RU2509584C1 - Method of fire-fighting in closed facilities and automatic fire extinguisher - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-prevention facilities.

SUBSTANCE: method of fire-fighting in closed facilities, which consists in creation in the fire seat of fire extinguishing agent through discharge from the cylinder and spraying of fire extinguishing agent under pressure through the outlet valve, on the cylinder the outlet valve is mounted, set to actuation from impact on it of metered excessive pressure significantly exceeding the normal pressure in the cylinder, then on the cylinder also the device of generation of the said excessive pressure is mounted, provided with a working element, the cylinder is charged with the extinguishing agent, then inert gas is injected into the cylinder to normal pressure, less pressure of actuation of the outlet valve, and at the time of occurrence of ignition in the device of generation of the additional pressure the working element is initiated, transforming it into the gaseous state, is introduced into the cylinder, the excessive pressure is generated in the cylinder, which is sufficient for actuation of the outlet valve, and the latter is opened, and discharging the fire extinguishing agent from the cylinder, it is sprayed in the ignition area in the form of fine mist. The group of inventions also relates to an automatic fire extinguisher used in this method.

EFFECT: group of inventions provides a guaranteed complete and almost instantaneous opening the fire extinguisher outlet, and also accelerated expulsion of the extinguishing agent and a higher rate of spraying the composition.

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Description

The invention relates to methods and devices for extinguishing fires in enclosed spaces, mainly in vehicles.

Known invention [1], which relates to systems for automatically extinguishing a fire in a train. The automatic fire extinguishing system in a train comprises fire detection units located in train cars and configured to detect the occurrence of a fire; a control unit for receiving a signal from a fire detection unit and detecting a fire; nozzle blocks installed in train cars and designed to spray fire extinguishing agent when the control unit determines the presence of a fire; and extinguishing agent supply units, comprising housings associated with nozzle blocks and filled with extinguishing agent at a given pressure, valves for selectively opening and closing the bodies and nozzle blocks, and actuators for actuating the valves under control of the control unit. The invention allows to increase the speed of fire detection in a car and take countermeasures.

The lack of design in its complexity and large dimensions.

A known installation of autonomous fire extinguishing [2], which relates to fire fighting equipment and can be used to extinguish fires. To increase the reliability and efficiency of the installation, the gas generators are equipped with thermoelectric generators and second ignition initiators electrically connected to them, while the gas generators and thermoelectric generators are connected thermotechnically, and the electrical output of each thermoelectric generator is connected to the inputs of the second ignition initiators of the gas generators. The disadvantage is the relatively low response rate.

Known integrated fire extinguishing system for tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, self-propelled artillery installations [3], which includes a non-pressurized fan blown, both in the process of extinguishing and in the operating mode, a motor-transmission compartment (MTO), a standard fire extinguishing system that provides fire fighting in the inhabited compartment, a sealed armored partition between the inhabited compartment and the MTO, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a subsystem having one or more sources of blast wave of this power, located in a relatively closed volume of the MTO or located outside the MTO, and their blast wave when triggered is directed inside the MTO and / or one or more sources of the blast wave and one or more sources of fire extinguishing substances located in a relatively closed volume of the MTO or located outside the MTO and their blast wave and sprayed fire extinguishing agent are directed inside the MTO and sprayed when the blast wave source is triggered, thermal sensors that generate a signal about a fire and the control unit a command that, according to a given program, destroys a source or several sources of a blast wave and spray fire extinguishing substances.

The disadvantage of the device in the negative impact of the blast wave on the crew.

A known fire extinguishing system for a nacelle of an jet engine [4]. The inventive system includes panels for signaling a fire and controlling the flow of a gas-aerosol extinguishing composition from a chamber with outlet openings, connected through a control unit to temperature sensors. The camera of the system is an annular collector for placement in the nose of the nacelle. As a gas-aerosol composition, a composition based on potassium nitrate in the form of charges from cylindrical channel blocks is used. The latter are placed along the axis of the collector. Their geometric dimensions are determined from the relation (D-d) / 4 <Vx 1c <(D-d) / 2, where D, d are the diameter of the checker and the diameter of the channel of the checker, respectively; V is the burning rate of the composition.

