RU2669170C1 - Device for pulsed delivery of fire extinguishing powder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fire fighting equipment, namely to devices for pulsed delivery of a fire extinguishing powder, and is intended for remote extinguishing of large-scale fires, mainly gas and gas oil fountains. Device for pulsed delivery of a fire extinguishing powder comprising an axially located gas generating chamber for powder gases, a housing with a nozzle, a bursting disc, a gas generator with an electric start installed in the outer end of the chamber, and the opposite end of the chamber is connected to the housing when the chamber volume is isolated from contact with the extinguishing powder in the housing, characterized in that the housing is in the form of a barrel, an insulating partition with perforation and a central hole is installed between the barrel and the end of the chamber, a hollow tubular beaker is placed coaxially inside the trunk, one end of which ends with a bell, connected with an insulating partition around the perimeter of the central hole made to the size of the bell, through the entire surface of the hollow tubular nozzle, openings are provided for allowing the combustion gases to pass from the chamber and creating a powder ejection in the barrel of the working pressure, wherein the rupture disc is mounted at the junction of the barrel and the nozzle, made in the form of a cylinder, the length of the hollow tubular glass is less than the length of the barrel, and at the free end of the tubular nozzle a partition wall is installed to cover the plane of the barrel section, to limit the possibility of spreading the powder and at the same time to ensure the formation of a storage pre-chamber in the cavity of the stem just before the membrane.

EFFECT: efficiency of suppression of large-scale foci of fire at a distance of up to 30 m is ensured, and the possibility of using a finely dispersed fire extinguishing powder to 20 mcm, which is a waste when dispersing known powder formulations produced on an industrial scale.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to fire fighting equipment, and in particular to devices for the pulsed supply of fire extinguishing powder, and is intended for remote extinguishing of large-scale fires, mainly gas and gas-oil fountains.

The well-known "Fire Extinguisher" (RF patent No. 2026698, IPC АСС 13/00, published on January 20, 1995), which is designed for remote extinguishing of gas and oil fountains. A fire extinguisher contains fire extinguishing powder and an explosive charge. The body of the fire extinguisher is made in the form of a two-stage pipe of variable cross section, with a pipe of a larger cross section containing a container of powder passing through the conical part into a pipe of a smaller cross section containing a cartridge with an explosive charge. At the same time, the pipe of a smaller cross section is equipped with a shutter, and on the outside a stopper is screwed on it and shock absorbers are put on.

The disadvantages that impede its use include the insufficient amount of the fire extinguishing distance in relation to the location of the fire extinguisher, at which permissible extinguishing efficiency is maintained.

A large-scale fire cannot be extinguished unless one approaches the source, but the high-temperature zone around the source does not allow this to be done to extinguish. In the absence of effective means for remote fire extinguishing, as is currently observed, one has to wait for the fuel fountain to burn out.

The well-known "Fire extinguishing installation" (RF patent No.2008048, IPC A62C 27/00, publ. 02.28.1994), designed to extinguish large-area fires. This installation contains a package of five barrels mounted on the chassis, each barrel has an individual shock absorber and is connected to a system for automatically adjusting the time for delivering doses of extinguishing agent to the fire. In each barrel, the expelling charge and extinguishing agent are enclosed in an airtight shell made of material that is destroyed by the blast wave. The expelling charge and extinguishing agent are distant from each other and the walls of the shell by wadding.

The disadvantages that prevent its use also include the insufficient distance from the fire extinguishing installation to the fire, while ensuring proper extinguishing efficiency.

The well-known "Module of powder fire extinguishing" (RF patent No. 2399395, IPC А62С 35/02, published on 09/20/2010), the module is universal and can be used both to extinguish local fires and to extinguish in various rooms.

The module contains a housing in which a fire extinguishing powder is placed, a gas generator, gasdynamically connected through a truncated cone with an aerator equipped with holes with opening elements. The element that determines the flow of the gas-powder mixture is a throat to which a self-cutting membrane is drawn by means of a washer with a union nut connected to the hollow cylinder. The module case is equipped with installation, interacting with the holes of the plates fastened to the bracket support.

