RU2551159C1 - Method of increasing milk productivity of cattle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method consists in adding to the basic diet of animals of energy additive. The energy additive is fed as coniferous energy additive in the ratio of 1:5 to the basic diet in an amount of 20 g/head/day.

EFFECT: increase in milk productivity of cattle.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in livestock.

The productivity of animals depends not only on the amount of hay, haylage, silage, concentrates, etc. they consume, but also on the degree to which the animal's needs for energy, organic, minerals and vitamins are satisfied.

For the productive healthy development of animals, a whole set of biologically active substances is required daily, including vitamins, carotenoids, chlorophyll, etc.

Balancing rations can be achieved not only through the introduction of scarce components, but also with the help of feed additives that increase the efficiency of feed absorption. Such biologically active preparations provide a more complete extraction of nutrients from existing feeds, normalize the digestive system and, thus, ensure the physiological needs of the body at minimum cost for feed.

The milk production of cows varies significantly during lactation. After calving, the daily milk yield increases and reaches a maximum in the second or third month, and then gradually decreases. The nature of the lactation curve depends on the individual characteristics of the animal, feeding conditions and content [Katmakov, P. Lactation curves depending on the level of feeding of heifers // Dairy and beef cattle breeding. - 1991. - No. 3. - p.12-14. (1)].

As a rule, at the beginning of lactation, cows often have a significant energy deficit, which can lead to serious metabolic disturbances. This is due to the fact that milk yield increases faster than energy comes from the feed. The cow begins to use its own reserves and in the first 80-110 days after calving, it can lose 10-12% of live weight [Savchenko, S. Organization of full feeding of cows / S. Savchenko, D. Drozhzhachikh, P. Savchenko // Dairy and beef cattle breeding. - 2006. - No. 2. - p.22-24. (2)].

The first 100 days after calving should be used for milking cows. Under the dough, we understand the implementation of a number of measures aimed at increasing the milk productivity of cows and first-calf heifers, these activities include: organizing proper feeding, using proper milking, creating good living conditions [Norms and diets for feeding farm animals. Reference manual. 3rd edition revised and expanded. / Ed. A.P. Kalashnikova, V.I. Fisinina, V.V. Shcheglova, N.I. Kleimenova. - Moscow. 2003 .-- 456 p. A.P. Kalashnikov, 2003 (3)].

In the transit period (20 days before calving and 20 days after), special attention is paid not only to cicatricial digestion and liver function, but also to monitor the state of the immune system. The body's immune reactivity during the hotel period is very limited. In this case, an animal blood test shows a decrease in vitamins A, E, β-carotene. A special cottage feed with a high content of vitamins A, E, β-carotene is able to compensate for this deficiency. Such substances include processed products of coniferous herbs. Woody greens (needles, leaves) are rich in essential oils (terpene hydrocarbons), carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophils), green pigments (“a” and “b” chlorophyll), vitamins (provitamin A, vitamins E, K, D, F), volatile and other biologically active substances.

The main technique for increasing productivity after calving is to advance nutrients and energy to increase milk yield.

In practice, concentrates are often used as the main source of energy increase in the diet. However, in this case, the concentration of fiber in the rumen becomes lower than the permissible one, which results in a change in the normal ratio of acetic, nropionic, and butyric acids to an increase in the proportions of the last two. In turn, when animals consume a large amount of protein, energy costs increase, since 5450 Kcal of energy is used per 1 kg of nitrogen excreted in the urine in the form of urea. There is a vicious circle: they try to satisfy the high nutrient demand of highly productive cows by feeding an increased amount of concentrated feed, and this leads to additional energy costs, its deficiency and the development of ketosis.

