RU2538399C2 - Method and product (versions) of processing suspension of plankton chlorella strains, algolised compound food, method of obtaining thereof, method of introducing product of processing into system of watering birds or pigs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to biotechnology, namely to method of processing suspension of plankton strains of Chlorella. Method includes electrofloatation, separation of formed foam together with small amount of suspension or culture medium, sufficient for providing cell density from 30 to 1000 mln/ml in obtained Chlorella biomass concentrate, with obtaining Chlorella biomass concentrate and purified culture medium. Culture medium is concentrated. Method makes it possible to obtain products in form of Chlorella biomass concentrate, culture medium concentrate and their mixture. Method of granulated compound food algolisation includes introduction of product obtained by processing suspension of plankton Chlorella strains with density of Chlorella cells from 50 to 500 mln/ml into compound food either before granulation into mixer or directly in the process of granulation into granulator in amount 2-3 wt %. Method of direct supply of Chlorella concentrate into system of watering birds or pigs includes dosed supply of concentrate via medicator in amount, providing density of Chlorella cells in water 10-50 mln/ml.

EFFECT: realisation of invention provides increased efficiency of Chlorella processing, namely ensures reduction of expenditures and increased manufacturability of application of products obtained as a result of Chlorella processing.

10 cl, 10 ex

Description

The invention relates to biotechnology, and in particular to a method for processing a suspension of planktonic strains of chlorella.

All over the world, chlorella is used in three forms:

- in dry form (powder, tablets). Mostly tablets as dietary supplements for humans;

- in the form of a paste;

- in the form of a suspension.

Disadvantages of use in dry form: low digestibility of dry matter and large losses of biologically active substances during drying and storage, i.e. the value of the finished product becomes an order of magnitude lower than the original.

The pasta already begins to deteriorate within a few hours, due to the high content of protein and fats, so it can be preserved with salt, chemical preservatives or frozen.

The disadvantage of using the suspension in the need to transport large volumes of liquid (suspension) is the high transportation costs and low manufacturability of methods for feeding the suspension for different types of animals (the design of animal watering systems is poorly or not at all suitable for these purposes).

Known methods for producing a suspension of chlorella strains of Chlorella vulgaris IGF No. C-111 and BIN in plants (chlorella cultivators) of various designs. The density of chlorella cells in the resulting suspension ranges from a few million / ml to 10-15 million / ml. Chlorella suspension with such a cell density can be effectively used in almost all areas of animal husbandry and crop production (RF patents: No. 2454067, No. 2448453, No. 2448457). A common drawback of the use of chlorella suspension is not only the need to move (transport) large volumes of the suspension, but also the low technological effectiveness of the use or the inability to use the suspension in some directions, for example, algolization of chlorella feed.

A known method of feeding a suspension of chlorella to various animal species (Suspension of chlorella in the diets of farm animals. / NI Bogdanov - 2nd edition, corrected and supplemented. Volgograd, 2007 - 58 s), according to which the suspension of chlorella in accordance with the standards Feeding for each species and groups of animals is included in existing animal watering systems, mixed with feed immediately before feeding, or introduced into the granules in the production of granular feed.

The specified method is not technological, time-consuming and requires significant costs for the transportation of large volumes of chlorella suspension. It is not possible to significantly increase the percentage of protein in feed and affect the strength of granules by adding a suspension of chlorella due to the low concentration of chlorella cells in a commodity suspension and the limited percentage of input of the suspension into the feed due to an increase in its moisture content (not more than 3%).

A known method of feeding animals pasty biomass of chlorella (Salnikova M.Ya. Chlorella - a new type of feed / M.Ya. Salnikova. - M .: Kolos, 1977. - 95 s), the method requires canning of pasty chlorella with various preservatives, salt or by freezing.

A known method of feeding animals dry dry Chlorella biomass in the form of a powder (Salnikova M.Ya. Chlorella - a new type of feed / M.Ya. Salnikova. - M .: Kolos, 1977. - 95 pp. And Muzafarov AM Cultivation and use of microalgae / AM Muzafarov , T.T. Taubaev. - Tashkent: Fan of the Uzbek SSR, 1984. - 136 pp.), Which is too costly and ineffective due to the low digestibility of dry chlorella biomass by animals.

The present invention allows to eliminate the disadvantages of using chlorella and effectively process the suspension of chlorella to obtain 3 products in one technological process. Also, the method provides a reduction in costs and an increase in the manufacturability of the use of chlorella in the form of processed products (concentrates) in medicine, cosmetology, animal husbandry and crop production and other industries.

To achieve a technical result, it is proposed to thicken a suspension of planktonic strains of chlorella 10 times or more (preferably 30-50 times).

The original commodity suspension obtained in special plants (chlorella cultivators) has a low cell density. Obtaining a higher density of cells in the process of photosynthesis or cultivation of chlorella is irrational and is associated with the use of more intensive technology, complex and expensive plants and a significant increase in the cost of the final product. The proposed method allows to significantly, up to 100 times, increase the concentration of cells in suspension, without disturbing the initial balance of chlorella metabolites in the culture medium and without destroying the microalgae cells themselves.