The disadvantage of the device is the specificity of its design. The difficulty of its layout in land vehicles.

Known automatic fire extinguisher [5], including a powdered fire extinguishing composition, placed in the container, a powder charge with an igniter, a flame sensor, is equipped with a combustion chamber with a calibrated hole to accommodate a powder charge. An injector is installed inside the container for the expiration of powder gases and gas displacement of the extinguishing agent. The calibrated opening of the combustion chamber is connected to the inlet of the injector, and the outlet openings in an amount of at least 4 are directed towards the bottom of the container. The flame sensor is made working in the IR spectrum. The automatic fire extinguisher is equipped with a device connected to the flame sensor for supplying an audible signal when the fire extinguisher fires, and the duration of the audible signal is at least 3 minutes. In addition, the automatic fire extinguisher is equipped with a device connected to the flame sensor for supplying a light signal when the fire extinguisher fires.

The disadvantage of this automatic fire extinguisher is that it has low speed due to the low fluidity of the powder extinguishing composition and the high resistance of the injector. However, in its technical essence, it is closest to the proposed solution and adopted as a prototype.

The applicant has proposed a method of fire extinguishing in enclosed spaces, which consists in creating a fire extinguishing medium in a fire source by releasing a fire extinguishing agent from a cylinder under pressure through an exhaust valve. At the same time, an exhaust valve is installed on the cylinder, which is configured to operate from exposure to a metered excess pressure that significantly exceeds the normal pressure in the cylinder, then a device for creating the said excess pressure equipped with a working fluid is also installed on the cylinder, the cylinder is filled with fire extinguishing agent, and then the cylinder is pumped inert gas to a normal pressure, lower than the pressure of the outlet valve, and at the time of fire in the device to create additional This pressure is initiated by the working fluid, transforming it into a gaseous state, introduced into the cylinder, creates an overpressure in the cylinder sufficient to trigger the exhaust valve, opens the latter and, releasing the extinguishing agent from the cylinder, spray it in the ignition zone in the form of fine mist. In addition, an inert gas is diffusely dissolved in the volume of the extinguishing agent, and the extinguishing agent is sprayed through the nozzle.

In Fig.1 shows the design of the fire extinguisher, and in Fig.2 and 3 options for its exhaust openings.

Given the shortcomings of the known structures, especially the lack of speed, the applicant has presented a method of fire extinguishing in enclosed spaces, which consists in creating a fire extinguishing medium in the center of a fire by releasing a fire extinguisher from a cylinder under pressure through an exhaust valve. At the same time, an exhaust valve is installed on the cylinder, which is configured to operate from exposure to a metered excess pressure that significantly exceeds the normal pressure in the cylinder, then a device for creating the said excess pressure equipped with a working fluid is also installed on the cylinder, the cylinder is filled with fire extinguishing agent, and then the cylinder is pumped inert gas to a normal pressure, lower than the pressure of the outlet valve, and at the time of fire in the device to create additional This pressure is initiated by the working fluid, transforming it into a gaseous state, introduced into the cylinder, creates an overpressure in the cylinder sufficient to trigger the exhaust valve, opens the latter and, releasing the extinguishing agent from the cylinder, spray it in the ignition zone in the form of fine mist. In addition, an inert gas is diffusely dissolved in the volume of the extinguishing agent, and the extinguishing agent is sprayed through the nozzle. A design is proposed, which is an automatic fire extinguisher containing a cylinder with charging and exhaust valves and an ignition sensor. The fire extinguisher contains a device for creating additional excess pressure, equipped with a working fluid and communicating with the internal cavity of the container, while the working fluid is equipped with an initiating device connected to the ignition sensor. An explosive, for example, gunpowder, was used as a working fluid. The nozzle for the flow of extinguishing fluid is made in the form of a Laval nozzle.

In this case, the exhaust valve is equipped with a membrane designed for destruction under a dosed excess liquid pressure that exceeds the normal by 1.4 ... 2.1 times.

