RU2295847C2 - Method for application of mineral fertilizers simultaneously with root crop seed sowing process and apparatus for performing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural production.

SUBSTANCE: method involves forming furrow; applying fertilizers and seeds; closing furrow with soil and compacting; forming seed sowing channel in furrow; providing point application of mineral fertilizers and seeds with soil interlayer therebetween; placing each portion of fertilizer and seeds in single vertical plane perpendicular to direction of advancement; placing seeds at a level higher by 70-100 mm than fertilizers and with lateral offset of 30-70 mm thereto. Apparatus has frame carrying tillage tool formed as moldboard, disks for point application of mineral fertilizers and seeds, fertilizer and seed hoppers positioned above disks, and is further provided with covering device and roller, which are mounted behind disks. Mineral fertilizer and seeds application disks are spaced apart from one another by a distance of 30-70 mm. Diameter of mineral fertilizer disk is greater than that of seed sowing disk by 150-200 mm. Apparatus has soil compaction device mounted in plane of seed sowing disk, forward thereof. Mineral fertilizer application disk is equipped with circumferentially arranged cells having devices for mechanical ejection of mineral fertilizers from cells. Each cell consists of flexible U-shaped metal plate attached with its one end to cell wall so that other end thereof projects beyond edge of opposite wall of cell, and projection provided on inner wall of housing which covers disk.

EFFECT: improved quality of seed sowing and fertilizer application and increased efficiency due to providing simultaneous seed sowing and fertilizer application processes.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural production and agricultural machinery and can be used for sowing row crops with the simultaneous application of fertilizers.

A known method of combined fertilization and seeds of row crops, including the formation of a comb soil profile, laying on top of the crests of seeds, seeding them under the mulch layer and fertilizing on the side surfaces of the profile to the left and right of the row to a different depth, starting 10-20 mm lower seed [RU 2219695 C2, A 01 C 7/00, A 01 B 79/02, 12/27/2003. A method of tillage, sowing of grain crops with fertilizers and a device for its implementation]. However, this method does not provide an accurate and uniform distribution of fertilizers, with this method it is possible to roll seeds from the soil ridge, which affects the quality of sowing.

A known method of combined fertilizing and sowing seeds, including the simultaneous implementation of compacted beds at different levels and separate distribution of fertilizers and seeds on them with their subsequent seeding, characterized in that seeds are distributed on seed beds in a checkerboard pattern, and around them they are made of different sizes, but of a similar sinusoidal shape, fat grooves into which fertilizers are fed with a concentration varying in level [RU 2109432 C1, A 01 C 7/00, A 01 C 21/00, 04/27/1998. Method of fertilizing and sowing seeds]. However, this method is difficult to implement and requires a complex device for its implementation.

A known method of sowing seeds and fertilizing, including the formation of parallel grooves, laying seeds and fertilizers in them, followed by covering them with a soil layer, characterized in that the grooves are performed with a varying row spacing, and laying separately formed pulsating flows of seeds and fertilizers in them are carried out alternating in stripes [RU 2103858 C1, A 01 C 7/00, 02/10/1998. The method of sowing seeds and fertilizing]. However, this method does not provide a simultaneous supply of seeds and fertilizers with their laying at different levels.

Known combination seeder, including fertilizer and seed tubes, twin coulters - left and right - for fertilizing, an anchor coulter for seeds, a spiral roller with leashes and a mechanism for adjusting the depth of the erosion relief [RU 2219695 C2, A 01 C 7/00, A 01 B 79/02, 12/27/2003. A method of tillage, sowing of grain crops with fertilizers and a device for its implementation]. The proposed device does not provide synchronized point seeding of seeds and fertilizers, which negatively affects the yield of crops.

A combined unit for tillage and sowing is known, including a milling drum mounted sequentially on the frame, made with alternating disks of equal size in pairs, a coulter for sowing seeds, a coulter for sowing fertilizers, coilers and a roller, while a coulter for sowing fertilizers is installed along the trail of a larger milling disk diameter, and the coulter for sowing seeds is installed on the trail of the milling disk of a smaller diameter [SU 1083945 A1, A 01 B 49/06, 04/07/1984. Combined unit for tillage and sowing]. However, this unit requires high energy costs for the operation of the milling discs, while the shape of the groove may be violated, in addition, it does not provide for precision seed sowing and at the same time feed a portion of fertilizer below the seed level.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of sowing by the point-by-point application of mineral fertilizers and seeds in one vertical plane located perpendicular to the direction of movement, with fertilizers spread deeper than the seeds with a layer of soil between them.