The processing of a suspension of planktonic strains of chlorella can be carried out in three stages, while at each of these stages biologically valuable products differ in properties and directions of use.

At the first stage, by electroflotation of the initial suspension of chlorella, two products are obtained:

- concentrated biomass of chlorella cells (CBH), which is a concentrate of living chlorella cells in a culture medium;

- a purified chlorella culture medium (CSC), which is a chlorella culture medium, purified from chlorella microalgae cells.

At the second stage, using the reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration method, thickening the purified KSX obtained at the first stage is carried out from 5 to 100 times and obtaining a concentrated chlorella culture medium (KKSX).

In the third stage, CBH and CCC are mixed and a concentrated suspension of chlorella (CC) is obtained.

The proposed method is feasible only with planktonic strains that have pronounced bactericidal properties, for example, with strains of Chlorella vulgaris IFR No. C-111 (SU 1751981, C12N 1/12, 02/10/1997) and BIN (RU 2263141, C12N 1/12, 10.02 .2005) or daughter chlorella strains obtained on their basis (301670, C12N 1/12, 05/19/2010) with high bactericidal qualities. The high bactericidal properties of planktonic strains inhibit the microflora from the outbreak and prevent a quantitative and qualitative change in the bacterial background even when the cells thicken tens of times relative to the initial density. Chlorella cells remain in the same living state as in the commodity suspension. In addition, KKSX, i.e. the concentration of antibiotic substances (chlorellin and others) is ten times higher. But in principle, and in KBH, it allows cells to not deteriorate. The antibiotic substances secreted by chlorella cells (chlorellin and others) do not suppress the beneficial microflora of the intestines of animals, but only pathogenic, therefore, it does no harm to the body, unlike all known antibiotics used in animal husbandry.

The presence of high bactericidal qualities in planktonic strains of chlorella provides a significant shelf life of the products obtained under normal conditions and does not require their preservation.

A detailed description of the implementation of the method of processing a suspension of chlorella.

Stage 1.

According to the known method (SU No. 1091890), the initial suspension of chlorella is subjected to electroflotation, positively formed oxygen bubbles resulting from electrolysis of water, positively contribute to the ascent and concentration of biomass to the surface, then the biomass is removed into the receiver.

When only foam is removed from the surface, a highly concentrated biomass of chlorella cells is obtained. The shelf life of highly concentrated biomass under normal conditions is no more than one day due to the high concentration of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in it. To increase the shelf life of biomass, it must be preserved by adding sodium chloride, preservatives or freezing.

We found that when chlorella cells are added to a highly concentrated biomass in a certain proportion sufficient to ensure cell density from 30 to 1000 million / ml in the resulting chlorella biomass concentrate, culture medium or chlorella suspension (with high bactericidal properties), a concentrated product can be obtained Chlorella cell biomass (CBH), which is already capable of being stored for at least 90 days under normal conditions.

In practice, this is achieved by the fact that the removal of foam from the surface of the suspension during electroflotation occurs simultaneously with a small amount of chlorella suspension, i.e. the foam is not taken in its pure form, but with a suspension of chlorella. Chlorella suspension has high bactericidal properties and acts as a preservative even with a 100-fold increase in cell density than in the original chlorella suspension.

The resulting purified Chlorella culture medium (CSC) is also a valuable biological product in which a wide complex of biologically active substances, exometabolites of chlorella cells (Chlorella, physiologically active substances and their use, is found dissolved. SS Melnikova, E.E. Manankina Institute of Photobiology, Academy of Sciences of the BSSR, Minsk, 1991).

Stage 2

To thicken the purified culture medium of chlorella (CSC) to values from 5 to 100 times, use the known reverse osmosis method or ultrafiltration.

By the reverse osmosis method, all substances in a purified culture medium (exometabolites of chlorella cells) are concentrated and pure solvent (water) is isolated from the solution, with the exception of a certain amount of monovalent ions Na, K, Cl. Practically reverse osmosis reduces to thickening the purified culture medium of chlorella and obtaining a product of a concentrated culture medium of chlorella. No one has yet used this thickening method for the Chlorella culture medium. There is a wide variety of reverse osmosis plants today. Concentration is carried out at least an order of magnitude, and if necessary, 30-50 times. The storage period of KKSX is at least 12 months.

Concentration can be carried out by ultrafiltration. Using a pump, the culture medium under pressure is filtered from inside to outside of the hollow fibers of the UV module. Purified water passes through the porous walls of the hollow fibers and is then used as ordinary pure water. Particles of the Chlorella culture medium with a size of 0.01-0.1 μm remain inside the hollow fibers of the UV module. As a result of washing the fibers, the concentrated culture medium of chlorella is collected in the drive of the thickened culture medium.

