RU2574129C2 - Grain crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates crushing of loose materials, particularly, of grain and can be used in agriculture, and production of mixed fodder. Claimed crusher comprises working chamber 1, hammer drum 2, top and bottom decks and screen. Planetary mechanism is mounted on crushing chamber sides on one end of the hammer drum shaft while the crank is fitted at the other side. Said planetary mechanism and crank are engaged with countershaft pullet and blower shaft via standard couplers. Planetary mechanism housing is composed of a crown wheel closed on sides by end discs. Said discs supports the five parallel shafts with gears rigidly fitted thereon. Said gears are fitted to transmit the torque to said hammer drum and to run in circle relative to drive shaft.

EFFECT: lower power input, more efficient operation.

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Description

The invention relates to a device for crushing grain and other bulk materials and can be used in agriculture, as well as in the feed industry.

A device for grinding concentrated feed [1], including a hopper, a grinding chamber, a loading window, a hammer drum, an unloading window, a pipeline, a separation chamber, a return channel and an unloading channel, is known. Unfinished large fractions of the feed through the return channel, separating in the separation chamber, are again fed into the grinding chamber.

A disadvantage of the known design is that it does not take into account the separation of the crushed material into fractions in the grinding chamber. Moreover, if in the grinding chamber the underfinished (large) feed fractions are located on the periphery of the circular movement of the feed, then in the separation chamber, the ground “light” feed fractions change places with the underfinished “large” feed fractions. The crushed "light" feed fractions are higher than the under-chopped "large" feed fractions. As a result, a clear distinction is made between under-ground and ground feed fractions, which makes it difficult to separate them both for selection as finished products and for re-grinding.

Known grain crusher, selected as a prototype [2], containing a crushing chamber with a hammer drum placed on it, on which hammers are pivotally mounted. In the radial (peripheral) walls of the crushing chamber in diametrically opposite directions, a window for loading the source material into the crushing chamber and a window for unloading the finished product are made. The lower and upper decks are attached to the same walls of the chamber, on one side of which a sieve is located, on the other - a window for loading the source material into the crushing chamber.

A disadvantage of the known design is the formation of a relatively uniform and layered, in cross section, air-product layer (IPN), making a circular motion inside the crushing chamber. The IPN stratification is a structure, on the periphery of which for the most part there are large fragmented and not fragmented grains, but on the opposite part of the layer, which is closer to the center of rotation, crushed and regrind kernels. This is due to the separation of particles in the layer of crushed material under the action of centrifugal forces. Large particles are located mainly on the periphery of the circular movement of the feed (on the surface of the sieves and decks), and small ones on the inner surface of the layer (in the area of the hammers), with this, fine fractions of the feed are regrind. Large fractions of the feed block the output of the crushed feed through a sieve and consume energy for the circular rotation of the IPN.

The objective of the invention is to reduce energy consumption and improve the conditions of the impact of the working bodies of the crusher - hammers on the source material.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the planetary mechanism is installed on one side of the shaft of the crushing chamber on one end of the shaft of the hammer drum, and on the other - a crank. Circular movements of the shaft of the hammer drum of radius R constantly change the distance between the sieve and the internal protrusions of the decks on one side and the trajectory of rotation of the ends of the articulated hammers on the drum on the other side within the specified limits, thereby changing the separation (stratification) of the IPN: large particles fall to a greater extent under the blows of hammers, while small ones are sifted through the sieve and are not refilled.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a grain crusher with a hammer drum, which shows the installation location of the planetary gear and crank structure: a - main view (cross section of the crushing chamber); b - left side view (longitudinal section of the crushing chamber).

Figure 2 shows a diagram of the construction of the planetary mechanism: a - main view (cross section of the planetary mechanism); b - left side view (longitudinal section of the planetary mechanism).

Figure 3 shows a sketch of the crank: a - the main view; b - left view.

The grain crusher (Fig. 1) comprises a casing of the crushing chamber 1 with a hammer drum 2 placed on it, on which hammers 3 are pivotally mounted. The lower 4 and upper 5 decks are fastened to the chamber walls, the sides of which on one side border the sieve 6, and on the other hand, with a window for loading the source material 7 into the crushing chamber, which is connected to the grain bucket 8.

According to the invention, the hammer drum shaft 9 receives rotation and circular motion from the planetary gear 10, which is mounted on the end face of the drive shaft 11 (KDU-2.0 crusher) using standard couplings 12. The planetary mechanism maintains the frequency of rotation of the hammer drum (n = 2600 rpm / min) and creates a circular motion to the shaft of the hammer drum. A planetary mechanism is installed between the outer wall of the crushing chamber housing and the counter drive pulley 13. On the other hand, between the outer wall of the crushing chamber housing and the fan housing 14, the hammer drum shaft is connected to the crank 15 using the same standard couplings so that the fan shaft and the counter drive shaft were on the same axis of rotation. The circular movements of the hammer drum constantly change the distance between the sieve and the internal protrusions of the decks on one side and the trajectory of rotation of the ends of the articulated hammers on the rotor on the other side. Thus, these distances vary from the minimum S _min to the maximum S _max value, and these extreme values in the crushing chamber are diametrically opposed.

The planetary mechanism (Figure 2) is arranged as follows. The body of the planetary mechanism in the cross section is a box shape, and in the longitudinal - a circular disk. The end walls of the housing are a support for five parallel shafts 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. On each shaft, except for the shaft 17, gears 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 are rigidly mounted, having the same module and diameters equal to the diameter countershaft pulley. On the shaft 17 of such gears two are 22, 24. The gear ratios of the gears of any pair of these wheels are equal to unity. The torque of the shaft 16 is transmitted to the gear wheel 21, then to the wheel 22, therefore to the shaft 17 and to the wheel 24, then to the wheel 25 and to the shaft 20. Thus, the shafts 16 and 20, as well as the hammer drum of the grain crusher, have an equal rotation frequency (n = 2600 rpm / min). The design of the planetary gear housing is made in such a way that its peripheral surface is a castellated wheel 26, which is engaged with the gear 24. During operation of the planetary gear, its housing rotates around the shaft 16, and with it the shaft 20. The rotation of the shaft 20 around the axis of the shaft 16 creates circular rotations of the hammer drum of radius R, changing the distance between the sieve and the internal protrusions of the decks on one side and the path of rotation of the ends of the articulated hammers on the drum on the other side from the minimum (S _min ) to the maximum (S _max ) value.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Grain crusher / B.E. Hrapach, I.V. Kulakovsky, F.S. Kirpichnikov, S.P. Krivitsky and V.G. Zatsepin // A.S. USSR No. 1507442 A1, cl. B02C 13/00, 1989

2. Grain crusher / Е.М. Burlutsky, V.D. Pavlidis, M.V. Chkalova // Patent RU 2407591 C1, IPC B02C / 3/00 (2006.01)

Claims (1)

A grain crusher containing a crushing chamber with a hammer drum, lower and upper decks placed in it, a sieve, characterized in that a planetary mechanism is installed on the sides of the crushing chamber housing at one end of the hammer drum shaft, on the other there is a crank, their connection with the counter drive pulley and the fan shaft is carried out using standard couplings, and the planetary gear housing is a crown wheel, closed on the sides by end disks, which are supports for five parallels no set of shafts on which toothed wheels are rigidly planted, which arrangement provides both torque transmission from the hammer drum desired speed processing conditions, and a circular motion with a given radius of the planetary gear relative to the drive shaft.

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