The disadvantages of the known device are repeated above, even when combining several modules with the aim of simultaneous launch.

It is also known "Device for extinguishing a fire" (RF patent No. 952276, class АСС 37/28, published on 11/23/1980), designed to extinguish gas and oil fountains and suppress the burning of liquid and solid combustible materials. The known device comprises a housing with a nozzle and a deflector, which forms two cavities in the housing. A gas generating charge is placed in one cavity, and a fire extinguishing powder and a separation membrane are in the other. In this case, the deflector is made in the form of a swirler, and the membrane is installed in the cavity of the body behind the swirl along the flow of the powder. A cavity with a gas-generating charge is 10-50% of the volume of the body with extinguishing powder, and a charge with a constant surface burning time is used as a gas-generating charge.

All the above disadvantages are repeated when using this device.

Extinguishing efficiency is ensured at a distance of no more than 5 meters.

That is, such a distance from the fire to the fire extinguishing means does not provide the possibility of effective fire fighting.

In terms of the set of essential features and the technical result achieved, the closest patent to the claimed technical solution is patent No. 952276, which is selected as a prototype.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to ensure the extinguishing efficiency of the device at a distance of up to 30 meters from a large-scale fire.

When using the proposed device provides the following technical result:

- the efficiency of extinguishing large-scale fires at a distance of up to 30 m;

- the possibility of using a fine extinguishing powder up to 20 microns, which is a waste when dispersing known powder compositions produced on an industrial scale.

The proposed device pulsed extinguishing powder is illustrated in the drawing. In FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of the device.

The present invention includes a gas-generating chamber located in the axial direction - 1, a barrel-shaped body - 2 and a cylindrical nozzle - 3. The bursting membrane - 4 is installed at the joint of the barrel and nozzle, for example through a bolt-on-flange connection -15 (but it is also possible to use quick disconnect connections - BRS). A gas generator 5 is installed in the outer end of the chamber (1) with the possibility of electric start, and the opposite end of the chamber (1) is joined with the barrel-trunk (2,), for example, also through a bolted flange connection (or through the BRS). Fire extinguishing powder - 6 is placed in the barrel (2). An insulating partition - 7 with perforation - 8 is installed between the barrel (2) and the end of the chamber (1). Inside the barrel (2) a hollow tubular glass - 9 is coaxially placed, one end of which ends in a bell - 10 connected (for example, by welding, or threaded) connection, or in another way) with an insulating partition (7) around the perimeter of the central hole - 11, made under the size of the socket (10). On the entire surface of the hollow tubular glass (9), including its end, 12 openings are made, which allow the passage of gaseous products of combustion from the chamber (1) and the creation of a working powder discharge pressure (6) in the barrel (2). The length of the tubular cup (9) is less than the length of the barrel (2), while at the free end of the tubular cup (9) a dividing wall is installed - 13, overlapping the plane of the barrel cross section (2) to limit the possibility of powder spreading (6), and at the same time ensuring the formation of cumulative prechamber - 14 in the barrel cavity (2) immediately in front of the membrane (4). Bolt flange connection - 15. For a hollow tubular glass extended along the length of the support, supports 16 can be additionally installed, for example, in the form of welded strips of sheet material that do not resist the movement of the powder during its ejection.

Additionally, the device can be equipped with a slit nozzle mounted on a cylindrical nozzle (3), and designed to extinguish a torch propagating in a vertical or horizontal plane (not shown).

Also, in addition, the device can be equipped with a rotary nozzle, similarly mounted on a cylindrical nozzle (3) - not shown in the drawing. The rotary nozzle is used to extinguish a fire with a high flame separation from the wellhead (20 meters or more) and delivers a stream of powder vertically upward.