The ultrafiltration method is simpler in its execution, but it allows you to concentrate only a certain range of substances of the Chlorella culture medium, the molecular sizes of which are in the range from 0.01 to 0.1 μm, which is its significant drawback.

Stage 3.

To obtain KH mix KKSH and KBH. The amount of CBH and CCC depends on the field of application of the final product, on the concentration (degree of thickening relative to the initial) of CBC and CCC. It can be mixed in various concentrations for different applications. In some cases, obtaining KX is advisable from one volume of the initial suspension, i.e. get and thickened biomass KBH, and thickened KKSX and then mix them. In this case, we can talk about the product, thickened relative to the original commodity suspension several times (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, etc.).

Shelf life of CH is at least 6 months, under normal conditions.

The proposed method is cheap, simple and reliable. The increase in the cost of processing one liter of chlorella suspension into concentrated KH will be no more than 10% of the cost of production of the marketable chlorella suspension itself, and CBH no more than 5%.

Characterization of the obtained products of the processing of a suspension of chlorella.

The proposed method does not violate the structure and integrity of chlorella cells in the resulting products CBH and CH. Chlorella cells retain all their properties, remain intact and capable of reproduction and photosynthesis throughout the entire shelf life. The concentrated chlorella culture medium (CCX) retains all the properties of the original purified culture medium and the balance of chlorella exometabolites.

The CBH product is a concentrate of biomass of chlorella cells with a cell density ranging from 30 to 1000 million / ml, depending on the required value of thickening (concentration).

The KKSX product is a culture medium remaining after separation of microalgae cells, concentrated 5-100 times.

A concentrated suspension of chlorella (KX) is a valuable biologically active product obtained by mixing the above products in effective amounts.

The use of the resulting products of the processing of planktonic strains of chlorella.

Each of the Products we have has its own high biological value and different applications.

When using a suspension of chlorella in crop production by higher plants (the root system or the aerial part), only exometabolites of chlorella cells dissolved in the culture medium are used. At the same time, the chlorella cells themselves are not absorbed by higher plants and, in fact, are unnecessary ballast. In this case, valuable biological material is lost - the biomass of chlorella cells. Therefore, in crop production it is much more profitable to use a thickened chlorella culture medium (CCC) instead of a commercial suspension of chlorella, and use the resulting thickened biomass of chlorella cells in other areas, for example, in animal husbandry, medicine, cosmetologists, etc.

KKSX can be widely and effectively used in crop production as a growth stimulator, immunomodulator and additional nutrition for plants, in order to improve seed germination and increase the yield of various cereals, vegetables and flower crops.

One of the important directions of using KBH and KH is algolization of compound feed.

Algolization of feed obtained products has the following advantages.

1. The increase in the strength of the granules. A very important parameter of granular feed. Moreover, depending on the degree of thickening of the products (thickening coefficient), it is possible to change the strength of the granules in the widest ranges. They can be made almost "glass", that is, very strong, but such strength will reduce the digestibility of feed.

The strength of the feed characterizes crumbling, which is determined according to GOST 28497-90.

There are GOST R 51899-2002 Granulated feed. General specifications. In them, for example, the crumbling of granules for different animal species is determined:

- for farm animals - 22%,

- for rabbits, nutria and fur animals - 8%,

- for fish - 5%,

- for horses - 7%.

The use of concentrated products in the production of feed, i.e. algolization of feed by CBH and KH products can reduce the percentage of crumbling to 1% or less, depending on the concentration of the products themselves. The amount of introduced products remains 3% of the mass of algolized compound feed at a density of chlorella cells from 50 to 500 million / ml.

In the usual production of granular feed, so-called binders are important, which are introduced not only to increase the strength of the granules, but also to reduce the consumption of steam, energy, and increase productivity. As such substances, liquid products are most often used, such as fat, hydrol, molasses, etc., and powdered - bentonites. Some of the listed substances increase the nutritional value of compound feeds (fat, molasses), enrich compound feeds with microelements (bentonites). The amount of added binders is usually small - up to 3%. However, it is recommended that a large amount of fat be added to recipes for some compound feeds for birds - up to 6%. Fat introduced in an amount of more than 3% ceases to be a binder component. Moreover, with the introduction of more fat, the performance of the press and the strength of the granules decrease (the granules significantly lose their strength). In this case, it is possible to use another binder, usually, for example, bentonite, which allows to improve the granulation process of compound feed. However, the introduction of concentrated products with chlorella is much more effective and can reduce the percentage of granule crumbling by almost an order of magnitude. When products of high concentration (with a high thickening coefficient) are introduced into the feed, the percentage of the introduced protein also increases, which significantly increases the nutritional value of the algolized feed.

An increase in the strength of the granules directly affects the increase in the efficiency of the press.

