and dissolving when the mixture is heated to a temperature not exceeding the boiling point of ethanol 79 ° C, stearic acid provides a good uniform dissolution and distribution of stearic acid in the volume of ethanol, which favorably affects operational properties of the kindling agent - good ignition, sufficient flame height and temperature created.

Saponification of the mixture, when added to the container with a heated mixture of alkali (caustic soda) in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

stearic acid 2.5-3.5 sodium hydroxide 6.0-8.0 ethanol rest,

then the resulting mixture is poured in hot form into prepared forms, cooled and a saponified film-film is obtained on the outer surface of the hardened mixture, which allows to obtain an abrasion-resistant film-film on the outer surface of the hardened mixture, which prevents the evaporation of ethanol and helps to increase the shelf life of finished products .

Signs of saponification of the mixture, carried out with caustic soda of 44-48% concentration, pouring the heated mixture into the finished packaging in metal or plastic forms with a lid, filling the heated mixture into molds, and packaging the cured and converted mixture into paper, cardboard or polyethylene as well as stirring a mixture of ethanol with stearic acid, heated to a temperature not exceeding the boiling point of ethanol at 79 ° C, periodically with 0.1-time intervals between stirring of the whole preparation process Ia mixture - are features dependent on the main disclosure of the principal features and aimed at achieving the technical result of the invention.

According to the patent information research, no combination of known and new features of the present invention was found in the sources of patent and scientific and technical information, which makes it possible to attribute the features to novelty.

Since the proposed combination of features is not known from the existing level of technology and does not follow from it explicitly, and allows you to get a higher and even unexpected technical result, the proposed essential features and their combination can be considered to have an inventive step.

The description of the implementation of the proposed method using the device, including a specific example, allows it to be attributed to the industrial feasibility.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a kindling-heating means poured into a metal container with a lid in a section through which the proposed method is carried out.

In FIG. 2 schematically shows a kindling-heating agent in paper packaging.

In FIG. 3 shows, on an enlarged scale, a saponified protective sheath-film on the outer surface of the hardened combustible composition of the agent.

The proposed method of manufacturing a heating and heating agent is illustrated by graphic images on which the heating and heating agent 1 is poured into a metal container 2 with a tight-fitting lid 3. The container 2 can be made of either metal or plastic or cardboard. The packaging of the hardened heating and heating agent 1 can be made of paper 4. On the outer surface of the heating and heating agent 1, a protective film 5 is formed, which prevents the evaporation of ethanol and allows to increase the shelf life of the heating and heating agent made using the proposed method. The combustible body of agent 1 is a solid solution of stearic acid, ethanol and alkali.

The kindling-heating agent is made in the following way.

A predetermined weight amount of ethanol is poured into the container for preparing the product. Then ethanol is heated to a temperature of 35-45 ° C, granular stearic acid is poured into it in an amount of 2.5-3.5%, after which the resulting mixture is continued to be heated to a temperature of 75-78 ° C, without bringing the mixture to a boil. With a decrease in the amount of stearic acid of less than 2.5%, the combustion temperature of the combustible body decreases and the necessary degree of solidification of the finished product is not achieved. With an increase in the amount of stearic acid of more than 3.5% in the mixture, the amount of combustible impurities harmful to human health will increase. In this case, a mixture of ethanol with stearic acid is periodically mixed to more completely dissolve stearic acid in ethanol, to prevent clumping and a more complete and high-quality chemical reaction. After dissolving the stearic acid and heating the mixture to a temperature of 75-78 ° C, alkali (caustic soda) in the amount of 6.0-8.0% is added to the mixture and the mixture is mixed again. Adding alkali to a mixture of stearic acid with ethanol at a temperature close to boiling the mixture allows saponification to be carried out most effectively. With the earlier addition of alkali to the mixture, as well as with an increase in the temperature of the mixture over 79 ° C, saponification loses its technical characteristics and properties. If the alkali in the composition is less than 6.0%, then the saponification of the mixture will sharply decrease. An increase in the amount of alkali in the composition of more than 8.0% leads to an increase in the cost of the final product and does not affect the quality of the saponification of the mixture. Then, in a liquid state, a mixture of stearic acid, ethanol and alkali is poured into metal or paper or plastic forms prepared in advance, which, after filling, are tightly closed and packaged in containers. After cooling and solidification of the mixture on the outer surface of the combustible body of the heating-up heating agent, a protective shell-film is formed from a mixture of ethanol saponified with alkali and stearin. Packaging means is carried out either in a metal container with lids, or in paper, cardboard or polyethylene.

