RU2558507C2 - Method of growing naked oat - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, particularly crop production, and can be used in growing naked oat under conditions of nonchernozem belt of the Russian Federation. The method comprises the pre-sowing treatment of soil, sowing the preliminary treated seeds, crop tending, harvesting and grain conditioning. The crop tending comprises treatment of plants during vegetation. The naked oat seeds before sowing are treated with a bacterial preparation Planris at a concentration of the working fluid of 5% at a consumption rate of 10 l/t for 24 hours prior to sowing. Sowing seeds of naked oat is performed at the physical maturity of soil with a seeding rate of 5-5.5 million seeds of 90-95% germination rate per 1 ha of cultivated area. The treatment of plant top is carried out in a tillering phase on a single occasion with the preparation Max Super Humate at a concentration of the working fluid of 1.0% at a consumption rate of 250 l/ha. Harvesting is carried out at 80-85% entering of naked oats plants in the phase of full ripeness.

EFFECT: technology enables to increase the yield of naked oats.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular crop production, and can be used in the cultivation of bare oats in the conditions of the non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation.

In modern conditions, oats as a grain culture acquires a new meaning. Since the 80s of the last century, it has become more and more a food culture in world agriculture. This is due to the high quality of grain, which is rich in vitamin B1 (thiamine) and compounds of Fe, Ca, R. Oats has a high protein content of 12-13%, starch 40-45% and fat 4.5% (especially rich in them fetus), which determine its nutritional and nutritional benefits. Linolenic and oleic acids predominate in the composition of fat.

Of great interest for the production of dietary products and animal feed are glazed varieties of oats. Golosernny varieties of oats contain protein up to 18% and an increased percentage of the entire set of 16 essential amino acids, compared with membranous oats and other cereals. Due to the good balance of amino acids, it has excellent dietary and medicinal properties. The activity of amino acids increases several times in the seedlings of Holoserous oats, which determines its high energy properties, thereby it is an excellent alternative to various doping. With their consumption in the body, metabolic processes, vitality and activity increase, the color of the gray hair is restored. Antioxidant properties are very high. The total CCA is 35 mg / 100 g, which is two times higher than other cereals. Due to its high antioxidant properties, it blocks the formation in the body of radicals formed during oxidative processes, thereby fighting the aging of the body at the cellular level. In seedlings - a high content of vitamin E -> 21 mg / 100 g, elevated zinc - up to 18 mg / 100 g, selenium and iron, which is very important in increasing antioxidant properties, stimulating the formation of carotene and collagen, thereby increasing the body's immunity, and exacerbates sight, smell, hearing and taste; supports optimal cell growth and reproduction. It helps well with dysbiosis, tooth decay, renews and improves skin elasticity. The sprouted grain of Holoserous oats with its polysaccharides increases the body's production of perforin, which blocks tumor cells, enhances the work of killer cells, eliminating diseased cells and metastasis, and improves the condition during chemo- and radiation therapy.

Goloserny oats are a new biologically and energetically valuable raw material for food and fodder production. The production of food concentrates from it simplifies the production process, increases the yield of finished products and reduces its cost. Goloserny oats, along with the traditional use of horse feed, are a valuable concentrated feed for cattle, pigs, sheep and poultry. Due to its good digestible oats is of great importance in diet and baby food. Concentrate from holoserous oats is characterized by high nutritional value and energy value.

Despite the value of this crop, bare oats are not widely distributed due to low yields. The main cultivated area is occupied by membranous forms of oats. Distribution of bare oats in crops is slow. This is due to the fact that with selective oats, on the one hand, insufficient breeding work is carried out, on the other hand, the culture of holozerous oats has not been studied technologically. In the Tver Oblast, no-grain oats are absent in crops due to the lack of development of cultivation technology and the unexplored adaptive properties of varieties.

The technologies for obtaining high oat productivity are well known and studied (A.S. USSR No. 1547742, Cl. АСС 21/00, 1987; Khapetskiy S.P. Technology for obtaining high oat productivity. / Minsk. IVC Ministry of Finance, 2007; Pat. RF № 2297129, CL A01C 1/06, 2005). But in these works, membranous varieties of oats are considered.

Closest to the claimed is a method of growing oats (RF Patent No. 2471329, CL. A01C 1/00, 2011, prototype), including pre-sowing tillage, sowing pre-treated seeds, caring for crops, harvesting and processing of grain. Before sowing, oats seeds are treated with a humic plant growth stimulator obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of lowland peat with an aqueous solution of ammonia in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. During the growing season, the plants are treated with a herbicide, to which a humic plant growth stimulator is added. Seed processing provides a high yield of oats, reduces the filminess of seeds, increases the mass of 1000 grains, the fullness of seedlings, the structure of the crop, improves the phytosanitary condition of seeds.

