RU2537918C1 - Carrot-harvesting combine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: combine comprises squeeze lifters, an inclined belt conveyor equipped with rubber fingers, a rod elevator, a receiving-unloading conveyor. From the squeeze lifters the layer of soil with root crops from each row enters to the separate narrow separating unit corresponding to the width of the layer. The finger belt conveyor is mounted on the frame at an angle to the horizon, with greater friction angle of sliding and rolling of components of root-crop bearing heap. The front rod elevator is located in such a way that in the zone of convergence a trapezoidal upwardly tapering channel is formed. In the upper area of the branches of the rod elevator and the finger tape diverge. The upper branch of the rod elevator is directed along the path of motion of the unit, and on the upper part of the finger conveyor belt a free zone of root crop rolling is formed. The rod elevator is put at the top on the drive shaft and the guide roller, and at the bottom - on the spool drum equipped with side pointed discs preventing the layer falling apart to sides in the grip zone.

EFFECT: simplification of the constructive scheme and reduction of combine weight.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a device for harvesting carrots.

There are many devices for harvesting carrots that are protected by copyright certificates of the USSR and RF patents: SU No. 115601, No. 1817668, No. 1836892, No. 1817668 (A01D, 19/02); RU №2037992, №2095960, №2128418 and others.

Known rotary root harvester containing digging knives, active diggers, bar elevators, receiving and unloading conveyors (Gerasimchik VG and other Machine harvesting carrots in Ukraine // Potatoes and vegetables, 1987, No. 4. P. 28).

The closest technical solution to the proposed one is a carrot harvester containing digging knives, active diggers, a drum mounted on the shaft with an elastic working surface and a rod elevator covering it at the back, while the drum has rubber toroidal chambers fixed to the shaft between the sidewalls and belts fixed to the sidewalls, in addition, the harvester is equipped with a palm leaf worn on a drum and a roller located above the drum to form an ascending branch of the dividing hill (Paten t of the Russian Federation No. 2095960 (A01D, 19/02).

The disadvantage of this invention is the complex device undermining the working body and the drum. In addition, the working surface of the bar elevator and the palm leaf is not rationally used. The width of the heap flow coming to these surfaces from one row does not exceed 300 mm (from 2 ^x - 600 mm), and the width of a standard bar elevator is 1260 mm. The palm-shaped cloth has the same width. As a rule, well-known carrot harvesters use bar elevators and palm leaves from potato harvesters. Some parameters, in particular, the step (interval) of placing the rods on the supporting belts of the elevator, the thickness and height of the fingers on the canvas of the conveyor belt do not meet the technical requirements for harvesting carrots. Meanwhile, such bar elevators are laborious to manufacture, heavy and require special non-standard expensive sprockets (crowns) to drive them.

In this regard, the claimed invention is aimed at solving the following technical problems:

- reduce the material consumption of the combine;

- to exclude from the structural scheme a drum equipped with toroidal chambers;

- to simplify the digging-intake device;

- to replace the wide bar and finger cloths of the separating organ with narrow cloths corresponding to the width of the formation captured by clutching diggers.

The indicated technical results are achieved by the fact that from the squeezing digging the soil layer with root crops from each row goes to a separate narrow separating working body corresponding to the width of the layer, while the finger-shaped belt conveyor is mounted on the frame at an angle to the horizon, greater than the sliding friction and rolling angle of the root bearing components heap, the front bar elevator is placed in such a way that in the convergence zone a trapezoidal channel tapering upward is formed, in the upper zone of the bar elevator branch and tapes diverge; in this case, the upper branch of the bar elevator is directed along the direction of movement of the unit, and on the upper part of the finger-type belt conveyor a free zone of root crops roll is formed; in addition, the bar elevator is worn at the top on the drive shaft and the guide roller, at the bottom - on the pin drum equipped with lateral pointed disks that prevent the formation from falling apart on the sides in the capture zone.

This embodiment of the device provides primarily a simplification of the structural scheme and a reduction in the mass (material consumption) of the combine. In particular, the steel bars of the elevator made of alloy steel with a length of 1260 mm are replaced by tubes with a length of 350 mm. The thick and wide finger conveyor belt is replaced by a thin rubberized tape with a width of 350 mm. At the same time, removable canvases equipped with various elements are superimposed on this tape: pile, brush, fingers, etc.

The digging part of the combine is simplified. A yaw drum equipped with discs and driven from the lower branch of the bar elevator reliably removes root crops from the surface of the squeeze digger and moves them to the capture zone of the separating organs.

With this embodiment of the design of the combine harvester, the technological path of the movement of root crops on the surface of the separating organs is reduced, therefore, their damage is reduced.

