RU2290776C2 - Method for joint sowing of ceral crops in drills - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, joint sowing of cereal crops in drills.

SUBSTANCE: method involves preparing soil and sowing cereal crops in alternating drills by means of two sowing machines following one another; sowing seeds of one kind of crops by means of first sowing machine whose seeding units are closed one in alternation with another beginning from first seeding unit from edge; sowing seeds of other kind of crops by means of second sowing machine whose seeding units are closed one in alternation with another beginning from second seeding unit; leading tractor of second sowing machine along tractor wheel traces of first sowing machine using trace markers positioned on frame of first sowing machine.

EFFECT: increased crop yield by improving quality of joint sowing of two crops.

1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and in particular, to joint sowing of grain crops in an ordinary way.

Known joint ordinary sowing wiki with oats, barley, rye, winter wheat. Wiki seeds are mixed in a predetermined ratio with the seeds of another grain crop, and the seed mixture is sown with a grain seeder in the same row with a distance of 15 cm between them and to the same depth (L.V. Leokene. Spring and winter vetch. Kolos Publishing House, Leningrad, 1964 g. - p. 45-48).

The disadvantage of this method is mixing seeds of different cultures and sowing a mixture of seeds in one row at the same seeding depth. Mixing seeds of different crops is a laborious process, and sowing a mixture of seeds does not provide equivalent seed sowing at a given depth and makes it difficult to regulate the seeding rate of each individual crop depending on the variety, agricultural techniques, and seed quality, which does not allow the creation of an optimal plant standing density per unit area , and this reduces the yield.

Sowing the seeds of different cultures in the same row creates an inhibition of plants from one crop to another, which reduces the yield. In addition, sowing seeds of different cultures at the same depth in a crop that requires a deeper or finer seed placement reduces the field germination of seeds, which reduces yield.

There is a method of sowing seeds of grain crops and herbs in different rows with seeding them at different depths (A.N. Karpenko, A.A. Zelenev, V.M.Khalansky. Agricultural machines. - M .: Kolos, 1979. - p. 108).

The disadvantage of this method is the sowing of only one grain crop with herbs (clover or alfalfa). For sowing two grain crops in different rows, this method of sowing is not possible, since sowing machines and coulters for sowing another crop are only able to sow grass seeds with a special grain-seeder. In addition, when sowing, the distance between the rows of two crops (grain and clover) is 7.5 cm, which does not correspond to the ordinary sowing of grain by 15 cm.

There is also known a method of combined sowing of two crops (wheat and peas) in different rows with a grain seeder with a septum in the seed box and a device for separately feeding pea and wheat seeds into independent rows (A.A. Budagov, copyright certificate for invention 971135, A 01 C 7/00, Bulletin No. 41 dated 11/09/82).

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to adjust the seed rate of each crop individually and the depth of their seeding, since the grain seeder is set to the seed rate by moving the seed coils of only one crop. The seed placement depth is also set by only one crop.

In addition, the septum in the seed box and the device for feeding the seeds of each culture separately, due to the reduced clearance, impede the flowability of seeds, disrupt the uniformity of seeding and serve as an obstacle to mechanized loading of seeds (the seeds of one culture fall into the septum with the seeds of another culture). It is also impossible to unload the seeds of each culture separately in the box from sowing.

There is also known a method of joint sowing of grain crops, when one grain crop is sown with a grain seeder in one direction and the other in the transverse (crosshair) (L.V. Leokene. Spring and winter vetch. Kolos Publishing House, Leningrad, 1964. - p. 48).

The disadvantage of this method is the cross-sowing of the second culture, since by the beginning of the repeated cross-sowing of seeds of the first culture, especially with prolonged rainfall, the seeds of the first culture, especially with prolonged rainfall, can germinate and germinate, which excludes the sowing of the second culture.

There is a known method of sowing two grain crops (for example, legumes and corn) in separate rows with special seeders, in which each coulter has its own seed tank) (A.M. Slyusarev and I.M. Fedotov. Intermediate crops. M: Rosselkhozizdat , 1971. - p.32-33; A.N. Karpenko and others. Agricultural machinery. M: Kolos, 1979. - p.108).