But the known method of growing oats is ineffective in growing bare-grain oats. Processing plants of bare oats with a mixture of a herbicide and a humic stimulator will cause a decrease in straw yield and the formation of films on the grain, which is unacceptable for bare oats and will significantly reduce its quality, thereby reducing the economic effect. In addition, taking into account the fact that holozero varieties of oats are of great interest for the production of dietary and medicinal products, including for baby food and animal feed, it is necessary to limit the use of pesticides and fertilizers in high standards. Goloserny oats, unlike membranous oats, react differently to external factors, such as seeding rate, mineral fertilizers, foliar feeding, and seed incrustation. By manipulating these factors and taking into account the biological characteristics of the culture, you can change the main indicators of sowing and regulate the biological processes occurring in the plant.

The problem solved by this invention is to increase the yield of holoserous oats.

The technical result obtained from the solution of the problem is to provide raw materials for enterprises engaged in the production of dietary and medical products, including for baby food, as well as feed for horses, cattle, pigs, sheep and poultry, which are of great importance in improving feed base of livestock.

The biology of culture is the basis for building its cultivation technology. Grain harvest is formed under the influence of a set of factors of the external environment of the plants and the targeted use of agricultural techniques that affect the formation of oat productivity.

The object of the invention is solved by the fact that in the method for growing holoserous oats, which includes pre-sowing cultivation of the soil, sowing pre-treated seeds, caring for crops, which includes treating plants during the growing season, harvesting and working off grain, the seeds of glazed oats are treated with the bacterial preparation Planriz with the concentration of the working fluid is 5.0% at a consumption rate of 10 l per 1 ton of seeds, 24 hours before sowing, sowing of seeds of holoserous oats is carried out with physical ripeness of the soil with a sowing rate and 5-5.5 million seeds of 90-95% germination per 1 ha of cultivated area, the surface of the plants is treated once in the tillering phase with Max Super Humat with a working fluid concentration of 1.0% at a flow rate of 250 l / ha, and harvesting is carried out at the entry of 80-85% of the plants of the bare oats into the phase of full ripeness.

The claimed method of growing bare oats is aimed at increasing its productivity.

Holoserous forms of oats are more susceptible to diseases than membranous ones. Therefore, it is very important to prevent the development of diseases in the early stages of ontogenesis of plants of the hollow oats. For this purpose, for processing grain before sowing, they use not a humic stimulator, but a bacterial preparation Planriz.

Planriz is a preparation obtained on the basis of the strain Pseudomonas fluorescein-AP 33. The preparation is a culture fluid containing bacterial cells of the Pseudomonas fluorescen strain AP 33. To obtain the drug, the strain is grown on LB medium containing, g / l: peptone 10.0, yeast extract 5.0, sodium chloride 10.0, water up to 1 l, for 16-18 hours at 28-31 ° C to a concentration of 5-1010 cells / ml and the resulting suspension is used to treat plant seeds. The drug, obtained on the basis of this strain, allows you to stimulate plant growth and inhibits the growth of phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Alternaria, Bepolaris, Fusarium. Registrant - NPP Agrogen.

Planriz is a biological preparation that is effective against helminthosporic rot, powdery mildew, brown rust, spotting, late blight of potato, gray and fruit rot on fruit and buttocks, black legs, mucous and vascular cabbage bacterioses, and has a biostimulating effect. Under production conditions, Planriz protects crops from diseases, increases the yield at the level of the best seed dressers (provided that it is correctly selected according to the spectrum of action). In the existing assortment of chemical products there are no analogues of Planriz to combat these diseases. It is also important for winter cereals, as it increases the resistance of plants to heat. The main advantages of the drug are that it can be used in any phase of plant development, does not have a waiting period, which allows processing during the ripening period of fruits, berries, vegetables. In addition to the fungicidal and bactericidal effect, it has a growth-promoting effect, does not inhibit the vital activity of native bacterial microflora, does not cause the formation of resistance in phytopathogens, which allows treatment to be performed repeatedly until a positive result is obtained. Safe for humans, warm-blooded animals, fish, bees and the environment; compatible with basic chemicals, except mercury-containing.

The consumption rate of the Planriz preparation, its concentration in the working solution, as well as the time period of the treatment before sowing, were selected experimentally and aimed at preventing the development of diseases at the early stages of ontogenesis of plants of oat oats. Plants not oppressed by the disease are much taller and stronger, which ensures the accumulation of more crops.