As a powder, you can use any known fire extinguishing powder, for example: Vexon-ABC 50, Vexon-ABC 70 Module, Finfire ABCE. Preferably, with a dispersion of 20-100 microns, which positively affects the extinguishing efficiency.

The assembly of the device is carried out in the traditional way, alternately welding or connecting nodes and parts (for example, using a flange connection 15) located in the axial direction, before installing the bursting membrane 4 and the cylindrical nozzle 3. All holes (perforation 8 and holes 12) are glued with adhesive tape or cover, for example with plastic wrap. The entire assembled structure is installed obliquely at an angle of 25-30 degrees and a fire extinguishing powder 6 is poured into the barrel, approximately to the level of the free end of the tubular glass 9, then a separation wall 13 is inserted, slightly pressing (compacting) the powder 6. Then, a bursting membrane 4 and a cylindrical nozzle 3. After that, the device is ready for operation.

When an electrical impulse is applied to a generator (5) located in a gas-generating chamber (1), powder gases are formed, which freely flow through the socket 10 into the tube 9 through the central hole 11 of the separation partition 7 (with temporarily closed perforation 8). with temporarily closed openings 12) is placed in the cavity of the barrel 2, which is filled with powder 6. The powder gases pass into the tubular glass 9, open the holes 12, exit through them and aerate the powder 6. At the same time, the powder gases pass through the end face the hole 12 of the tubular glass 9 and fall into the storage chamber 14. Here, the working pressure of the combustion products is created, which determines the pressure of the powder discharge. When a certain pressure is reached (about 16 atm), the membrane 4 opens and flies out through the nozzle 3. Next, the powder gases move and then the extinguishing powder 6 from the barrel 2 through the nozzle 3, which forms a stream of powder.

The large length of the tubular glass 9 in the barrel 2 may require the installation of supports 16.

The set of essential features of the proposed device when used provides, when triggered, the optimal aerodynamics of the flight of the powder jet, which in the first place determines the achievement of the specified technical result.

Tests were carried out to verify the operability of samples of the proposed device for the pulsed supply of fire extinguishing powder (conventional name pyrotechnic powder gun).

The purpose of the tests is to determine the main characteristics:

- time and range of supply of the extinguishing powder,

- geometric parameters of the powder jet.

- checking the efficiency of quenching the flame of gas fountains.

Testing procedure.

For testing made the proposed device that meets all the features set forth in the claims. The total amount of extinguishing powder during reloading in each test is 120 kg. The device was charged with the appropriate fire extinguishing powder: No. 1 sample - Vexon ABC-50 TU 2149-028-10968286-97, No. 2 sample - Finfire ABCE TU 2149-001-71208572-14 and No. 3 sample - a mixture of fire extinguishing powder Finfire ABCE TU 2149- 001-71208572-14 and Vekson AVS-50 TU 2149-028-10968286-97 (waste from exhaust filters, by particle size distribution) in a ratio of 1: 1. In sample No. 3, the powder was poured alternately in layers, in portions of 20 kg.

To simulate a gas fountain, a gas carrier was used with a pipeline 40-50 meters long and a gas outlet up. The tests were carried out in calm weather. The fountain debit was adjusted to a value of 35 cubic meters of gas per second.

As gas generating elements were used GGU-135. The launch of the proposed devices was carried out from a car battery. Each device ("gun") was installed on concrete slabs and fixed using metal rods. The angle of inclination of the gun barrel to the horizon is 2 ° up, the distance from the cut of the barrel to the mouth of the flame, for each sample - 10 m, 20 m and 30 m, respectively. The free burning time of the foci before launch was 15 seconds. Then carry out the launch of the device. When the pressure in the pre-chamber reaches 15-16 atm, the membrane is destroyed, flies out of the barrel through a nozzle, forming a stream of powder, which is ejected at the mouth of the torch. Convective currents pick up a powder jet, sucking it into a torch of flame, and the fire goes out. A LS59-1 brass membrane with a thickness of 0.7 mm was used with a circular groove. The test process was recorded by video.

