RU2512009C2 - Method of simultaneous planting of grain and leguminous crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of planting comprises the band alternate strip planting of grain and leguminous crops. The odd strips (bands) are planted with grain crops. The even strips are planted with peas. Planting of seeds of each culture is carried out from separate hoppers with the regulation of depth of seeding down of each culture.

EFFECT: invention enables to accelerate ripening of the crops, to increase resistance to lodging and crop yields while preserving energy consumption of production.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to implements for tillage and sowing of grain crops. Closest to the claimed invention is a method of sowing crops (Patent RU No. 2235451, published 10.09.2004).

The main disadvantage of this method is that on clogged soils, non-sown strips can grow with weeds, which may require, in particular, additional costs for chemical weeding. In addition, it is impossible to accurately mix the seeds of different crops in the right proportion. At different specific gravities, they are stratified in the hopper during sowing.

There is also a known method of sowing Ovsinsky I.E. “Empty-thick” (“The New System of Agriculture” - Novosibirsk, 2003), which requires additional inter-row cultivation (inter-strip bands).

The belt sowing of the supporting culture according to Ovsinsky (tape width 30 cm) contributes to an increase in yield, early ripening and the prevention of lodging.

The method of sowing leguminous crops in pure form (for example peas) leads to significant lodging, which in turn requires the use of bean harvesters and separate harvesting, which leads to significant crop losses.

The joint sowing of a supporting crop (for example, oats) and peas leads, as already noted above, to the separation of the mixture of seeds in the hopper. In addition, the depth of incorporation of peas should be 1.5 cm greater than oats.

The main task solved by the claimed method is the exact dosage of the sowing rate of seeds of various crops and the different depth of their seeding during sowing.

A known method of sowing long-stemmed varieties of peas, patent RU No. 2120719, published on 10.27.1998, where sowing peas and grain crops is carried out in alternating strips in a ratio of 9: 2, taken as a prototype. This method only regulates the lodging of peas in the transverse direction relative to the sowing, but does not exclude separate harvesting using bean harvesters. In addition, the separation of the sowing box according to the sowing scheme requires additional costs for re-equipment, but does not allow you to set the seeding rate separately for each type of seed, it is not possible to establish the optimal planting depth for different seeds.

The technical result of the invention is: improving the quality of sowing operations due to the optimal depth of cultivation of various crops, resistance to lodging, acceleration and simultaneous ripening, increased yield, increased soil fertility while maintaining energy intensity and cost of grain production.

The technical result of the proposed method is achieved by the fact that the known tillage and sowing unit (patent RU No. 2127502, published March 20, 1999) has two rows of seed-working bodies and two grain-fertilizer bins that can be used for sowing different crops, and different sowing depths of crops are achieved account of the adjustment plates in the attachment points of the racks of the working bodies.

A method of sowing grain and leguminous crops, including belt sowing, characterized in that the odd strips (tapes) are sown with grain crops, and even - with peas.

The figures show:

Figure 1. The scheme of sowing grain and leguminous crops;

Figure 2. Depth pattern of grain (A) and leguminous (B) crops;

Figure 3. General view of the combined unit for the joint sowing of grain and leguminous crops.

The working bodies 3 are mounted on the frame 1 in two rows. Each row of working bodies through the vas deferens 4 (Figure 3) is connected to its hopper 6.

The tillage sowing unit in the presented example works as follows: on the run of the unit, the working bodies 3 are deepened into the soil to a predetermined seed sowing depth using the tractor hydraulic system. When the unit moves, the working bodies 3 cut the soil and weeds at a specified depth, forms a compacted bed for seeds, onto which seeds come from the bunkers 6 through the seed ducts 4. Seeds of leguminous crops (B) come from the front bunker, and grain seeds come from the back bunker ( BUT).

At the same time, multifunctional rollers 5, leveling and mulching the surface soil layer, pass over all the strips sown with different cultures. Seeds located on the moist soil of the compacted bottom of the furrow sprout together.

To increase the depth of travel of the first row of working bodies, it is necessary to rearrange the adjustment plates from the bottom up in the nodes 2 of the mounting of the working bodies 3 in Fig.3.

Thus, the claimed inter-band method for sowing grain and leguminous crops and the means for its implementation allow precise adjustment of the sowing rate of each crop and the sowing depth, which cannot be achieved with joint sowing from one hopper due to the different specific gravity of the seeds.

In addition, the oat ribbons with a width of 30 cm (Fig. 1) are resistant to lodging, and the peas rise along the oat ribbons, which makes it possible to harvest with an ordinary reaper, followed by the separation of crops in the hospital.

Thus, the effect of sowing according to Ovsinsky is “densely empty”, which contributes to an increase in yield, early ripening and prevention of lodging of the stands.

In addition, the claimed interspersed method of sowing and means for its implementation are able to reduce labor costs for sowing, soil preparation and harvesting, and reduce weediness of fields by weeds.

The strip sowing inherent in the claimed method was tested for 1-3 years in Novosibirsk and several farms in the European part of Russia and showed good results: fine adjustment of the seeding rate and seed placement depth, reduction in the cost of harvesting with ordinary reapers due to the absence of lodging.

Claims (1)

1. The method of sowing grain and leguminous crops, including belt sowing, characterized in that the odd strips (tapes) are sown with grain crops, and even - with peas, and sowing of each culture is carried out from separate bins with regulation of the depth of planting of seeds of each culture.

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