RU2430368C1 - Method of diet estimation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: stool consistency and urine acidity are determined. Stool type is estimated by Bristol scale. Diet is administered. When stool type 5 or 6 by Bristol scale and alkaline urine reaction are achieved, conclusion about sufficient content of dietary fibres in diet is made.

EFFECT: method makes it possible to establish individual need in dietary fibres.

1 dwg

Description

This invention relates to medicine, namely to dietetics, and can be used in the preparation of a diet for obesity, as well as other pathological conditions (metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus), in the pathogenesis of which excess body weight is significant.

Dietary fiber (PV) is a group of polysaccharides that are not digested by digestive enzymes and are not absorbed by the body. PV include fiber, hemicellulose, pectins, and a number of other non-starch polysaccharides. The main source of PV is plant foods - vegetables, fruits, crops. Products of animal origin do not contain PV.

Although a person does not directly absorb PV, they are not ballast and useless, since they are essential in the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and the prevention of many diseases. The biological effect of PV is explained by their specific physicochemical properties: gel formation, water absorption, matrix formation, adsorption, etc. In particular, PV create a feeling of fullness and fullness of the stomach, play a paramount role in the formation of feces, and regulate due to irritation of the intestinal mechanoreceptors his motor skills. Deficiency of PV in nutrition leads to a weakening of intestinal motility and constipation, plays a role in the development of diverticulosis and intestinal polyposis, intestinal obstruction, appendicitis, hemorrhoids. Accelerating intestinal motility and adsorbing various compounds, PV contribute to the elimination of foreign substances from the body, including carcinogens and toxins. Adsorption and elimination of cholesterol have a lipid-lowering effect and are essential in the prevention of atherosclerosis. The ability of PV to slow down the absorption of glucose in the small intestine allows you to control the level of glycemia.

The above properties of PV make them especially useful and indispensable in the nutrition of obese patients. Food containing a sufficient amount of PV is usually low in calories. In the stomach, PV absorb water, swell, several times increasing its volume. Stretching the walls of the stomach helps to create a feeling of fullness, a decrease in appetite, and prevents overeating. The metabolic effects of PV contribute to the normalization of impaired lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, which is often associated with overweight. Thus, a diet containing a sufficient amount of PV is one of the main factors in the treatment of obesity, which, due to the high prevalence (about 30% of the working age population in Russia) and severe medical and social consequences, has become one of the most pressing problems of modern society.

The physiological significance of PV determines the need for their dosing and justification of an adequate level of consumption. In dietetics, it is customary to express the need for nutrients, including PV, in grams per day (g / day). A similar dosage of PV in the diet was chosen by us as a prototype. It should be noted that the recommended intake rates of PV in different literary sources differ: 25–35 g / day [1], 25–40 g / day [2], and no less than 30–40 g / day [3]. According to certain indications (diabetes mellitus, overweight), an increase in PV intake up to 60 g / day is allowed or recommended [4].

However, no matter what value is accepted as the norm of PV intake, a similar approach to assessing the sufficient PV content in the diet, in our opinion, remains formal and inappropriate for everyday diet therapy of a particular patient for the following reasons:

1) Determine the amount of PV in grams consumed with a particular finished dish, you can only approximately; in addition, the content of PV in the initial products (vegetables, fruits, cereals and grains) can vary significantly depending on the variety, maturity, duration and storage conditions, cooking characteristics.

2) At the same time, such important factors as age, gender, complexion, lifestyle, individual, national and seasonal specifics of nutrition, individual characteristics of metabolic processes and motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract, the presence of concomitant diseases and their risk factors are not taken into account.

It seems to us that from a practical point of view, the method of dosing PV is not justified, which consists not in observing the standard standard, but based on an assessment of the effect they have.

The aim of the proposed method is the selection of such a content of PV in the diet of patients, which would be individually necessary to fully realize their therapeutic effect.

This goal is achieved by determining the consistency of feces and acidity of the urine, when the fifth or sixth type of feces is reached according to the Bristol scale and the alkaline reaction of urine against the background of the applied diet, it is concluded that the PV is sufficient in it.

The theoretical prerequisites of the proposed method are:

1) The most important role of PV in the formation of feces and regulation of intestinal motility, which together provides a certain consistency of feces and regularity of stool.

2) The ability of vegetables (the main source of PV), with their sufficient amount in the diet, to create an alkaline urine reaction.

The drawing shows various types of feces in accordance with the Bristol scale. Type 1 - hard lumps resembling nuts, type 2 - sausage consisting of lumps, type 3 - sausage with a cracked surface, type 4 - sausage or snake, type 5 - soft balls with clear borders, type 6 - soft lumps with uneven borders Type 7 - watery stools.

Our proposed method is as follows. Against the background of a certain diet, the patient evaluates the consistency of feces in accordance with the Bristol scale and determines the acidity of urine in any way (the most affordable - using standard test strips that change color depending on the pH of the medium). If the consistency of feces corresponds to the fifth or sixth type according to the Bristol scale, and the urine reaction is alkaline, a sufficient content of PV in the diet is noted. If the stool consistency corresponds to the first four types, and the urine reaction is acidic or neutral, they conclude that there is a lack of PV in the diet, which serves as the basis for saturating the diet with foods rich in PV, or adding PV to food in an isolated form.

Information sources

1. Dietetics: Handbook, 2nd ed. / Ed. A.Yu. Baranovsky. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2006 .-- P.521.

2. General nutrition: Uch. allowance / A.N. Martynchik, I.V. Maev, O.O.Yanushkevich.- M .: MEDpress-inform, 2005.- P.60.

3. Handbook of Dietetics: / Ed. V.A. Tutelyan, M.A. Samsonova. - M: Medicine, 2002. - P.37.

4. Sharafetdinov Kh.Kh., Plotnikova O.A., Zykina V.V., Alekseeva R.I. The modern strategy of clinical nutrition for type 2 diabetes mellitus // Nutrition issues. - 2008. - T.77, No. 2. - S. 23-31.

Claims (1)

A method of evaluating the diet, including the identification of a sufficient content of dietary fiber, characterized in that the type of feces is determined according to the Bristol scale and the acidity of urine, and when the fifth or sixth type of feces and alkaline reaction of urine are achieved against the background of the applied diet, a conclusion is made about the sufficient content of dietary fiber.

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