The efficiency of the press is the ratio of the number of whole granules to the entire product obtained after pressing. The higher the strength of the granules, the higher the efficiency. The strength of the granules is an important indicator of their quality. If the granules are not strong enough, then they are destroyed during transportation, loading into bins, storage, transportation.

For example, feed for broiler chickens contains a lot of fat and protein and a little fiber, therefore, to increase the hardness of the granules, a concentration of at least 5 times higher relative to the commodity suspension is required.

For young birds, granules ⌀2 ... 3 mm are required, however, it is impractical to produce such granules due to a sharp decrease in press productivity and an increase in specific energy consumption. The granulation process in the production of such granules is unstable, matrix dies are clogged with compound feed. For example, when the press switches to the production of ⌀2.4 mm pellets instead of 4.7 mm, its productivity decreases by about four times, and the specific energy consumption increases by more than two times. Therefore, small granular mixed feeds are obtained by grinding granules ⌀ 4.7 ... 9.7 mm, followed by calibration on sieves with specific sizes. So, for chickens and broilers from 1 to 30 days, the residue on a sieve with ⌀3 mm holes should not exceed 20%, and the passage of a sieve with ⌀1 mm holes should not exceed 18%.

The granules are crushed so as to obtain a minimum of a fine fraction, which must be sent for re-granulation. The amount of such a fraction should not exceed 30%, and the grain yield should be at least 70%.

Our proposed method of algolization of compound feed with thickened biomass of chlorella KBH and KH can significantly increase the strength and reduce the crumbiness of the granules used to obtain the grits. Due to the reduction in crumbling when receiving grits for chickens and broilers from 1 to 30 days, the passage of a sieve with an opening with a diameter of 1 mm is not more than 2%, and the yield of grits is not less than 95%.

This effect is achieved when the feed is algolized with the thickened biomass of chlorella KBH and KH in the amount of 3% by weight of the feed with a thickening coefficient of KBH and KH equal to 5 or higher.

The thickened biomass of chlorella KBH and KX is fed directly to the mixer in front of the granulator.

2. The increase in the nutritional value of feed.

Compound feed recipes are specially prepared for the age and economic group of animals (calves, dairy cows, fattening cattle); bird feed is starter, fattening, for laying hens.

Nutrition of compound feeds is determined by calculation according to the corresponding nutritional tables for three main indicators: according to the content of feed units in 100 kg of feed; by the content of digested protein (in grams per 1 feed, unit); fiber content (in%).

By changing the coefficient of thickening (concentration) of chlorella products, you can change the nutritional value of algolized feed according to the formulations. Since the density of chlorella cells in these products is quite high, and the protein content in the absolutely dry substance of chlorella reaches 50-60%, it can be argued that this method of algolization will be of great importance for the feed industry. It is known that the chlorella protein is valuable not only due to its high content in the completely dry substance of chlorella, but also due to the balanced and complete composition of the essential amino acids in the chlorella protein. We have obtained a cheap, very valuable product, which is easy to include in the feed production chain. At the same time, the composition of the feed is enriched to the maximum with biologically active substances of natural origin, i.e. natural plant. Hence not only high economic results, but also environmentally friendly products with high consumer qualities.

No one in the world has included such a product in feed, only a marketable suspension of chlorella was included. Since it has a low cell density (about 10 million / ml), and the percentage of its inclusion in the feed is 3-5%, there are limited opportunities to increase the biological value of the feed in the old way and, accordingly, the economic effect.

3. Decrease in bacterial seeding and increase the shelf life of algalized feed.

Storage of a large amount of processed product (and feed is such) is associated with its oxidation, loss of nutritional value, etc. If storage rules are not followed, fats (triglycerides), vegetable oils and products containing a large amount of fat (feed fat, meat, meat and bone meal and fish meal), which are widely used in animal feed as an energy source, are oxidized. Their oxidation not only negatively affects the palatability of the feed, but also reduces its energy value.

The process of oxidation of fats and vegetable oils is a multi-factor process and depends on temperature (the higher the temperature, the faster oxidation is), humidity, the presence of oxygen, traces of metals, exposure to light, etc.

The longer the storage period of the feed, especially in conditions of elevated temperature and humidity, the higher the risk of losses caused by mold damage.

Spoiled compound feed is especially dangerous for laying hens and for young animals in the initial period of its growth. Corrupted feed particles further become a source of fresh feed contamination in the feeders.

Molds and bacteria, developing, use the energy of feed and feed. The development of fungi can also lead to a deterioration in the taste of the food and its contamination with mycotoxins.

Aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, and trichothecines pose the greatest danger to human and animal health.

As a result of feeding compound feeds containing feed components contaminated with mycotoxins (corn, soybeans, etc.), poultry breeders suffer heavy losses. Damage occurs as a result of direct death, a decrease in gain in live weight, a decrease in egg production, hatchability of eggs (embryotoxicity) and resistance to diseases (coccidiosis, bacterial and viral infections).