Extinguishing time was less than 2 s.

The extinguishing system of the flame of a gas or gas-oil fountain is based on the extinguishing mechanism by powder means, including the separation of the flame from the mouth and its subsequent extinguishing.

Test result.

All samples worked. Damage, unacceptable deformation and damage after operation were not found. The mounts withstood the load: shear and displacements of the base of the gun were not noticed. All gas generators of the GGU-135 worked, no pressure build-up in the gas generating chambers was noticed. The opening of the membranes occurred at a pressure of 16 atmospheres. Membranes opened completely. All fires have been extinguished.

Based on the video:

- the powder exit time from the moment of launch was 1.5-1.9 s.

- after about 0.1 s, the powder jet takes the form of a cone.

- the cross-sectional area of the powder jet along its length of 25-30 m is approximately 10-12 sq.m.

- the specific consumption of powder involved in the process of extinguishing the flame was approximately 1 kg per cubic meter of combustible gas in 1 second.

Initially, a stream of powder flames upwards. Combustible gas of the fountain captures (sucks) air, which only enhances combustion. In our case, the air contains finely divided fire extinguishing powder, which, along with the air, is sucked in by combustible gas, which makes it possible to suppress the burning center above the mouth of the fountain fountain. A dispersion of the powder from 20 to 100 microns is preferable when extinguishing combustible fountains, while achieving the most effective extinguishing result.

In the field, it is preferable to use quick-disconnect instead of flange connections, which significantly reduces the recharge time of the device.

Tests of the proposed device, equipped with an additional crevice nozzle, showed the possibility of extinguishing, in addition to gas and gas-oil fountains in a vertical or horizontal plane, also oil and condensate bottling with an area of up to 40 sq.m.

And the use of a rotary (upward bent) as an additional nozzle provides a reduction in quenching time due to the almost parallel supply of a powder jet to the axis (almost coaxial) of the gas fountain, which is especially effective when the flame is separated from the wellhead.

In adverse weather conditions, it is advisable to use several devices located at a distance of up to 30 m from the source and always taking into account the direction of the wind. Moreover, the proposed device when launching two or more "guns" provide volley triggering with the simultaneous release of powder.

It should also be possible to quickly recharge devices with extinguishing powder.

At present, no other device is known, including a prototype device capable of extinguishing complex fires of gushing gas and oil at a remote distance (up to 30 meters from the outbreak), which is safe enough for people and equipment

Claims (5)

1. A device for the pulsed supply of extinguishing powder containing axially located gas-generating chamber for powder gases, a housing with a nozzle, a bursting membrane, a gas generator with an electric start installed in the outer end of the chamber, and the opposite end of the chamber is connected to the housing to ensure isolation of the chamber volume from the contact with fire extinguishing powder in the housing, characterized in that the housing is made in the form of a barrel, an insulating partition with perforation and central m hole, a hollow tubular cup is coaxially placed inside the barrel, one end of which ends with a bell connected inseparably with an insulating partition along the perimeter of the central hole made to fit the bell, holes are made over the entire surface of the hollow tubular cup to allow the passage of gaseous products of combustion from the chamber and creating in the barrel of the working pressure of the ejection of powder, while the bursting membrane is installed at the junction of the barrel and nozzle, made in the form f cylinder, the length of the hollow tubular glass is less than the length of the barrel, and at the free end of the tubular glass a dividing wall is installed that overlaps the plane of the barrel section to limit the possibility of powder spreading, and at the same time ensuring the formation of a storage chamber in the barrel cavity directly in front of the membrane. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that it additionally use a crevice nozzle mounted directly on the cylindrical nozzle. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally uses a rotary nozzle mounted directly on the cylindrical nozzle. 4. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that as a fire extinguishing powder using known powders with a dispersion of 20-100 microns. 5. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that as the connecting nodes between the camera and the barrel, as well as between the barrel and the cylindrical nozzle, bolt flange connections or quick disconnect connections can be used.

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