RU2554450C2 - Opener for uniform broadband sowing seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery industry, in particular to tools for sowing. The opener for uniform broadband sowing seeds comprises an active spreader, double-wing wedge scraper bar, covering devices, a compacting roller. The spreader is made in the form of a double-slope perforated plate and is placed over the soil surface under the drill tube. The spreader is driven to oscillating motion from the compacting roller shaft through the chain drive by a crank mechanism. The covering devices are made in the form of two ploughs with a screw mouldboard and mounted at an adjustable angle counter-motion and in front of the compacting roller.

EFFECT: constructive solution is aimed at excluding jamming the diffusing sheet, increase in the uniformity of sowing.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular for sowing seeds of agricultural crops.

There are many options for sowing coulters for intrasoil spread sowing, equipped with passive wedge-shaped diffusers of various shapes. In particular, such a coulter is described in an article by A. A. Nogtev. “Opener for inside the spreading of soil” (journal "Agriculture", No. 4, 1998, p.31).

Shoulder coulters with a passive diffuser work satisfactorily in flat areas with loose well-treated soil at normal humidity. In areas with a slope of more than 4 °, the uniformity of the distribution of seeds is violated due to the shift of seeds towards the slope. In addition, due to the limitation of the flight range of the seeds in the conditions of the subloe space, such coulters have an insignificant dispersion width.

The closest analogue of the proposed device is the opener of the sowing machine with a pendulum-type diffuser, containing a hollow seed tube with a furrow-forming paw, equipped with a scattering plate placed under the paw (RF patent No. 2195101, A01C7 / 20).

The disadvantage of this prototype is that the diffuser plate has a limited sector of vibrations and therefore does not provide the required sowing width. The gap between the gable arch of the paw and the plate is small. When root and plant residues, soil lumps fall into this gap, the oscillatory movement of the scattering plate is interrupted, the sowing process is disturbed.

In this regard, the claimed invention is aimed at solving the following technical problems:

- removal of the scattering device from under the paw and placing it freely above the surface of the soil;

- increase the size and area of the scattering plate and make it in the form of a perforated (trellised) gable plate;

- offer a reliable drive into the oscillatory motion of the scattering plate;

- to offer a separate device for the formation of a flat-bottomed bed and seeding of seeds laid on this bed.

These technical results are achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the prototype (patent No. 2195101), the diffuser is not placed under the paw, but above the soil surface under the seed tube and is made in the form of a gable perforated (trellised) plate and is driven into oscillatory motion from the roller shaft through a chain transmission by crank mechanism that does not have a spiral return spring. In this case, the seeds are sealed with zagotagami, displacing the rolls formed by the double-winged bed forger on a flat bed, and made in the form of two plows with a screw dump.

This embodiment of the proposed device eliminates the main disadvantage of the sowing apparatus - jamming of the scattering plate, placed under the arch of the closing legs. With the free placement of the plate, we are able to widely vary its size, configuration, shape, give the plate an additional function - the preliminary distribution of seeds on the plate. Moreover, the uniform distribution of seeds is provided by the necessary step of placing holes on the surface of the plate and by changing the angle of the ramp. Separate seeding, in which at first an even flat-bottomed bed is formed, bounded at the edges by soil rollers, and then these rollers are moved by plow-like earthing with an even layer to the middle of the bed, seeding the seeds, has the prospect of further development and improvement. With separate seed placement it is convenient to visually observe the process of distribution and seed placement.

In Fig.1 shows a diagram of the opener for uniform broadband sowing of seeds, side view; figure 2 is the same, a top view.

The diffuser is made in the form of a gable perforated (trellised) plate 1 and is placed above the soil surface under the vas deferens 2.