The sowing rate of seeds of holoserous oats (5-5.5 million seeds of 90-95% germination per 1 ha of sown area) was adopted in accordance with its biological characteristics: tillering degree, plant height, maximum leaf area, and taking into account a number of factors: percent germination of seeds, soil, climatic conditions, plant nutrition.

The use of Max Super-Humat for micronutrient dressing - microfertilizers based on humic acids, eliminates the formation of films on the grain, increases the vegetative mass of plants and the area of the leaf surface, resulting in increased photosynthetic activity of sowing and greater yield accumulation.

The drug Max Super-Gumat is a fertilizer created on the basis of humic acids for pre-sowing seed treatment and top dressing of grain, industrial, vegetable, fruit and flower and decorative crops. The mass fraction of humic acids is not less than 1, 0%, acidity (pH) not more than 9, 5. Obtained from high-quality peat from the unique environmentally friendly Max Super-Humat deposit contains growth energy that Nature has carefully preserved for centuries - a complex of humic acids. The balanced content of micronutrients in the “Max Super-Humat” composition allows it to be used both for foliar top dressing and for pre-sowing seed treatment. In the production of “Max Super-Humat” microelements are used in a special biologically active state - in chelated form (complex with EDTA). Trace elements in this form are absorbed by plants much faster than in a normal inorganic state. Unfortunately, during prolonged storage, chelated forms of trace elements decay under the influence of ultraviolet rays of the sun.

Max SuperGumat registrant: LLC NPK Kolos-Agro.

The consumption rate of the Max Super-Humat preparation, its concentration in the working solution, as well as the number of treatments are also selected experimentally and are aimed at ensuring the optimal mode of accumulation of nutrients in the plants of the glutenous oats and resistance to diseases. The optimal concentration of the working solution with the content of humic substances is 1%, its consumption rate is 250 l / ha. Other studied concentrations of the working solution (0.5% and 2%) also have a positive effect, however, the effectiveness of the solution decreases markedly at a 0.5% concentration or does not differ significantly at a higher concentration (2%).

Processing the ground part of the plants of the oats in the tiller phase of tillering is most favorable for carrying out measures for caring for plants, the basis of which is the regulation of the nutritional regime of plants, since during this period it is possible to most effectively control the crop-forming ability of plants. Spraying plants into other phases of the development of plants of the oat oats showed a significantly lesser effect on yield formation. A single treatment of the ground part of plants during the growing season with this drug with a concentration of 1.0% in the working fluid at a consumption rate of 250 l / ha is sufficient to obtain the maximum yield of bare oats.

The preparations Planriz and Max Super Gumat, in addition to protecting the plants of the glutinous oats from diseases and regulating the nutritional regime of plants, increasing the yield forming ability of plants, have a positive effect on the soil, which also helps to increase the yield of glazed oats grown according to the claimed technology. Table 2 shows the "work" of these drugs at the biological level. Microorganisms, getting into the soil together with the treated seeds and when processing the land part of the plants, “translate” hard-to-reach nutrients in the soil into those available for plants.

Duration of harvesting of oats with no grain is of great importance. It was found that with a delay in harvesting, in addition to large losses of grain due to shedding, the germination energy and germination of seeds decreases when laying for analysis two months after harvesting (EN Vologzhanina. Effect of nitrogen fertilizing and harvesting time on crop and quality seeds of oats. / Agrarian Bulletin of the South-East №1, 2009, p. 36-38). It has been experimentally established that for the Non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation, the optimal harvesting period is the entry of 80-85% of the plants of the oat-freezing oats into the phase of full ripeness.

Pre-sowing tillage is carried out according to the conventional technology for growing membranous oats. Partial processing of grain is also carried out according to the generally accepted technology of undercutting grain of oats.

The claimed method of growing bare oats is illustrated in tables. Table 1 shows data on the density of standing, field germination, preservation, and overall survival of Holoserous oats of the Persheron variety; table 2 shows the biological activity of the soil; table 3 shows the leaf area and photosynthetic potential for sowing Holoseron oats of the Persheron variety; in table 4 - the prevalence of diseases and the degree of damage to plants of the glutinous oats of the variety Persheron; table 5 - the structure of the crop of holoserous oats of the variety Persheron; table 6 - the yield of hollow-grain oats cultivar Persheron; table 7 - the prevalence of diseases, the degree of defeat of plants of glazed oats of the Vyatsky variety; table 8 - the yield of holoserous oats of the Vyatsky variety.