During algolization with thickened products of CBH or CH, a kind of glossy film forms on the surface of the feed pellets. Thus, the packaging effect of each individual feed pellet is obtained. At the same time, a glossy film (crust) prevents the free penetration of microorganisms into the granule itself and oxygen. There is a double effect of "canning". Inside the granules, the high bactericidal properties of chlorella act, and from the outside a protective shell.

Due to its high bactericidal properties, feed with the inclusion of chlorella is less susceptible to pathogenic microorganisms, which can significantly extend the shelf life of the feed.

A method of obtaining an algolized feed.

In feed mills, two methods of producing granulated feed are used - dry and wet. In the first method, dry bulk feeds are compressed before pressing, sometimes liquid binders (molasses, hydrol, fat, etc.) are added to them. In the wet method, hot water (70 ... 80 ° C) is added to the feed in an amount that provides a dough with a moisture content of 30 ... 35%, then granules are formed from the dough, dried and cooled.

Dry granulation. To do this, use a press with a rotating ring matrix.

In the paddle mixer there are nozzles for supplying hot water or any binder fluid, as well as a chamber for supplying steam. The prepared compound feed enters the pressing part of the granulator, which is a rotating annular matrix and two pressing rollers (three in some designs).

The product in the pressing part is drawn into a wedge-shaped gap between the rotating matrix and the roller driven into rotation by the material (due to friction). When moving the product in a wedge-shaped gap, the material is pressed, which increases its density. At the moment when the compressive stress exceeds the resistance of the material previously pressed into the die of the matrix, the product located in the wedge-shaped gap begins to be pressed into the die and moved into them. The process is accompanied by the extension of the granules beyond the outer surface of the matrix, which ends when the die passes through the section, where the wedge-shaped gap has the smallest height. Having passed through spinnerets, the product takes the shape and size of granules with the corresponding density and strength. When leaving the matrix, the granules are cut with two knives, approximating or moving which can be adjusted the length of the granule. The strength of the granules can be changed by different product preparation, by changing the gap between the roll and the matrix.

The method of algolization of granular compound feed consists in introducing the product of processing a suspension of planktonic strains of chlorella KBH or KX into the feed before granulating it into a mixer or directly during granulation (into a granulator) in the amount of 3 wt.% Of the algolized mass of the feed, the maximum input percentage (amount ) the product in the feed is determined by the maximum permissible moisture value of the finished feed.

The use of CBH and CH is not limited only to the algolization of compound feeds, they can be used in various directions: for algolization of substrates when growing mushrooms (oyster mushroom), for the production of dietary supplements for humans, in cosmetology, for the enrichment of food products (bread, pasta, ice cream and etc.), for algolization of reservoirs, in animal husbandry for the enrichment of feed rations through drinking systems and directly added to feed. KKSX can be used in the cultivation of vegetables and flowers on hydroponics and soil, any crops - bread and legumes.

So algolization of water bodies, carried out according to the method (Patent No. 2370458, published on 20.10.2009), provides for the repeated introduction of a significant amount of chlorella suspension into the water bodies. We used a suspension of the Chlorella vulgaris IGF S-111 strain with a transmittance of 1.4-6 in the amount of 15-25 l per 1 million m ^{3 of} water, and in bays, gullies and places of wind surges at the rate of 15-25 l / ha. This is associated with high costs during transportation. Transportation costs are the main cost item for algolization by a reservoir. This is also due to the impossibility of obtaining a suspension of chlorella at the location of water bodies, since its cultivation is associated with certain conditions (premises, equipment, technology, etc.).

Therefore, the use of a CBH product with high thickening values of the initial chlorella suspension would contribute to a significant reduction in costs when carrying out work on the algolization of water bodies.

The possibility of carrying out the invention is illustrated, but not limited to examples.

Chlorella vulgaris of the desired density is prepared as follows.

Carry out the cultivation of commodity slurry in production plants. To put production plants into operation, the required volume of uterine culture of chlorella is obtained in separate plants - mother liquors. In the uterine plants Chlorella vulgaris (IGF No. C-111) is cultivated by extensive technology. On the uterine device, an increase in cell density occurs up to 15 million cells in 1 ml. The resulting uterine culture of chlorella is introduced into the production unit in an amount of 20% of its total volume. The initial cell density in the suspension of the production plant is about 3 million cells per 1 ml. For three days of operation of the production plant, the density of the commodity suspension reaches 10 million cells in 1 ml. After that, the finished suspension is discharged for further use, and the production unit is put back into operation.

Example 1. Description of the method of concentration (electroflotation) of chlorella.

Suspension of chlorella strain IGF No. C-111 with a cell density of 10 million / ml in an amount of 100 liters is subjected to electroflotation. In the process of thickening the suspension, foam with a small amount of suspension is selected, which after sedimentation is a concentrate of chlorella cells in a small amount of suspension. After settling for 30 minutes, a concentrated biomass product in a volume of 1 liter is obtained. The density of chlorella cells in the gelled product is 1,000 ppm. One liter of such a CBH product contains about 70 grams of absolutely dry chlorella.

