RU2559686C1 - Working body of tool for surface tillage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: working body comprises disc blocks with knives mounted by the leashes. The discs consist of the hub and the rim which width is equal to the width of the hub. The knives are made on the rim, mounted at an angle of 30…40° to the direction of movement, equal to the angle of friction of the soil sliding on the working surface of the knife. The knives have a height equal to the desired depth of tillage. The front wall of the knife is mounted radially to the surface of the rim, and the rear wall of the knife is provided at a cutting-point angle equal to 10…15° to the front wall. The front edge of the knives has a rounding on the circle radius. The knives are located on the rim on the outer surface with an overlap. The discs are mounted on the axis of the tool by means of sliding bearings mounted in the hub.

EFFECT: increase in degree of crumbling and levelling of the soil surface before sowing, providing destruction of weeds.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to rotary tillage implements for continuous surface tillage.

A rotary tillage implement is known, including a horizontal drum made of discs that are interconnected by rods with loosening teeth, while the teeth of the previous rod are staggered with respect to the teeth of the next, each of the rods has additional teeth, each of which is located between two main ones with angular displacement relative to them, while the diameter of the circle drawn through the tops of the cutting edges of the additional teeth is less than the diameter of a similar the circumference of the main teeth (copyright certificate SU No. 1042629).

The disadvantages of the described tools include insufficiently complete destruction of weeds, mixing and desiccation of the soil. A rotary tillage implement is known that contains disks mounted on a horizontal axis, in which, in order to improve the quality of the soil cultivation, each of them is equipped with knives fixed along its perimeter, each of which has the shape of a trapezium facing a smaller base to the disk, and is located at an angle to the plane disk rotation (copyright certificate SU No. 1535395).

The disadvantages of this implement design include insufficiently complete weed cutting, mixing of wet and dry layers, and desiccation of the soil, which leads to a decrease in crop yields.

Also known is a rotary implement for tillage on slopes, containing teeth located on a longitudinal horizontal shaft along a helical line, and the distance from the toe of the teeth to the axis of rotation of the shaft increases during the process and is determined by the formula

Ri = Rmax-H (n-i) / n,

while the width of the teeth is reduced in the course of the process and is determined by the formula

rn = 1,2n + 1-iBmax,

where R is the distance from the sock to the axis of rotation of the shaft of the i-tooth;

Rmax is the distance from the sock to the axis of rotation of the shaft of the last tooth;

Η - width of the working part of the tooth;

n is the number of teeth on the shaft;

i is the number of the tooth;

bi - the width of the first tooth, and the angle between adjacent teeth is 30 ... 90 ° (copyright certificate SU No 1376956).

The disadvantages of this rotary implement include design complexity, increased energy costs for processing the soil horizon, insufficiently complete destruction of weeds, mixing and desiccation of the soil, and a decrease in crop yields.

A rotary tillage implement is known that contains a frame, an automatic coupling bracket, support wheels and a disk block with knives arranged in the form of flat polygons with a cutting edge mounted by leashes on a horizontal axis, while it is equipped with additional blocks mounted with steps forward to the main block, each additional block is kinematically connected to the support wheel with a gear ratio

i = DB / DK,

where DB is the diameter of the circumference of the cutting edges of the knives of the block a drives;

Dk - diameter of the support wheel;

i = 0.5-0.7, and the main block is equipped with a brake built into the cavity of the disk block, has friction and pressure disks conjugated by elastic elements, each knife is made in the form of a rhombus with cutting edges around the perimeter, while the said knives are paired with the disk block by means of struts having a parabolic shape, while the smaller diagonal of the rhombus of each knife is made 1.05-1.10 times the spacing of adjacent racks on the surface of the disk block, and each leash is connected to the frame by means of a transverse and longitudinal horizontal hinge Each drive unit with automatic coupling bracket is connected a flexible rod, and each blade is tilted to the drive unit diametral plane at an angle of 50-70 ° (patent RU 2,289,897 for an invention Νο, ΜΠΚΑ 018 21/08).

The disadvantages of this rotary tillage implement include the complexity of the design, low reliability, enveloping knives with plant residues.