The introduction into the diet of a cow after calving of power engineers, sources of “protected” proteins and fats, makes it possible to receive additionally up to 4 liters of milk per day in the first period of lactation. In the first month or two after calving, the cows must be fed a special diet with a net energy concentration of at least 7.0 MJ per 1 kg of SV diet, but with a protein restriction of 6%. During this period, it is appropriate to feed protected fats, glycerin [Ivanov, A. 20-0-20. Optimum balance in cow feeding. "Transit" period. The path of perfection // Pricer, - 2010. - No. 10. - p.31-32. (four)].

Currently, there are foreign and domestic drugs on the market that contribute to increasing energy in the diet. The active ingredients in these products are mainly polyhydric alcohols (glycerin, propylene glycol).

The principle of action of these drugs is based on maintaining and increasing the level of glucose in the blood of lactating animals and, accordingly, reducing the energy deficit, which prevents the development of ketosis, leads to an increase in milk yield, the content of fat and protein in milk, and prevents weight loss. Moreover, in the domestic market, the basis for energy supplements is most often propylene glycol, while in Europe glycerol is successfully used.

Known vitamin supplement containing vitamins A, D, E, trace elements and bran as a filler [Premixes for repair bangs. Compound feed, feed additives and milk replacer for animals // Reference, M., VO Agropromizdat, 1990, p.64 (5)]. The use of bran as a filler leads to the instability of the additive, which is prone to caking.

It is also known that now water extracts are obtained from woody greens that increase the body's resistance to various diseases [RF Application No. 93006909/4, A61K 35/78, 04.02.93 (6)]. The disadvantage of this product is the complexity of production, since effective extraction of water-soluble substances requires a long process, distillation of the solvent from the extract, which leads to an increase in energy consumption.

The closest analogue is the product "Premix to feed for farm animals" [RF Patent No. 24568, A23K 1/16, A23L 1/03, 08/24/2010 (7)]. This premix for farm animals contains dihydroquercetin and an excipient selected from the group comprising propylene glycol, glycerin, tween, in the following ratio, wt.%: Dihydroquercetin - 10-90%; filler - 90-10%.

The ratio of components varies over a wide range, which negatively affects the objective assessment of the effectiveness of the product "Premix to feed for farm animals" on the physiological state of the body. The disadvantage of this additive is its multicomponent, multi-stage and high cost of the process.

The raw material for the production of the additive “Premix to feed for farm animals” is digndroquercetin. Dihydroquercetin is a flavonond obtained from Siberian larch wood, which has a limited localization of production, which is essential for the European part of Russia, unlike the raw materials declared by us of the common green pine, which is ubiquitous. In addition, the raw material for the additive we declared is not expensive wood, but waste from wood processing, that is, woody greens. Also, the production of dihydroquercetin involves extraction with an organic solvent, separation and filtration, in addition, the need for separation of the extracts leads to an extended production cycle (1-2 days), a low degree of purification, since there is no promising technology for this production; production is low environmental due to emissions of organic solvents into the atmosphere.

“Premix to feed for farm animals” has an insufficiently pronounced therapeutic and prophylactic effect, since there is a significant imbalance in the introduction of biologically active substances in the regulation of inflammatory processes, metabolism and energy in the body. Despite the complex biochemical composition, the product cannot affect the optimization of energy metabolism, and this leads to loss of animal productivity.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The problem to which this invention is directed is to use in animal husbandry coniferous-energy supplements (HED) produced by STC Himinvest LLC (Nizhny Novgorod) [8] in a ratio of 1: 5 in an amount of 20 g / head / day to increase milk production productivity of farm animals.

The proposed HED has a number of significant advantages: it enriches diets with macro- and microelements, increases the efficiency of the use of nutrients of feeds with a high level of energy and protein, optimizes the function of the gastrointestinal tract, prevents the development of ketosis, leads to an increase in milk yield, fat and protein content in milk, prevents weight loss in lactating polyastric animals.

Example 1. In 2013, a scientific experiment was conducted under the conditions of a pilot farm of the Agrarian Institute of the Mordovian State University named after P.P. Ogareva. " The aim of the work was to obtain scientific data on the use of coniferous-energy supplements produced by the Scientific and Technical Center Himinvest LLC (Nizhny Novgorod) in feeding dairy cows.