The product was stored for 90 days at a temperature of 21 ° C in a dark place. After storage, KBH has the following characteristics.

According to microbiological indicators, the resulting product (CBH) meets the veterinary requirements for microbiological indicators. The product does not contain pathogens of the group of anaerobes, protea, salmonella, enterococci, enteropathogenic E. coli. In toxicological research, the product is non-toxic.

Example 2. Concentration of the culture medium by reverse osmosis.

As a result of the electroflotation of 100 liters of a suspension of chlorella, 95 liters of purified culture medium of chlorella were obtained.

The purified culture medium of chlorella (CSC) is fed to the reverse osmosis unit for thickening. The degree of thickening of the concentrated Chlorella culture medium (CCCS) depends on the operating time of the reverse osmosis unit and is determined by the ratio of the volume of the initial CCC to the volume of the obtained CCC. So, during the operation of the reverse osmosis unit for one hour, the volume of the obtained CCC product amounted to 9.5 liters. The degree of thickening of KKSH, thus, amounted to a value of 10. With continued work over the next hour, the volume of the obtained KKSH product was 1 liter. The degree of thickening of KKSH, thus, amounted to a value of 95. The product was stored for 12 months at a temperature of 21 ° C in a dark place. After storage, KKSX has the following characteristics.

According to microbiological indicators, the resulting product (CBH) meets the veterinary requirements for microbiological indicators. The product does not contain pathogens of the group of anaerobes, protea, salmonella, enterococci, enteropathogenic E. coli. In toxicological research, the product is non-toxic.

As a result of mixing 1 liter of CBH and one liter of CCC, we get a concentrated suspension of chlorella (KX) in a volume of 2 liters.

Thus, the degree of thickening of the obtained product KX is a value equal to 50.

The product was stored for 6 months at a temperature of 21 ° C in a dark place. After storage, KX has the following characteristics.

According to microbiological indicators, the resulting product (CBH) meets the veterinary requirements for microbiological indicators. The product does not contain pathogens of the group of anaerobes, protea, salmonella, enterococci, enteropathogenic E. coli. In toxicological research, the product is non-toxic

Example 3. Concentration of the culture medium by ultrafiltration.

The purified culture medium of chlorella (CSC) in the amount of 95 liters enters the ultrafiltration unit. The degree of thickening of the concentrated culture medium (KKSH) depends on the operating time of the ultrafiltration unit and is determined by the ratio of the volume of the original KSH to the volume of the obtained KKSH. So, during the operation of the installation for 50 minutes, the volume of the obtained KKSX product was 4 liters. Thus, the degree of thickening of KKSH was a value equal to about 24.

As a result of mixing 1 liter of CBH and 4 liters of CCC, we get a concentrated suspension of chlorella (KX) in a volume of 5 liters. Thus, the degree of thickening of the obtained product KX is equal to 20.

The required degree of thickening of products KX, KKSH and KBH depends on the purpose and scope of their application and can vary within different limits.

Example 4. Algolization of bird feed

When using the product KBH or KH for the algolization of poultry feeds, an increased degree of thickening is required. So broiler feed contains a lot of fat and low fiber, which adversely affects the strength of the granules. The experiment was conducted on granular feed for broilers BROILER GROWTH 11-24 days with a crude fat content of 7.11%. With the introduction of the product KBH or KH with a degree of thickening equal to 5, in the mixer in an amount of 3% by weight of the feed, the granularity of the granules decreased by 3 times relative to the control. Granule crumbling is defined as the ratio a: b, where a is the number of crushed granules passing through a sieve; b is the initial number of granules.

The use of KBH and KH products with a greater degree of thickening for algolization of compound feed is necessary in order to increase its nutritional value, high-grade protein content, the amount of metabolic energy, vitamins, trace elements, carotene, etc. In such cases, it is necessary to increase the degree of thickening of CBH and CH products to a value of 50.

Example 5. The use of processed products of the suspension of chlorella when broiler fattening.

Use of the product KBH (KH) for algolization of poultry feed for broilers: PK-5-1, PK-5-2 and PK-6, produced according to STB 1842-2008. Algolization of feed was carried out on the basis of the calculation of the volume of product CBH (KH) 3% by weight of feed. The product KBH (KX) was introduced into the mixer before the granulator. The degree of thickening of the product KBH was 30.