The disadvantage of this method is that the method is intended only for a wide-row method of sowing crops and only crops with low seed rates. Sowing of grain crops with increased seeding rates and narrow aisles of 15 cm is impossible.

The prototype is the joint sowing of crops at the same time with two grain seeders, when the first seeder ahead sowing one grain crop is followed by the second seeder sowing another grain crop (A.M. Slyusarev and I.M. Fedotov. Intermediate crops. M: Rosselkhozizdat , 1971. - p. 32-33).

The disadvantage of this method is the imposition on the first row crop with a distance between the rows of 15 cm of the second with the same distance between the rows. As a result, crowding of the sown seeds of two cultures is created, and part of the seeds of the second culture falls into the same rows where the seeds of the first culture were sown. The straightness of the rows and the required row spacing by 15 cm are also violated, which reduces the yield.

The aim of the invention is to increase productivity by improving the quality of the joint row sowing of two crops: ensuring the uniformity of seed placement, observing the straightness of the rows and the specified depth of sowing seeds of each grain crop and the required distance between the rows of sown crops.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of joint row sowing of grain crops with 15 cm row-spacing at the same time with two seeders, the seeds of the second grain crop are sown in the first row-spacings, for which the coulters at the first seeder SZ-3,6 overlap through the row, starting from the first from the edge and at the second, following the first, the coulters overlap through the row from the second from the edge, and the second seeder tractors are driven along the track of the first tractor’s wheels using track indicators mounted on the frame of the first seeder.

The scheme of joint sowing of two crops with two seeders is shown in the drawing, where 1 is the tractor wheel; 2 - opener without overlap; 3 - opener with overlap; 4 - track indicator.

The advantage of the method is the joint sowing of crops in compliance with the row spacing (15 cm) established for the ordinary sowing of grain crops, ensuring the straightness and uniformity of sowing seeds to a given depth, which increases plant productivity and yield.

Example. Sowing of oats and barley was carried out simultaneously by two grain seeders SZ-3,6. The first seeder ahead sowed the seeds of oats, and the second sowed barley. At the first seeder, the sowing devices were blocked with caps through a row, starting from the first from the edge. After the overlap, the row-spacing was 30 cm, the sowing norm of oats was 3 million germinating seeds per hectare, the seeding depth was 3-4 cm, lancet paws - track markers were installed on the frame of the first seeder along the track of the tractor wheels.

At the second seeder, the sowing devices were blocked through a row, starting from the second from the edge. After overlapping, the row-spacing was 30 cm; the barley sowing rate was 3.5 million germinating seeds, and the seeding depth was 5-6 cm. When sowing, the tractor of the second seeder was driven along the track of the wheels of the tractor of the first seeder using follow-up indicators. After sowing, the distance between the rows of the first and second culture was 15 cm.

Two crops were harvested simultaneously with the DON-1500 combine.

The results of the accounting for the productivity of grain of oats and barley are placed in the table.

Table Experience Options Grain yield Average Increase c / ha one 2 3 c / ha % Sowing with two seeders without
openers overlap (control) 28.7 29.1 28,4 28.7 - - Sowing with two seeders with
floor coulters
(experimental version) 35.3 34.6 36.0 35.3 6.6 23.0 NDS - - - 2.61 - -

The method can find application in all soil and climatic regions of the Russian Federation with a joint method of cultivating crops and have great economic value.

Claims (1)

A method of joint ordinary sowing of grain crops, including soil preparation, sowing of crops in alternating rows of two grain seeders coming one after another, characterized in that the sowing of one crop is carried out by the first seeder, the sowing apparatus of which is blocked through a row, starting from the first from the edge, and sowing of another culture is carried out by a second seeder, the sowing devices of which are blocked through a row, starting from the second from the edge, and the tractor of the second seeder is driven along the track of the wheels of the tractor of the first seeder using azateley mounted on the frame of the first drill.