The manufacturing technology of individual assembly units and the combine as a whole is being simplified.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a carrot harvester - side view, figure 2 is a top view.

The carrot harvester contains squeezers, belt conveyors equipped with rubber fingers, bar elevators, a pick-and-place conveyor. Squeezing kopach consists of 2 ^x identical wedge-shaped knives 1 (Fig.2), inclined to the horizontal and longitudinal-vertical planes at the required angle and forming a digging-squeezing channel.

The belt conveyor is mounted on the frame at an angle to the horizontal, greater than the angle of sliding and rolling components of the root-bearing heap, and consists of a rubberized tape 2 with a width of 350 mm, equipped with fingers, a drive shaft 3 and a lower guide roller 4.

The bar elevator has two flat bearing belts 5 to which, with a pitch (interval) of 25 mm, are fastened with the help of pipe brackets 6 with a diameter of 12 mm and a length of 350 mm. The bar elevator is worn at the top on the drive shaft 7, the guide roller 8, and at the bottom on the pinion drum 9, equipped with pointed disks 9. The bar elevator is placed on the frame so that a trapezoidal tapering upward is formed in the convergence zone of its rear branch and the working surface of the palm tape. channel 10, in the upper zone of the branch of the bar elevator of the finger tape diverge; in this case, the upper branch of the bar elevator is directed along the direction of movement of the unit, and on the upper part of the finger-type belt conveyor a free zone of root crops roll is formed. The basis of the transverse receiving and unloading conveyor is two flat belts 11, to which tubes 12 and blades 13 are attached with brackets.

The movement to the drive shafts 3 and 7 through a bevel gear 14 is transmitted via a chain from the PTO. The drive shaft of the conveyor is driven from the guide (driven) shaft of the bar elevator 8 through the gearbox and chain.

The harvester frame is supported by two rear wheels 15 and a front, height-adjustable wheel 16.

The harvester works as follows.

With the forward movement of the combine along the aisle previously freed from the tops, the knives cut the layer of soil with root crops. Further, the layer passes through a tapering section formed by two working surfaces of the knives, symmetrical with respect to the vertical plane passing along the axis of the row to be removed. In this case, root crops are compressed and squeezed up. Then the root crops with loosened soil are picked up by the lower branch of the bar elevator, worn on the pin drum 9, and by the disks, carried away in a circular motion and subsequently pulled into the trapezoidal channel. In this case, the disks prevent the collapse of the formation with root crops on the sides. Such a simple active digging and picking device is not found on known root harvesting machines.

Next, the heap is picked up by the ascending branch of the bar elevator and the palm tape of the inclined conveyor and is carried up. When the heap rises up due to the action of gravity, small soil particles, falling down, slide along the palmate surface of the conveyor belt, and root crops roll along it at a higher speed, as a result of which the heap is stratified; root crops “float” to the surface of the fingers.

An avalanche of falling soil and root crops continuously occurs with an upward flow of heaps. This phenomenon is accompanied by the destruction of soil lumps and squeezing of shallow soil due to an increase in the local volume of the heap. The pulsating stratified heap rises to the zone of divergence of the ascending branch of the bar elevator and the finger ribbon and is divided into two streams: free root crops (90%) are picked up by the upper branch of the bar elevator and move forward in the direction of absolute speed, and shallow soil, plant debris and small root crops remain on the surface of the palmate tape rises to the top and the avalanche is thrown back. In this case, small root crops in the free zone of the roll roll down and also go to the upper branch of the bar elevator. From the upper branch of the bar elevator elevators go to the receiving surface of the unloading conveyor.

The main advantages of the proposed device:

- simplified structural and technological scheme of the combine;

- significantly reduces the mass of the combine (material consumption);

- originally and simply made the device undermining-intake working body.

The economic efficiency of the device follows from the above advantages.

Claims (1)

A carrot harvester containing squeegee diggers, an inclined belt conveyor equipped with rubber fingers, a bar elevator, a pick-up conveyor, characterized in that from the squeeze digger the soil layer with root crops from each row enters a separate narrow separating organ corresponding to the width of the formation, a finger-type belt conveyor is mounted on the frame at an angle to the horizontal, greater than the angle of sliding friction and rolling of the components of the root-bearing heap, the front bar elevator is placed so it means that in the convergence zone a trapezoidal channel tapering upward is formed, in the upper zone the branches of the bar elevator and the palm tape diverge; the upper branch of the bar elevator is directed in the direction of movement of the unit, and on the upper part of the finger-type belt conveyor a free zone of root crops roll is formed, in addition, the bar elevator is worn on top of the drive shaft and the guide roller, and below - on the pin drum equipped with lateral pointed disks , preventing collapse of the formation on the sides in the capture zone.

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