KKSX is a valuable biological product containing all water-soluble chlorella exometabolites in a concentrated form, therefore it must also be used in poultry feeding. The concentrated chlorella culture medium (CCCS) was introduced into the poultry drinking system in the water treatment unit through a mediator (dispenser). The mediator takes a concentrated product (KKSX), doses it with the required percentage and mixes it with water. The resulting solution is sent further through the watering network. The mediator allows you to enter into the water a certain percentage of the dosed SCC, in our case 3%. In accordance with this value, the optimal degree of thickening of KKSX should be at least 33. The volume of KKSX is calculated based on the recommended norms for feeding a suspension of chlorella for each animal and bird species. The average feeding rate for broilers of chlorella suspension with a cell density of 10 million / ml is about 20 ml / day per head. For one standard workshop with a livestock of 30.0 thousand heads, the average rate of feeding a suspension of chlorella is 600 l / day. The estimated degree of thickening of KKSH is 33. Thus, the average daily rate of KKSH for one workshop with a livestock of 30.0 thousand heads is 18.18 liters. In our example, the feeding rate of KKSX uniformly increased from 5 to 38 days of feeding of chickens from 5 to 40 liters per day in proportion to the growth of broilers.

In the course of the experiment on fattening broilers cross "Isa" the following results were obtained. In the experimental group of broilers, the increase in average daily gain was 9.8% more than in the control. The mortality of poultry for the entire period of feeding decreased by 2.4 times and amounted to 1.8%. Feed conversion decreased from 1.92 in the control to 1.73 in the experimental group. The liver of the experimental bird had a more dense texture and dark color. Cases of culling of the liver in the experimental group were single. In the experimental group during the experiment, antibiotics and other veterinary drugs were not used, with the exception of mandatory vaccinations. The taste of poultry meat and broth of the experimental group significantly differed in the control for the better.

Example 6 Submission of a KX product to the poultry system.

Under certain conditions of supplying CH to the drinking system through the mediator, the effect of direct supply of the chlorella suspension to the drinking system can be achieved. If the degree of thickening of the CH product corresponded to the percentage of dosage of the mediator so that in the drinking system the density of chlorella cells corresponded to 10 million / ml or the density of cells in the initial suspension of chlorella from which the CH product was obtained. In other words, if the degree of thickening of the CH product is equal to 33.3, and the percentage of dosing of the CH product in the drinking system through the mediator is 3%, then the effect of the direct inclusion of the chlorella suspension in the bird's drinking system can be obtained. Those. The water is turned off and the chlorella suspension is supplied directly to the system. Since they worked with a suspension of chlorella before. But earlier this led to the need to transport a large volume of chlorella suspension to livestock complexes. In this case, it was necessary to install special receiving tanks for each chlorella suspension in each water treatment unit of the poultry workshop, then turn off the water and connect the chlorella. All this must be observed by a locksmith. In our proposed method, KH can be suppressed through a mediator automatically, as vitamins, medicines, etc. are supplied through a mediator.

When implementing this method of incorporating the CH product into the drinking system through a mediator, the same results were obtained in practice when a suspension of chlorella was directly included in the drinking system in accordance with the norms of drinking for the bird.

Example 7. The use of the product KBH (KX) for fattening pigs.

CBH (KH) was fed through algolized compound feed at the rate of 3% of the introduced product relative to the mass of compound feed. The degree of thickening of CBH was equal to 20. CH was fed into the drinking system through a mediator. The dosage coefficient of CH with a mediator was 3%. In accordance with this value, the optimal degree of thickening of CH should be at least 33. The volume of CH was calculated based on the recommended norms for feeding a suspension of chlorella with a cell density of 10 million / ml for pigs. The feeding rate of a suspension of chlorella per head per day for a sow is 1 liter. For weaned piglets at the age of one month, 200 ml, 2 months, respectively 300 ml, etc. Thus, the average daily rate of feeding KH for a group of sows of 90 animals will be 2.7 liters. The average daily feeding rate of KH for a group of 500 weaned piglets will be 3.0 liters.

An experimental group of sows in the amount of 90 animals was fed 3 liters of KX daily through a mediator in the drinking system, from the sixth day after farrowing until they came to hunting and insemination. In addition, the experimental group received compound feed algolized KBH at the rate of 3% of the mass of feed with a degree of thickening KBK equal to 33.

Due to the increase in sows milkiness and milk fat, suckling pigs had a high vital growth energy, differed from their peers in mobility and high immunity. Diseases and the departure of young animals during the suckling period were not noted (two heads were crushed by sows). At weaning at the age of 29 days, the average weight of piglets was 37% higher than the control group.

In addition, chlorella had a stimulating effect on the reproductive system of sows in the experimental group. Of the 90 goals in the period after weaning within 6 days, 87 sows came into the hunt (96.6%), while in the control group for the same period, hunting occurred in only 65% of sows.

For 500 weaned piglets weaners were fed CH through the medication system daily in an amount of 3 liters during the first month of the experiment and 4.5 liters during the next month. The experiment lasted 2 months from weaning.

In addition, during the experiment, the piglets received algalized CBH feed in the proportion of 3% by weight of feed, with a degree of thickening of CBH equal to 10.

The experimental group of piglets was significantly ahead of the control group in development. The gain increased by 27% in the first month and 34% in the second month of the experiment. The death in the experimental group was 4.7 times less than the control.

