RU2558110C2 - Modular beehive and module of beehive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for management and breeding of honey bees. The modular beehive comprises a detachable bottom 1 and at least one modular housing 2 and a roof 3, mounted on it vertically. The modular housing comprises two removable side walls 4 and at least one module 5 mounted between the side walls. The module of the beehive 6 comprises two walls secured vertically by the lower edges 7 located in parallel to each other on one common base 8 so that between the walls of the module perpendicular to them it is possible to place the beehive frames 9 with the shoulders in the grooves 11. The grooves 11 are located on the inner side of the upper edges 12 of the two walls of the module.

EFFECT: development of devices for management and breeding of honey bees.

18 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to beekeeping, to devices for keeping and breeding honey bees.

Known hive hull, where the hull has the form of a box in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped of four walls with or without bottom, with folds for the shoulders of the hive frames on the inner side of the upper edges of two opposite walls. Sometimes on the walls of the hull, often on the front, are cut holes for the passage of bees. Depending on the design of the hive, the hull can hold from 8 to 24, and sometimes more, frames of the hives. Almost all currently existing beehives, created for intensive beekeeping, are hull. The main disadvantage of hive hives is the inability to horizontally expand the nest of bees in small hulls

The multicase beehive was most widely used, patented by the American beekeeper Langstrot back in 1851, where the beekeeper works in lightweight buildings without frame inspection, which is a determining factor when keeping bees on an industrial basis. But due to the small volume of the buildings where the bees quickly master the available space, with a slight delay in setting up the next building, the bee family enters a swarm state, and in unstable weather with returning cold in spring, expanding the nest to the whole building is detrimental to bees. When a hull is added in a multi-hive hive, warm air rushes into the upper hull and the bee colonies are forced to spend a large amount of energy to maintain the desired microclimate in the nest, which in the case of a daily temperature drop reaching, for example, in central Russia up to 20 degrees, may be insufficient for optimal temperature in the nest and, in the best case, there will be a halt in the development of the bee family, in the worst - the bees begin to pursue the disease. The disadvantages also include the inefficiency of electric heating in multihull hives due to the uneven distribution of heated air in the vertical space.

Also known is the hive-lounger, containing from 14 to 24 or more hive frames and allowing to increase the strength of bee colonies to the main honey collection without the use of additional buildings. It is convenient to form layers in it and in one hive two families or several nucleuses winter well. With the simultaneous expansion of the nest to the whole building even without the use of an insertion board (diaphragm) in such a hive with good insulation of the ceiling, the bees easily maintain the necessary microclimate for growing brood in a certain area, developing gradually horizontally to the side. In horizontal hives, sun loungers, the use of electric heating gives positive results. A comprehensive inspection of the nest with a violation of the biological rhythm of the bee colony, high laboriousness during maintenance and cleaning of the hive in spring, large dimensions and heavy weight are among the disadvantages of hives, sunbeds, because of which they are mainly used only in amateur apiaries.

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a modular beehive US 5741170 A (DARRYI W. ORLETSKY et al.) 04/21/1998 containing the bottom, body, roof, hive frames, where the body is divided by a central partition into two parts, which, in turn, are divided deaf partitions to many cameras. In each chamber, equipped with a tap hole and a ceiling board, you can keep a bee family. The camera can be expanded by removing the blind partition separating the two cameras. The disadvantage of this hive is the high complexity of maintenance, large volume and heavy weight. The absence of a detachable bottom makes it difficult to clean or makes it almost impossible in many cases. It is difficult to imagine cleaning the hive and inspecting the bee colony without fully analyzing the nest and disrupting the biological rhythm of the bees.

The proposed inventions solve the problem of creating working conditions using intensive technology with both hives of vertical and horizontal expansion of the nest in any climatic conditions, providing good and quick access to any part of the nest with minimal interference in the life of the bee family and increasing labor productivity.

To achieve the goal, beekeeping is based on a modular beehive containing a bottom, a housing, a roof, where at least one made modular housing, including two removable side walls and at least one module enclosed between the side walls, is installed vertically on a removable bottom. two walls fastened vertically by the lower edges parallel to each other on one common base so that between the walls of the module perpendicular to them it was possible to install frames of hives hanger in the folds located on the inner side of the upper edges of the two walls of the module.

Preferably, the walls of the modules are made with hand sinks.

Preferably, the module walls are provided with openings for notches.

Preferably, the module walls are provided with openings for feeders.

Preferably, the modules are made with a width that is a multiple of the width of, for example, a hive frame.

Preferably, the distance between the two walls of the module is equal to the length of the hive frames without shoulders, increased, for example, by 15 mm.

Preferably, a sealing gasket is installed at the interface between the side walls of the modular housing and the modules and at the interface between the modules.

The side walls of the modular housing with the modules and the modules are fastened to each other preferably with an elastic screed.

The side walls of the modular housing with the modules and the modules are fastened to each other preferably using, for example, a clip latch.