Known rotary cultivator-wearer, including mounted with leashes blocks of disks with knives, each block mounted on a крон-shaped bracket and includes two hubs, to which are attached using holders replaceable rectangular knives installed at an angle of 25 ... 30 ° to the radius direction moreover, the knife is directed towards the movement of the rotary cultivator-weeder, the disk blocks with knives mounted on the ⊥-shaped bracket form a section of the rotary cultivator-wearer, two sections connected by th the horizontal plate and installed in the first row are pivotally connected to the frame of the rotary cultivator-wearer with short leads, and two sections connected using a horizontal plate and installed in the second row are pivotally connected to the frame with long leads, sections of the first and second row are installed with overlap, forming a fully processed zone, the number of sections in rows is selected depending on the traction properties of the tractor (RU patent for the invention 2483506 C1).

The disadvantages of this cultivator-wearer include the low quality of loosening the soil and its leveling, the lack of the possibility of preliminary compaction of its surface, low reliability.

This ripper-wearer is accepted by us as the closest analogue.

The invention consists in the following.

The problem to which the invention is directed is reducing traction resistance, loosening the soil surface and leveling it with preliminary compaction, destroying weed vegetation.

EFFECT: crumbling and leveling of the soil surface before sowing, destruction of weed vegetation.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known working body of tools for surface tillage, including disk blocks with knives installed by leashes, according to the invention, the disks consist of a hub and a rim the width of which is equal to the width of the hub, and knives are made on the rim, installed at an angle of 30 ... 40 ° equal to the angle of friction of the soil sliding against the working surface of the knife and having a height equal to the required depth of tillage, while the front wall of the knife is installed p diagonal to the surface of the rim, and the rear wall of the knife is made at an angle of sharpening equal to 10 ... 15 ° to the front wall, the front edge of the knives is rounded along the radius of the circle, the knives are placed on the rim along the outer surface in overlap, the disks are mounted on the axis of the implement using sliding bearings installed in the hub.

The image is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a working body of a tool for surface tillage, side view;

in FIG. 2 - also, a top view;

in FIG. 3 is a section Α-A in FIG. 1.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention is as follows.

The working body of the tool for surface tillage includes a rim 1, a hub 2. On the rim 1 there are knives 3 having a height equal to the required depth of tillage. This depth, depending on the cultivated crop, varies within 8 ... 10 cm.

The knives are installed at an angle of sliding friction of 30 ... 40 ° of the working surface on the soil.

Between the hub 2 and the rim 1 there is a disk 4 with holes for reducing the weight of the disk. The front wall of the 5 knives is made radially to the surface of the rim, and the rear wall 6 is made at an angle of sharpening equal to 10 ... 15 ° to the front wall, installed experimentally.

The front edge of the knives 3 has a rounded radius, to ensure that the knives 3 enter the soil without impact.

The tool for surface tillage is a drum consisting of discs mounted on an axis with sliding bearings installed in the hub 2.

The working body of the tool for surface tillage works as follows.

When rolling over the surface of the soil, the teeth 3 loosen the soil and cut the weeds, and the rim 1 performs surface leveling and partial compaction, which creates favorable conditions for planting seeds of cultivated plants to a given depth, increase their germination and productivity.

Thus, the working body of the tool for surface tillage, including disk blocks with knives installed by means of leashes, characterized in that the disks consist of a hub and a rim the width of which is equal to the width of the hub, and knives mounted at an angle of 30 ... 40 ° are made on the rim to the direction of movement equal to the angle of friction of the soil sliding against the working surface of the knife and having a height equal to the necessary depth of tillage, while the front wall of the knife is installed radially to the surface of the rim, and the rear wall of the knife is made at an angle of sharpening equal to 10 ... 15 ° to the front wall, the front edge of the knives is rounded along the radius of the circle, the knives are placed on the rim along the outer surface in overlap, the disks are mounted on the axis of the implement using sliding bearings installed in the hub, allowing crumbling and leveling soil before sowing, destruction of weeds.

Claims (1)

The working body of the tool for surface tillage, including disk blocks with knives installed by means of leashes, characterized in that the disks consist of a hub and a rim the width of which is equal to the width of the hub, and knives are mounted on the rim and set at an angle of 30 ... 40 ° to the direction of movement equal to the angle of friction of the soil sliding against the working surface of the knife, and having a height equal to the required depth of tillage, while the front wall of the knife is installed radially to the surface of the rim, and the rear wall of the knife is made at an angle friction equal to 10 ... 15 ° to the front wall, the front edge of the knives has a radially circumferential fillet knives placed on the rim of the outer surface of the overlap-wheels mounted on axis of the tool by means of sliding bearings installed in the hub.

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