The device consists of a cylinder 1 with charging 2 and exhaust 3 valves, as well as a sensor 4 fire. The fire extinguisher contains a device 5 for creating additional excess pressure, equipped with a working fluid 6 and communicating with the internal cavity of the cylinder 1, while the working fluid 6 is equipped with an initiating device 7 connected to the ignition sensor 4. As the working fluid 6 used explosive, for example, gunpowder. The nozzle 8 is used for the flow of extinguishing fluid and is made in the form of a Laval nozzle. In the narrowest section of the nozzle nozzle 8, a membrane is installed that acts as an exhaust valve 3. The membrane is designed to break under a dosed excess liquid pressure that exceeds the normal by 1.4 ... 2.1 times. Perhaps the use of nozzles 9 (figure 3).

The device operates as follows. At the time of ignition, the sensor 4 delivers a control action to the device 5, which initiates the working fluid 6. Its working gases enter the cavity of the cylinder 1 and sharply raise the pressure inside the cylinder by 1.5 times. Outlet valve 3, i.e. the membrane is cut along a pre-made attenuation groove and valve 3 is activated. Extinguishing liquid saturated with gases through the nozzle of the nozzle 8 rushes out. At the same time, it acquires great speed, sharply spraying in the form of fog. Its stream has a good and steady focus on a burning object. If, according to the conditions of extinguishing, a volume spray is required, then nozzle 9 with several nozzles is used.

Obviously, this method and the design that implements it solve three problems at once:

- guaranteed and almost instantaneous and full opening of the outlet of the fire extinguisher,

- accelerated displacement of the extinguishing agent from the cylinder, compared with known devices (less than 50 ms),

- better atomization, higher flow rate and range of the extinguishing agent stream.

The applicant manufactured an experimental device that demonstrated satisfactory results.

List of used information sources

1. RF patent No. 2357776, Fire extinguishing system in a train,

2. RF application No. 93008738/12, 02/11/1993, Installation of autonomous fire extinguishing,

3. RF patent No. 2216369, Application No. 2002116469/12, 06.21.2002, Integrated fire extinguishing system for tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, self-propelled artillery installations,

4. Auth. testimonial. USSR No. 1821986, Fire extinguishing system for engine nacelles,

5. RF application No. 92011833/12, 12/14/1992, Automatic fire extinguisher (prototype).

Claims (7)

1. The method of fire extinguishing in enclosed spaces, which consists in creating a fire extinguishing medium in the center of a fire by releasing a fire extinguisher from a cylinder and spraying it under pressure through an exhaust valve,
characterized in that an exhaust valve is installed on the cylinder, which is configured to operate from exposure to a metered excess pressure that significantly exceeds the normal pressure in the cylinder, then a device for creating the said excess pressure equipped with a working fluid is also installed on the cylinder, the cylinder is filled with fire extinguishing agent, then the inert gas is pumped to a normal pressure, lower than the pressure of the outlet valve, and at the time of fire in the device to create additional pressure is initiated by the working fluid, transforming it into a gaseous state, introduced into the cylinder, creates an excess pressure in the cylinder sufficient to operate the exhaust valve, open the latter and, releasing the extinguishing agent from the cylinder, spray it in the ignition zone in the form of fine mist. 2. The fire extinguishing method according to claim 1, which consists in the fact that inert gas is diffusely dissolved in the volume of the extinguishing agent. 3. The fire extinguishing method according to claim 1, which consists in the fact that the spraying of the extinguishing agent is carried out through the nozzle. 4. An automatic fire extinguisher comprising a cylinder with charging and exhaust valves and an ignition sensor, characterized in that it contains an additional overpressure device equipped with a working fluid and communicating with the internal cavity of the cylinder, while the working fluid is equipped with an initiating device connected to the ignition sensor . 5. The automatic fire extinguisher according to claim 4, characterized in that an explosive, such as gunpowder, is used as a working fluid. 6. The automatic fire extinguisher according to claim 4, characterized in that the nozzle for the expiration of the extinguishing fluid is made in the form of a Laval nozzle. 7. The automatic fire extinguisher according to claim 4, characterized in that the exhaust valve is equipped with a membrane designed for destruction under a dosed excess liquid pressure that exceeds the normal by 1.4 ... 2.1 times.

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