The claimed method for growing holoserous oats includes the following operations:

- presowing tillage;

- treatment of seeds of holoserous oats with the bacterial preparation Planriz with a working fluid concentration of 5% at a flow rate of 10 l / t 24 hours before sowing;

- sowing of pre-treated seeds with physical ripeness of the soil with a sowing rate of 5-5.5 million seeds of 95% germination per 1 ha of sown area;

- care for crops, providing for the processing of the ground part of plants during the growing season once with Max Super Humate with a working fluid concentration of 1.0% at a flow rate of 250 l / ha;

- Harvesting with the entry of 80-85% of the plants of the glazed oats into the phase of full ripeness;

- part-time grain.

Examples of specific performance of the claimed method of growing holozerous oats.

Example 1

In 2012, a one-factor field experiment was conducted on the experimental field of the Department of Plant Production of the Tver State Agricultural Agricultural Academy on the plants of bare-grain oats of the Persheron variety. The experimental plot area is 45.22 m ² , the accounting plot area is 36.72 m ² . The experimental design included 3 options in triplicate. The control option - without presowing treatment of seeds. The second option is pre-sowing seed treatment with the bacterial preparation Planriz with a working fluid concentration of 5% at a flow rate of 10 l / t 24 hours before sowing. The third option is pre-sowing seed treatment with the bacterial preparation Planriz with a working fluid concentration of 5% at a flow rate of 10 l / t 24 hours before sowing and foliar dressing of vegetating plants in the tillering phase with the humic preparation Max Super Humate with a working fluid concentration of 1.0% at consumption rate of 250 l / ha.

In the second and third options, a higher preservation of plants was observed and, consequently, an increase in the yield of plants of holoserous oats. In the control variant, the plant safety was 77.9%; in the second variant, this indicator increased to 81.0%. When using Planriz and Max Super Humate as a top dressing on vegetating plants during the tillering phase, the preservation was also higher than in the control.

To show a positive effect on the soil of the preparations Planriz and Max Super Gumat, the biological activity of the soil was determined by laying linen paintings for a period of 30 days. The method consists in placing the linen in the soil with subsequent extraction after 30 days, determine the activity of microflora, decomposing cellulose, to determine the degree and rate of decay of the linen tissue (the method was proposed by the Institute of Nuclear Medicine). In the control variant, the degree of decomposition of linen flax was 46.8%, and in the variant with the use of Planriz for seed treatment, it was 60.65%, the use of Planriz and Max Super Humate increased the degree of decomposition to 84.5%. This suggests that the treatment of seeds, respectively, before sowing with Planriz and the ground part of the plants of the holoserous oats in the tillering phase with Max Super Gumat increased the activity of microorganisms in the soil, resulting in the conversion of hard-to-reach nutrients in the soil to those available for plants and thereby increasing the yield of the glazed oats.

The leaf area and photosynthetic sowing potential were determined by selecting plants from 1 m every 10 days - thus, the growth dynamics of plants of the oats was monitored. The area of leaves of one plant in cm ² was determined by the weight method using a 10 × 10 cm frame (Kolomeychenko V.V., 1987), the area of leaves of the crop in thousand m ² / ha - by multiplying the area of leaves of one plant by the actual standing density. The total photosynthetic potential of sowing (FPP) for the growing season - by the method of graphical integration.

Disease accounting was carried out (VIZR technique, 1998) visually according to the experimental options. A sample of 10 plants was made in all three repetitions.

The analysis of the structure of the crop and the accounting of the crop were performed according to the generally accepted technique (Z.I. Usanova, 2002).

Harvest accounting was carried out by the continuous method using the Sampo-130 combine in the entry of 80-85% of the plants of the oats in the full grain ripeness phase.

Data on germination, biological activity of the soil, increase in leaf area, photosynthetic activity of plants of the oats in crops, crops, yield and crop structure are presented in tables 1-6.

Example 2

In 2013, a one-factorial experiment was conducted on the experimental field of the Tver State Agricultural Agricultural Academy with bare-grain oats of the Vyatsky variety. The experimental plot area is 45.22 m ² , the accounting plot area is 36.71 m ² . The experimental design included two options in triplicate. The control option - without presowing treatment of seeds. The second option is pre-sowing seed treatment with the bacterial preparation Planriz with a working fluid concentration of 5% at a rate of 10 liters per 1 ton of seeds 24 hours before sowing. The third option is pre-sowing seed treatment with the bacterial preparation Planriz with a working fluid concentration of 5% at a rate of 10 liters per 1 ton of seeds 24 hours before sowing and foliar feeding of vegetating plants in the tillering phase with humic preparation Max Super Humate with a working fluid concentration of 1.0 % at a rate of consumption of 250 l / ha.