Depending on the process, a roof liner is preferably installed between the roof and the modular housing.

Preferably, the detachable bottom is provided with an electric heater chamber over which a metal sheet is mounted.

Preferably, the detachable bottom is made with holes for notches and with viewing windows.

A ceiling board is preferably mounted on top of the module.

The present invention of the modular hive is based on another invention - the hive module, which has no analogues, includes two walls fastened vertically by the lower edges parallel to each other on one common base so that frames can be installed between the walls perpendicular to the hinges in the folds located on the inner side of the upper edges of the two walls. Preferably, the walls of the hive module are made with hand sinks, with openings for letlets and feeders. The width of the module is preferably a multiple of the width of the hive frame, and the distance between the walls is equal to the length of the hive frames without shoulders, increased, for example, by 15 mm.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

in FIG. 1 shows a hive module with a ceiling board;

in FIG. 2 - hive module with a hive frame and ceiling board, side view;

in FIG. 3 - modular beehive with horizontal expansion of the nest with one modular housing, front view;

in FIG. 4 - nucleus modular beehive with partitions between the modules, front view;

in FIG. 5 - modular beehive with horizontal expansion of the nest with an additional modular housing, front view;

in FIG. 6 - a modular beehive with horizontal expansion of the nest with an additional modular housing, side view;

in FIG. 7 - modular beehive with vertical expansion of the nest with single-module housings, front view;

in FIG. 8 - modular beehive with vertical expansion of the nest with two-module housings, front view;

in FIG. 9 - module for the formation and transportation of bee packages.

The modular beehive comprises a bottom 1, a housing 2, a roof 3, where at least one made a modular housing 2, including two removable side walls 4 and at least one module 5 enclosed between the side walls, is installed vertically on a removable bottom 1; walls 6, fixed vertically by lower edges 7 parallel parallel to each other, on one common base 8 so that between the walls of the module perpendicular to them it would be possible to install frames hive 9 with shoulders 10 in the folds 11 located on the inner side of the upper edges 12 of the two walls 6 of the module 5.

Preferably, the walls 6 of the modules 5 are made with sinks 13 for the hands, with holes 14, 15 for letlets and feeders.

The modules 5 are preferably made with a width a multiple of the width of, for example, the frame of the hive 9.

Preferably, the distance between the two walls 6 of the module 5 is equal to the length of the frames of the hives 9 without shoulders 10, increased, for example, by 15 mm

Preferably, a sealing gasket 16 is installed at the junctions of the side walls 4 of the modular housing 2 and the modules 5 and at the junctions of the modules, and the side walls of the modular housing with the modules and modules are fastened to each other using, for example, an elastic coupler 17 or a clip fastener eighteen.

Depending on the technological process and season, a roof hood 19 is installed between the roof 3 and the modular building 2.

Preferably, the detachable bottom 1 is provided with an electric heater chamber 20, over which a metal sheet 21 for dissipating heat is mounted.

Preferably, the detachable bottom 1 is provided with openings 14 for notches and with viewing windows 22.

The module 5 is preferably mounted on top of the ceiling board 23.

The hive module includes two walls 6 fixed vertically by the lower edges 7 parallel parallel to each other on one common base 8 so that between the walls perpendicular to them it would be possible to install frames of the hive 9 with shoulders 10 in the folds 11 located on the inner side of the upper edges 12 two walls 6. The walls of the hive module are made with hand sinks 13, with holes for letlets and feeders. The width a of the hive module is preferably a multiple of the width of the hive frame, and the distance between the walls is equal to the length from the frames of the hives without shoulders, increased, for example, by 15 mm.

The modular hive and the hive module work as follows.

The modular beehive is based on the beehive module (Fig. 1, 2), and when the bees are kept in the modular beehives, the frames are stored, delivered to the apiary and back to the place where honey is pumped out, the beekeeper works without frame inspection only with the modules. For the convenience of servicing beehives, preferably, the module is made up of 4-6 beehive frames.

The maintenance and maintenance of bee colonies in modular hives completely depends on the climatic zone and the chosen variant of the hive, which are countless.

If a modular beehive of vertical expansion is used (Fig. 7, 8), then five or more modular housings 2, usually containing from one to three modules, are installed on the detachable bottom 1. Such a hive takes up little space and is served by the principle of a multi-hive hive with modular buildings 2 or modules 5. The modular hive of vertical expansion for areas with sharply continental climate, as well as for northern areas, is preferably operated with frames with hives with a height of 230 mm or less, and in areas with moderate and even climate can be operated with a higher hive frame.

More universal is the modular hive of horizontal expansion of the nest (Fig. 3-6), which can be operated in any climatic conditions and in beekeeping farms of different directions. It can be effectively used in beekeeping farms and in apiaries such as, for example, a nucleus hive (Fig. 4) by installing a continuous dividing wall 24 between the modules, where the hive module, after forming a package of bees with a fetal uterus, closes on the sides, top and from the bottom, for example, with plywood (Fig. 9) and sent to the apiary, where to transfer the bee package to the modular hive, you only need to remove the plywood from the sides, above and below the module, and install the module with the package of bees in the modular hive.