The plate 1 is fixed at the end of the slider 3 square or rectangular section. The slider 3 moves along the guide 4. The second end of the slider 3 is pivotally connected to the connecting rod 5. The connecting rod 5 is pivotally connected to the crank 6 mounted on the end of the roller 7. At the second end of the roller 7 mounted on two bearings mounted in the housing 8, there is an asterisk 9 , driven by a chain from an asterisk 10, mounted on the end of a roller 11 mounted on bearings 12 on the coulter leashes 13. The roller 14 is rigidly fixed to the roller 11.

A two-winged wedge-shaped bed forger is mounted on the front end of the leads 13 and consists of two flat knives 15 placed in a horizontal plane at an angle smaller than the angle of friction of the plant residues on the knife blade. To the trailing edge of the knives 15, rectangular taps 16 are welded at right angles. Soil bends 16 are connected with the stand 17, inserted by a loose fit into the guide tube 18. The stand 17 is fixed in the tube 18 with a locking bolt 20.

Zagortachi made in the form of two plows 21 with screw dumpers, set at an adjustable angle against movement, less than the angle of friction of the soil against the dump. The plows 21 are suspended from the leads 13 in front of the roller 14 using a stand 22 and a tube 23, a locking bolt 24. Moreover, the tube 23 is mounted with the possibility of adjusting its position along the leads 13.

The opener is as follows. First of all, the coulter is installed on ordinary grain or vegetable seeders of serial production. With the translational movement of the seeder, the rotational movement of the roller 14 through the chain, the crank mechanism is transmitted to the slider 3, at the end of which a gable perforated (trellised) plate 1 is fixed. With oscillatory (reciprocating) movement of the gable plate 1, seeds continuously falling through the seed tube 2 , under the action of gravity inertial forces fall into the holes of the pitched surface, then are discharged along a certain path to a flat bed. At the same time, the following factors affect the uniformity of seed distribution:

- the oscillation frequency of the plate 1;

- the amplitude of the oscillations of the plate 1;

- the size and shape of the holes;

- arrangement of holes in the plate 1;

- the angle of inclination of the pitched surface to the horizon.

All factors are adjustable. With a certain value of them, you can get the desired uniform distribution of seeds on the bed.

A flat bottom of the bed is formed with the translational movement of the knives 15. The soil layer cut by the knives 15 is dissected by the soil-releasing plates 16 and is shifted to the side, forming a continuous roll. Seeds laid on the bed formed are sealed with a zagorotech and a skating rink. The plow-like form of earthing provides uniform displacement of the soil from the rolls and seeding of seeds with a thin layer of soil. The compacting roller 14 provides reliable contact of seeds with soil particles.

Since the scattering plate 1 is placed in the free zone, it is convenient to visually observe the process of seed distribution on the surface of the bed and, if necessary, make adjustments.

The main advantages of the proposed device:

- When placing the scattering plate in the free zone between the bed forger and the shortener, the main drawback of the previous devices is eliminated - jamming of the scattering plate under the closing foot.

- Since the double-slope scattering plate is made of thin steel sheet, it is easy to change the angle of inclination of the ramps and thereby regulate the process of seed distribution.

- By replacing a narrow scattering plate with a wide gable perforated (trellis) device that makes oscillatory movements, it becomes possible to increase the value of the coefficient of uniformity of seed sowing.

- The proposed separate method of seeding provides a predetermined seeding depth, reliable coating of seeds with a soil layer and tight contact of seeds with soil.

The economic efficiency of the device follows from the above advantages.

Claims (2)

1. The opener for uniform broadband sowing of seeds, containing an active diffuser, a bed forger, zagortachi, a packer roller, characterized in that the diffuser is made in the form of a gable perforated plate, is placed above the soil surface under the seed tube and is driven in oscillatory motion from the packer roller shaft through a chain drive by means of a crank mechanism. 2. The coulter according to claim 1, characterized in that the seeds are laid at a given depth on a flat flat bed formed by a double-winged wedge-shaped bed-forger, while the seeds are sealed with zagortachami, displacing the rolls formed by the bed-forger, on a flat bed, the zagorta made in the form of two plows with screw dumper and set at an adjustable angle against movement in front of the press roller.

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