In the second variant, a significant decrease in the degree of damage to plants by diseases was observed. So, in the control variant, the degree of defeat of plants of the glutinous oat by helminthosporiasis was 6%, and in the variant with the use of the preparation Planriz for seed treatment before sowing and Max Super-Humata for foliar feeding of plants of the glacial oat, this indicator was 3%. The degree of rust damage in the control was 9%, and in the variant with seed treatment before sowing and foliar feeding of vegetating plants in the tillering phase - 5%, the same situation with red-brown spotting: in the control variant, the degree of damage was 23%, and on option, including processing - 11%.

Harvest accounting was carried out by the continuous method using the Sampo-130 combine with the entry of 80-85% of the plants of the oats in the full grain ripeness phase. The data on the harvest of holoserous oats showed the high efficiency of the use of the bacterial preparation Planriz and the drug Max Super-Humat when growing holoserous oats by the claimed method in the Non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The data are presented in tables 7, 8.

The claimed method for growing bare-grain oats provides a yield comparable to that of the oats of the membranous varieties. For example, the yield of the best varieties of membranous oats Krechet, zoned in the Tver region, is on average 20-25ts / ha. This circumstance allows us to recommend the claimed method of growing bare oats for use in the non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. Its widespread introduction will provide raw materials for enterprises engaged in the production of dietary and medical products, including for baby food, as well as feed for horses, cattle, pigs, sheep and poultry, which are of great importance in improving the forage base of livestock.

Table 1 Density of standing, field germination, preservation, overall survival of the Holoserous oats of the Persheron variety Option Plants, pcs / m ² PV,% Save% OV,% Seedlings Before cleaning Control, no processing 340 265 61.8 77.9 48,2 Seed Processing Planriz 365 295 66,4 81.0 53.6 Planriz + Max Super Humate 350 276 63.6 78.8 50,2

table 2 Soil biological activity Option The degree of decomposition,% Control, no processing 46.8 Seed Processing Planriz 60.65 Planriz + Max Super Humate 84.5

Table 3 Leaf area and photosynthetic potential for sowing Holoserous oats of the Persheron variety Option L, thousand m ² / ha FPP, thousand m ² · day / ha Received grain per 1 thousand units. FPP, kg Max. average Control, no processing 21,4 11,2 861 1.86 Seed Processing Planriz 18.2 11.8 919 2,30 Planriz + Max Super Humate 28.1 17.3 1329 1.25

Table 4 The prevalence of diseases, the degree of damage to plants of the Holoserous oats of the variety Persheron Option The degree of damage,% Helminthosporiosis Rust Red brown spotting Control, no processing 10 10 55 Seed Processing Planriz 5 eleven 16 Planriz + MSH 7.5 8 21

Table 5 The structure of the harvest of Holoserous oats of the variety Persheron Option Shoots, pcs / m ² Bushiness The mass of grain from a panicle, g Total prod. common prod. Control, no processing 318 299 1.20 1.13 0.538 Seed Processing Planriz 384 348 1.30 1.18 0.477 Planriz + MSH 400 339 1.45 1.23 0.622

Table 6 Productivity of Holoserous Oats of the Persheron variety Option Productivity, t / ha +/- to control, c / ha Control, no processing 16.1 - Seed Processing Planriz 18.2 2.1 Planriz + Max Super Humate 21.1 5,0 NDS _0.5 = 1.13

Table 7 The prevalence of diseases, the degree of defeat of plants of the holoserous oats of the Vyatsky variety Option The degree of damage,% Helminthosporiosis Rust Red brown spotting Control, no processing 6 9 23 Planriz + Max Super Humate 3 5 eleven

Table 8 Productivity of Holocaust Oats Vyatsky Option Productivity, t / ha +/- to control, c / ha Control, no processing 18.1 - Planriz + Max Super Humate 25,2 7.1

Claims (1)

A method of growing holoserous oats, including pre-sowing cultivation of the soil, sowing pre-treated seeds, caring for crops, providing for the treatment of plants during the growing season, harvesting and working off grain, characterized in that the seeds of holoserous oats are treated with bacterial preparation Planriz with a working fluid concentration of 5% at a consumption rate of 10 l / t 24 hours before sowing, sowing of seeds of holoserous oats is carried out with physical ripeness of the soil with a sowing rate of 5-5.5 million seeds of 90-95% germination per 1 ha of the axial area, the treatment of the ground part of the plants is carried out once in the tillering phase with Max Super Gumat once at a concentration of working fluid of 1.0% at a rate of consumption of 250 l / ha, and harvesting is carried out when 80-85% of plants of oat glazed oats enter the phase of full ripeness.