RU2559330C1 - Screw press for juice extraction from plant material (fruits and vegetables) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device consists of a loading hopper, a housing in which a composite screw is mounted. The screw consists of three screws mounted coaxially on the drive shaft: the feeding screw, each turn of the helicoids of which is formed by two curved knives, an extrusion screw having on the last turn the rectangular radial slots and the screw made with a decrease in turn pitch. The screws form four product processing zones (zone of loading and crushing - I, compression zone - II, zone of pressure stabilisation - III, zone of intense compression - IV). Between the extrusion screw and the screw made with a decrease in turn pitch a conical bushing is mounted, facing with the smaller base to the compression screw. In front of the conical bushing the disintegrator of pulp is mounted.

EFFECT: use of the invention enables to improve the yield of the extracted juice.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular for grinding and squeezing moisture from plant materials.

Known screw presses (US patent, CL B01D 25/28, No. 4287058, publ. In 1981). Presses have low productivity and high suspension content.

Known disk presses (patent RU No. 2490928, class A23K 1/00, 2012, bull. No. 24). This press is characterized by the fact that two plane-parallel disks are installed inside the casing, one of which is stationary, and the other is connected to a rotary drive.

Due to the cutting edge of the disks, grinding is performed, and the liquid fraction is removed by reducing the volume space between the knives forming their curved surface.

These presses have low productivity and cannot provide high-quality juice extraction from fruits and vegetables.

Closest to the claimed design for the device and the principle of operation is the press adopted for the prototype (patent RU No. 2065871, class C12G 1/02, B30B 9/12, published in 1996).

The disadvantages of the known devices:

1. Requires preliminary grinding of the pressed mass.

2. When increasing the viscosity of the pressed material, it is possible to clog the hole in an additional turn.

3. The extraction of slaughterhouse waste is not possible. (Lack of versatility.)

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of the process, reducing specific energy consumption due to loosening and mixing of the pressed mass, the possibility of processing material with various physical and mechanical properties.

The technical result is achieved due to the structural features of the screw part of the device.

The proposed design of a screw press allows you to:

firstly, to grind the feedstock by performing curvilinear knives on the auger turns in the loading zone;

secondly, to increase the yield of juice by mixing and loosening the pressed mass;

thirdly, to reduce the required pressing pressure, and therefore reduce energy costs;

fourthly, at the same time, grind and remove the liquid fraction from the slaughterhouse waste, as a result, obtain raw materials for further barothermic processing in an extruder for animal feed.

The conformity of the proposed technical solution to the “significant differences” requirement is ensured by the fact that new design features unknown in other technical solutions (analogs and prototypes) make it possible to obtain a positive economic effect and wide practical application.

In FIG. 1 shows a press, a longitudinal section; in FIG. 2 - section AA in the loading and grinding zone of the source material; in FIG. 3 - section BB of the last turn of the pressing screw 6.

The device consists of: a loading hopper 2, a housing 1, inside which a composite screw is installed, consisting of three, coaxially mounted on the drive shaft 3, screws: a feeding screw 4, each helix of which is formed by two sickle-shaped knives 5, a pressing screw 6, having at the last turn, rectangular radial slots 7 and screw 8, made with a decrease in the pitch of the turn, forming four zones of product processing (loading and grinding zone - I, compression zone - II, pressure stabilization zone - III, intensive compression zone - IV).

In the loading and grinding zone - I, each turn of the helicoid of the feed screw 4 is formed by two sickle-shaped knives 5, with cutting edges made on the end arcuate working face 9 and along their outer periphery 10 (Fig. 2). The last turn of the pressing screw 6, in the pressure stabilization zone - III, has rectangular radial slots 7 (Fig. 3) to update the drainage channels.

In the pressure stabilization zone III, between the pressing screw 6 and the screw 8, made with decreasing the pitch of the turn, the conical sleeve 11 is installed coaxially with the latter, facing the smaller screw base 6, and also the pulper baking powder 12 is mounted in front of the conical sleeve, which facilitates mixing and loosening pulp, which increases the removal of moisture with less pressing pressure. The final press stage is carried out in the area of the screw 8, made with a decrease in the pitch of the turn. Pressing pressure is regulated by changing the gap between the housing 1 and the pressure regulator pressing 13.

The device operates as follows.

The source material to be processed from the hopper 2 enters the loading and grinding zone I, where it is crushed by two sickle-shaped knives 5, with cutting edges made on the end arcuate working face 9 and along their outer periphery 10. Then it is captured by the subsequent parts of the pressing screw 6 where the pulp is pressed with the extraction of moisture (juice) and its removal through the grain strips installed on the housing 1, into the collector of moisture (juice) - juice collector 14.

At the moment the compressed pulp passes through rectangular radial slots 7 made on the last turn of the pressing screw 6 from the compression zone II to the pressure stabilization zone III, its integrity is violated, since the compacted mass rushes into the high pressure zone in front of this screw round zone of lower pressure behind this turn. In addition, the installed pulp baking powder 12 further mixes and loosens the pressed pulp.

As a result, the layer is reshaped and the drainage channels are updated, which contributes to an increase in moisture removal (juice) during further compaction of the pulp in the area of intense compression by the screw 8.

Claims (1)

A screw press for extracting juice from vegetable raw materials in the form of fruits and vegetables, comprising a housing, a hopper, a drive shaft with a screw, a pressure regulator, pressing, a juice collector, characterized in that the composite screw is made integral and consists of three coaxially mounted on the drive shaft, augers: a feeding auger, each helix of which is formed by two sickle-shaped knives, with cutting edges made on the end arched working face and along their outer periphery, a pressing auger having a straight line on the last turn radial slots, and a screw made with a decrease in the pitch of the turn, while between the pressing screw and a screw made with a decrease in the pitch of the coil, a conical sleeve is installed coaxially last, facing a smaller base to the pressing screw, and a pulverizer is installed in front of the conical sleeve.

Images