Example 8. The use of products CBH and CH in the content and fattening of cattle.

A group of dairy cows in the amount of 200 animals was fed by CBH (KH) through a mixer-grinder, mixer, distributor on wheels, in which a full-feed feed mixture was prepared from long-fiber hay, straw, silage, compound feed, food additives, minerals for cattle. The product was introduced into the mixer at the rate of 0.3 liters per head. The thickening coefficient of the product was 30. The experiment lasted 50 days. Within one month, the milk productivity of animals in the experimental group increased by 19%. The fat content in milk was higher than in the control, by 0.15%. After the experiment in the experimental group, milk productivity was kept at the same level as in the control group, another two months, no further observations were made.

The high concentration of cells in the product, in contrast to the commodity suspension of chlorella (with a density of 10 million / ml), did not significantly affect the increase in humidity of the finished feed in the mixer and at the same time allowed the animals to feed the required amount of chlorella biomass.

Example 9. The use of KKSX for stimulation, growth and productivity of roses when grown on hydroponics.

The use of CCCS is associated with an increase in the level of manufacturability of the use of chlorella when growing roses on hydroponics, since the used volumes of liquid products when they are included in the plant nutrition system can be reduced by tens of times. In addition, the roots of higher plants are not able to absorb chlorella cells themselves. KKSX contains a wide range of physiologically active substances: indobic (auxins), water-soluble vitamins, steroids, gibberellin-like substances, phenolic compounds and cytokinins. It was established that these substances are regulators of plant growth and development. The use of KKSX as an ingredient in hydroponic solution leads to the fact that plants receive irreplaceable nutrients and growth stimulants.

The amount of KXX product introduced is calculated as follows. On a 3-hectare greenhouse there are 206 thousand plants (roses). The volume of nutrient medium for one irrigation is calculated based on the norm of 60-70 ml per plant. Total for one irrigation consumed about 14.5 tons of nutrient solution. The required volume of chlorella suspension is 10% of the volume of the nutrient medium, i.e. 1500 liters. When using KKSX with a thickening value equal to 30, only 50 liters of KKSX are needed for one watering. The required volume of KKSX through a special dispenser is evenly distributed in the entire volume of the nutrient medium supplied for one irrigation. KKSH is introduced into the food system once a day.

The results of using CCCS are similar to those obtained using a suspension of chlorella.

Example 10. The use of KKSX for stimulation, growth and yield of crops on the example of barley.

The experiment included the following options:

1) sowing barley without treatment KKSH (control);

2) sowing barley with seeds treated with KKSX.

KKSX had a thickening degree equal to 10. The volume of KKSX was 30 liters of KKSX per 1 ton of barley seeds. Barley was processed through a seed dresser. The degree of seed moisture was chosen so that increasing the moisture content of the seeds could not significantly affect the deterioration of the flowability of barley when it is sown through a seeder. The sowing rate was 150 kg / ha, the sowing area was 10 ha.

The results of the experiment. Productivity in the control field was 21.4 c / ha, and in the experimental field, the average yield was 30.9 c / ha.

Claims (10)

1. A method of processing a suspension of planktonic strains of chlorella, including:
a) electroflotation of the initial suspension of chlorella,
b) separating the resulting foam together with a small amount of suspension or culture medium sufficient to ensure a cell density of 30 to 1000 million / ml in the resulting chlorella biomass concentrate, to obtain a chlorella biomass concentrate and purified culture medium. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises concentrating the culture medium 5-100 times by reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration. 3. The product of processing a suspension of planktonic strains of chlorella, which has biological activity and is a concentrate of biomass of chlorella cells with a cell density of from 30 to 1000 million / ml, obtained by the method according to claim 1. 4. The product of processing a suspension of planktonic strains of chlorella with biological activity and representing a concentrate of the culture medium obtained by the method according to claim 2. 5. The product of processing a suspension of planktonic strains of chlorella, which has biological activity and is a mixture of products according to claims 3 and. 4 in an effective amount. 6. The product according to claim 5, characterized in that the amount of product according to claim 3 and the product according to claim 4 corresponds to the amount obtained from one volume of the initial suspension of planktonic strains of chlorella. 7. Granular feed, algolized with the product according to claim 3 in an amount of 2-3 wt.% At a cell density of chlorella from 50 to 500 million / ml. 8. Granular feed, algolized with the product according to claim 5 in an amount of 2-3 wt.% At a density of chlorella cells from 50 to 500 million / ml. 9. The method of algolization of granular feed, comprising introducing into the feed the processed product of a suspension of planktonic strains of chlorella according to claim 3 or 5 at a cell density of chlorella from 50 to 500 million / ml before granulation in a mixer or directly when granulating in a granulator in an amount of 2-3 wt. . % 10. The direct supply method of the product according to claim 5 to the bird or pig watering system, characterized in that the product is dosed through a mediator in an amount that ensures the density of chlorella cells in water of 10-50 million / ml.