RU2415544C2 - Combined chisel-shaped ploughshare "valve-knife" - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to passive working elements of agricultural machines and may be used for sowing. Structure comprises disk ploughshare with seed tube and fertiliser tube and two chisel-shaped hoes. Hoes are fixed with the help of plates to leashes and are arranged symmetrically in vertical and horizontal planes. Distance from axis of disc ploughshare to the right and left chisel-shaped hoe makes 0.075 m. Such arrangement of hoes provides for local application of fertilisers in the form of vertically arranged tapes with distance between them, equal to 0.15 m, and arrangement of tapes aside and below seeds. Fertiliser tube of each chisel-shaped hoe has a skew cut and is equipped with valve-knife fixed in lower part.

EFFECT: invention will make it possible to provide for matching of pre-sowing cultivation, sowing and application of fertilisers, aiding in provision of bursting sprouts due to oriented arrangement of fertilisers relative to root system of plants.

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Description

The invention relates to passive working bodies of agricultural machines and can be used to increase the operational capabilities of sowing units (complexes). The goal is to improve the process of applying mineral fertilizers with the development of combined machines that ensure the combination of pre-sowing cultivation, sowing and fertilizing.

A known method of sowing seeds and fertilizing, including the formation of parallel grooves, laying seeds and fertilizers in them, followed by covering them with a soil layer, characterized in that the grooves are performed with a varying row spacing, and laying separately formed pulsating flows of seeds and fertilizers in them are carried out alternating in stripes [RU 2103858 C1, A01C 7/00, 02/10/1998. The method of sowing seeds and fertilizing]. However, this method does not provide a simultaneous supply of seeds and fertilizers with their laying at different levels.

A combined unit for tillage and sowing is known, including a milling drum mounted sequentially on the frame, made with alternating disks of equal size in pairs, a coulter for sowing seeds, a coulter for sowing fertilizers, coilers and a roller, while a coulter for sowing fertilizers is installed along the trail of a larger milling disk diameter, and the opener for sowing seeds is installed on the trail of the milling disk of a smaller diameter [SU 1083945 A1, A01B 49/06, 04/07/1984. Combined unit for tillage and sowing]. However, this unit requires high energy costs for the operation of the milling discs, while the shape of the groove may be disturbed, in addition, it does not provide precise seed sowing and at the same time feed a portion of fertilizer below the seed level.

Known seeder containing two or more hoppers for seeds and fertilizers with sowing devices located in the lower part in the form of hollow rotating drums with radial cells made in the form of a truncated cone, the size of which depends on the size of the sown seeds, the type and amount of fertilizer applied. The cells on the drums are arranged in such a way that when they are connected together, isosceles triangles are formed on the reamer of the drums. Inside the rotating drums is a fixed tube of the pneumatic system with holes in the lower part. The sowing drums carry out synchronous rotation during sowing to ensure that seeds and fertilizers enter the same furrow location. The synchronous rotation of the drums is ensured by their kinematic connection with the seeder wheel and depends on the path and speed of the seeder. The distance between the longitudinal axes of the drums is a multiple of the circumference of the drum of a smaller diameter [RU 2154368 C2, AC 7/04, 02/02/1993. Seeder]. The disadvantage of this seeder is that fertilizers and seeds are placed in the same furrow, which negatively affects the yield of crops.

A known method of applying mineral fertilizers to the soil in the form of an inclined screen and a coulter of a special design for its implementation (Fig. 4.1a), which can be mounted on a stubble seeder SZS-2,1 or on a cultivator instead of fertilizer knives, is proposed. The coulter includes a stand with a pipeline and a coulter mounted on it in the form of a flat-slot nozzle with an oblique cut. The essence of the new technology for applying mineral fertilizers is that inclined slots are cut in the arable soil layer at an angle of 30-45 ° to the field surface to place fertilizers in them with a wide strip of 19-22 cm at a depth of 5 to 16 cm (A.S. No. 1034637, A01C 7/00, 1983). However, the method of introduction, as well as the technical means for its implementation, have several disadvantages:

a) lack of effectiveness of the method of forming a screen of fertilizers;

b) large lateral loads on the knife rack;

c) high traction resistance of the working body;

d) the ability of the unit to perform only one operation.

A known method of combined fertilizing and sowing seeds, which is the closest to the invention, including the simultaneous execution at different levels of compacted beds and separate distribution of fertilizers and seeds on them with their subsequent seeding, characterized in that the seeds are distributed according to the chessboard in a checkerboard pattern, and around them they perform different sizes, but of a similar sinusoidal shape, groove grooves into which fertilizers are fed with varying levels of concentration [RU 2109432 C1, A01C 7/00, A01C 21/00, 04/27/1998. Method of fertilizing and sowing seeds]. However, this method is difficult to implement and requires a complex device for its implementation.

The objective of the invention is the improvement of the process of local application of mineral fertilizers, taking into account the biophysical factor when sowing cereals by fertilizing in the form of a vertical narrow tape located to the side and below the seeds, depending on the state of the soil.

To solve this problem, a device has been developed that allows sowing of grain crops with the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers, consisting of two chisel-shaped paws for fertilizing, attached with the help of plates to the leads of the disk coulter for sowing seeds.

Figure 1 presents the scheme of the combined coulter attached to the transverse beam 1 of the seeder, side view and top; figure 2 - chisel paw combined fertilizer coulter, side view and front.

Chisel paws (Fig. 1) are attached using metal plates to the leads 2 of the disk coulter 5 of the front row of the seeder symmetrically relative to each other in vertical and horizontal planes with a distance from the axis of the coulter to the right and left chisel paws of 0.075 m, which ensures local fertilizer application in the form of vertically arranged tapes with an interval of 0.15 m. In the lower part, the cross-sectional plane of the rectangular ductwork 8 of the chisel-like paws is made at a small angle relative to the bottom of the furrow. To prevent clogging of the oblique cut-out of the pipelines with soil, at the moment the coulter is deepened, a knife valve 10 is fixed in its lower part, forming a groove for placing fertilizers in the form of a vertical narrow tape 7 depending on the dose of fertilizers. The groove is formed in relatively loose soil.

Chisel-shaped paws (figure 2) consist of a rack 3, a bit 11 of rectangular cross section, a duct 8 and a valve-knife 10, swinging on the axis 9, located at the bottom of the front of the duct 8.

The combined coulter works as follows: with the sowing devices of the seeder, mineral fertilizers and seeds are fed into the fertilizer and seed tubes. The tuks moved along the pipelines enter the chisel-like paws and, at the exit from them, fertilizers are fixed with soil, forming a tape with a width of 0.015-0.02 m. Seeds 6, moved along the seed tubes 4, go to the disk coulters. The layout of fertilizers in the soil relative to the seeds in the horizontal and vertical planes is presented in figure 1.

The proposed device provides improved quality of sowing and digestibility of mineral fertilizers by plants. Local application of mineral fertilizers, oriented in the above manner relative to the root system, provides an increase in yield. Intrasoil fertilizer incorporation prevents leaching. The use of the proposed device provides an increase in the yield of grain crops.

Claims (1)

Combined opener, including a disk opener with a seed tube and a duct, characterized in that it has two chisel paws fixed with plates to the leashes and arranged symmetrically in the vertical and horizontal planes, and the distance from the axis of the coulter to the right and left chisel paws is 0.075 m to ensure local fertilizer application in the form of vertically arranged tapes with a distance between them equal to 0.15 m, and the placement of tapes to the side and below the seeds, while the piping of each lotoobraznoy paw and has oblique recess is provided in the fixed bottom of the valve-knife.

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