Before use, for example for heating a tent, the top of the kindling means is opened (the lid is removed on a metal container), installed on a non-combustible stand and set on fire. The burning time of the kindling agent, depending on its volume, lasts for 6.0-24.0 hours. A kindling agent with a volume of 300 ml burns for 6-8 hours, plus or minus 1 hour, including during wind and rain.

A specific example of the proposed method.

200 l of ethanol was poured into a container of 250 l volumes for preparation. Then ethanol was heated to a temperature of 40 ° C and granular stearic acid was poured into it in an amount of 3.0 L, after which the resulting mixture was continued to be heated to a temperature of 77 ° C, without bringing the mixture to a boil. In this case, a mixture of ethanol with stearic acid is periodically mixed to more completely dissolve stearic acid in ethanol, to prevent clumping and a more complete and high-quality chemical reaction. After the stearic acid was dissolved and the mixture was heated to a temperature of 77 ° C, alkali (caustic soda) was added to the mixture in an amount of 7.0 L and the mixture was again mixed. The saponification process was carried out more efficiently. Then, in a liquid state, a mixture of stearic acid, ethanol and alkali was poured into metal and plastic forms prepared in advance, which, after filling and curing, were packaged in containers. After cooling and solidification of the mixture on the outer surface of the combustible body of the ignition-heating agent, a protective shell-film was formed from a mixture of ethanol and stearic acid saponified with alkali. Part of the product was packaged in a metal container with lids, and part was wrapped in thick paper. Before using, for example, for heating the tent, the kindling means wrapped in paper was opened (the lid was removed on a metal container), mounted on a non-combustible stand and set on fire. The burning time of a kindling agent with a volume of 300 ml lasted for 6.0 hours.

At present, the enterprise has developed technical documentation for the proposed kindling agent, made an experimental batch of the agent, and tested it, which showed positive results.

The air in a tent with dimensions of 3 × 4 meters and an average height of 1.8 meters with one kindling agent with a volume of 300 ml was heated to a temperature of 21 ° C for 30 minutes. This temperature was maintained for 8.0 hours at an external air temperature of 12 ° C in minutes.

Claims (5)

1. A method of manufacturing a kindling-heating agent, comprising preparing the components of a combustible body, heating, mixing, bottling and cooling them, followed by solidification, characterized in that ethanol is initially poured into a container for preparing a combustible heating-body heating agent and heated to a temperature of 35 -45 ° C, then granular stearic acid is poured into the container with ethanol, and with stirring and subsequent heating of the mixture to a temperature not exceeding the boiling point of ethanol 79 ° C, st aryne acid is dissolved, then perform omylivanie mixture, which in a container with the heated mixture was added alkali 44-48 percent concentration at the following component ratio, wt.%: stearic acid 2.5-3.5 sodium hydroxide 6.0-8.0 ethanol rest, then the resulting mixture is poured in hot form into prepared forms, cooled, and a saponified film-film is obtained on the outer surface of the hardened mixture. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the filling of the heated mixture is carried out in the finished packaging - in metal or plastic forms with a lid. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the filling of the heated mixture is carried out in molds, and the packaging of the frozen and shaped mixture is carried out in paper, cardboard or polyethylene.

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