The object of the study was cows of the second or third lactation. 4 groups of animals were formed (control and 3 experimental), 5 animals each. The formation of the troupes was carried out according to the principle of analogues, taking into account the origin, live weight, physiological state and age.

Feeding of animals was carried out according to the detailed norms of feeding of farm animals developed by A.P. Kalashnikov, N.I. Kleimenov et al. (2003).

In the experiment, the cows of the control group received the economic ration of the experimental group — the economic ration together with the EDI in the ratio of 1: 3; 2 experimental groups - an economic diet together with HED in a ratio of 1: 5; animals of the 3 experimental group received the main diet and EDI in a ratio of 1: 7 in an amount of 20 g / goal / day.

The test duration is a week before the predicted calving day and the first 70 days of lactation.

Cow productivity in the first 80 days of lactation is shown in the table.

Table Cow Productivity Indicators Groups control 1 experienced 2 experienced 3 experienced Dry matter consumption, kg 14.2 4.7 15.3 15.0 Milk yield, kg 35.7 36.1 38,2 37.7 The fat content in milk,% 3.6 3,5 3.9 3.8

As can be seen from the production indicators shown in the table, the most effective was the addition of the component composition - 1: 5 in the amount of 20 g / goal / day, fed to the experimental group No. 2. The diet, enriched with coniferous energy feed supplement, contributes to an increase in milk production of cows during milking by 7-10%.

As a result of our studies of the peripheral blood of the experimental and control groups of cows, an increase in the hemoglobin level in the blood of experimental animals was established, which was a consequence of the activation of the metabolic processes of the body. The additive in the studied doses did not adversely affect the morphological and biochemical composition of the blood of animals, it stimulated the hematopoiesis process: the number of red blood cells in the experimental groups increased by 1.1-3%, hemoglobin by 11-17%. Feeding the additive contributed to a decrease in urea by an average of 18.2%, indicating a positive effect of the additive on liver function. The general morphological composition of the blood is within the physiological norm.

Technical appraisal and economic advantages of the proposed method are to reduce the influence of adverse factors of nutritional origin on animals. Thus, the method of increasing the milk productivity of cattle, which consists in the use of coniferous-energy supplements to the diet in a ratio of 1: 5 in the amount of 20 g / goal / knot, significantly increases the milk yield of cows.

Sources of information accepted during the examination

1. Katmakov P. Lactation curves depending on the level of feeding of heifers // Dairy and beef cattle breeding. - 1991. - No. 3. - p. 12-14.

2. Savchenko S. Organization of high-grade feeding of cows / S. Savchenko, D. Drozhzhachikh, P. Savchenko // Dairy and beef cattle breeding. - 2006. - No. 2. - p.22-24.

3. Norms and rations for feeding farm animals. Reference manual. 3rd edition revised and expanded. / Ed. A.P. Kalashnikova, V.I. Fisinina, V.V. Shcheglova, N.I. Kleimenova. - Moscow. 2003 .-- 456 p.

4. Ivanov, A. 20-0-20. Optimum balance in cow feeding. "Transit" period. A bunch of perfection // Pricer, - 2010. - No. 10. - p.31-32.

5. Premixes for repair heifers. Compound feed, feed additives and milk replacer for animals // Reference, M., VO Agropromizdat, 1990, p.64

6. RF application No. 93006909/14, A61K 35/78, 02/04/93.

7. RF patent No. 2456811, A23K 1/16, A23L 1/03, 08.24.2010.

8. Coniferous energy supplement. Specifications 9759-011 42400357-13. Introduced for the first time. 2013 year

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the milk productivity of cattle, including the addition of an energy supplement to the animal’s diet, characterized in that the animals are fed, in addition to the main diet, a coniferous energy supplement in a ratio of 1: 5 in an amount of 20 g / head / day.