Considering the choice of the uterus for the scarlet site closer to the notch, where there is more fresh air, the location of the uterus in the hive can be controlled by opening and closing the available ones, as a rule, on each module and (or) under each module on the detachable bottom of the letches in the hive and thereby control the processes occurring in the hive, without gross interference in the life of the bees and prepare brood-free modules with honey frames for pumping honey without contact with the bees.

Working with horizontal modular beehives (Fig. 3-6) differs from working with sunbeds and sunbeds with the exception of time-consuming frame inspection of bee colonies and ease of use. The beekeeper works only with modules and at any time of the season has access to any part of the nest and, if necessary, can rearrange the modules using continuous dividing walls to avoid leakage of warm air from the nest and overcooling of the brood.

Modular horizontal extension hives with at least four modules when using standard nest hive frames to a height of 300 mm should preferably be provided with additional modular hull frames with hive frames to a height of 145 mm for the duration of the main strong honey collection.

In a horizontal five-module hive with four to five-frame modules, next to the main family, which occupies two modules, the nucleus formed in the second half of summer can winter through a blank partition from the main family. If you begin to build up the strength of the bee colony in early spring, using stimulating top dressing through hole 15 on the wall 6 of module 5 and electric heating of hive 20, 21 (Fig. 3, 5) and then combine the nucleus with the main family, then by the beginning of flowering of spring honey plants a strong family will turn out, able to collect spring merchandise honey for those rare warm summer days, which the beekeepers do not spoil at this time.

Strong families for both early spring honey collection and the entire beekeeping season can be obtained in modular hives with horizontal expansion of the nest with two-uterine keeping of bee colonies throughout the year, where two uterus are separated from each other by at least one module, closed on both sides by separation gratings 25, allowing bees to move from one nest to another and through which the uterus cannot pass. Bee colonies with such a paired content consume little feed during wintering and even the loss of one of the queens does not affect the quality of wintering, develop quickly in the spring, maintain high efficiency throughout the season and are less susceptible to disease.

Reference designations:

1. The front wall of the module.

2. A hole for mounting a universal feeder.

3. Sink for hands.

4. Scrap latch.

5. Letok.

6. The frame.

7. The back wall of the module.

8. The side wall.

9. The removable bottom.

10. Metal sheet for heat dissipation.

11. Electric heater.

12. Awning.

13. The roof.

14. The hive frame.

15. Ceiling board.

16. Modular socket housing.

17. Elastic screed.

18. Modular store case.

19. The folds on the front and rear walls (figure 4).

20. Gasket.

21. The inspection hatch.

22. Plywood, fiberboard, etc.

23. Blind partition wall.

24. Separation grille.

Claims (18)

1. A modular beehive comprising a bottom, a housing, a roof, characterized in that at least one made modular housing is installed vertically on a detachable bottom, comprising two removable side walls and at least one module comprising two walls enclosed between the side walls fixed vertically by the lower edges parallel to each other on one common base in such a way that between the walls of the module perpendicular to them it would be possible to install frames with bee hanger in the folds, located data on the inside of the upper edges of the two walls of the module. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the walls of the modules are made with hand sinks. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the walls of the modules are made with holes for letlets. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls of the modules are made with holes for feeders. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the modules are made with a width that is a multiple of the width, for example, of a hive frame. 6. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the distance between the two walls of the module is equal to the length of the frames of the hives without shoulders, increased, for example, by 15 mm 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a sealing gasket is installed at the interface between the side walls of the modular housing and the modules and at the interface between the modules. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the side walls of the modular housing with the modules and the modules are fastened to each other by means of, for example, an elastic screed or, for example, a clip fastener. 9. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that between the roof and the modular housing is installed a roof liner. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the detachable bottom is made with a camera for, for example, an electric heater, over which a metal sheet is installed. 11. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the detachable bottom is made with notches and with viewing windows. 12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, for example, a ceiling board is mounted on the module from above. 13. The hive module, characterized in that it includes two walls fastened vertically by the lower edges parallel to each other on one common base so that between the walls perpendicular to them it is possible to install frames with the hive hanger in the folds located on the inner side of the upper edges two walls. 14. The device according to p. 13, characterized in that the walls are made with hand sinks. 15. The device according to p. 13, characterized in that the walls are made with holes for tap holes. 16. The device according to p. 13, characterized in that the walls are made with holes for feeders. 17. The device according to p. 13, characterized in that it is made with a width that is a multiple of the width, for example, of the hive frame. 18. The device according to p. 13, characterized in that the distance between the walls is equal to the length of the frames of the hives without shoulders, increased, for example, by 15 mm

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