At the same time, the negative effect of a high concentration of mineral fertilizers on germinating seeds is eliminated even when high doses of fertilizers are applied.

To solve this problem, a method has been developed for sowing seeds of row crops simultaneously with the application of mineral fertilizers and a device for its implementation, including a frame with support wheels, a tillage working body in the form of a blade, discs for spot fertilizer and seed application, a fertilizer and seed hopper, a compactor, zagortach and skating rink for rolling soil.

The developed method includes the formation of a furrow, the application of fertilizers and seeds, backfilling of the furrow with soil and compaction. According to this method, a groove is formed in the furrow wall for sowing seeds, and mineral fertilizers and seeds are applied pointwise with a layer of soil between them, with each portion of fertilizers and seeds placed in one vertical plane perpendicular to the direction of movement, with the seeds placed 70- above the fertilizers 100 mm and offset to the side by 30-70 mm.

The developed device (Fig. 1) includes a tillage working body mounted on a frame with support wheels (not shown) in the form of a blade 1. Behind a tillage working body in the form of a blade there are discs planted on one shaft for spot application of mineral fertilizers and seeds located at a distance 30-70 mm from each other, and the diameter of the disk 2 sowing mineral fertilizers is larger than the diameter of the disk 3 sowing seeds by 150-200 mm (Fig. 2 shows a section A-A). The hoppers 4 for fertilizers and seeds are located above the sowing discs. Before the disk sowing seeds, and in its plane mounted seal 5, designed to form a groove in the wall of the furrow. Behind the discs for fertilizing and seeds mounted zagortach 6. After zagortacha located roller 7.

The disk, intended for making mineral fertilizers, is provided around the circumference with cells with devices for mechanically pushing mineral fertilizers out of the cells. This device (Fig. 3) consists of flexible U-shaped metal plates 8, one end attached to the cell wall so that the other end extends beyond the edge of the opposite cell wall, and a protrusion 9 on the inner wall of the casing 10 covering the disk.

The proposed device operates as follows.

Tillage working body in the form of a blade 1 make a V-shaped furrow in the soil. The disc 2 installed directly behind it provides the point-to-point application of mineral fertilizers. This disk works as follows: when combining an empty cell and an opening in the casing, a portion of mineral fertilizer from the hopper falls onto a U-shaped plate 8. When the disk is turned, the protruding end of the plate interacts with the protrusion 9, as a result of which the plate bends and leaves with the portion of the mineral fertilizer deep into the cell. With further rotation of the disk, the cell coincides with the hole in the lower part of the casing 10, the plate takes its initial position and pushes a portion of mineral fertilizer to the bottom of the furrow.

The seal 5, offset from the disk 2 to the side by 30-50 mm and placed above the bottom of the furrow by 70-100 mm, forms a groove in the wall of the furrow. Seeds are sown in the groove formed by the sealant disc 3. Disc 3, sowing seeds, is installed coaxially with disc 2, sowing mineral fertilizers. The step of sowing seeds coincides with the step of sowing portions of mineral fertilizers. Zagortach 6 closes the furrow behind the seed discs. The roller 7, located after zagrotachka, compacts the soil in the area of sown seeds and fertilizers.

The proposed method and device provide improved productivity and quality of sowing. At the same time, the best absorption of fertilizers by plants is achieved. Local fertilizer application, oriented in this way relative to the root system, provides yield increase by increasing the utilization rate of mineral fertilizers. The protective layer of soil allows you to make large doses of fertilizer without harming the seeds. Deep incorporation of fertilizers prevents their washing out. The application of the proposed method and device provides an increase in crop yields.

Information sources

1. RU 2219695 C2, A 01 C 7/00, A 01 B 79/02, 12/27/2003. A method of processing the soil, sowing crops with fertilizers and a device for its implementation. Bespamyatnova N.M., Taranin V.I., Bosenko N.S.

2. RU 2109432 C1, A 01 C 7/00, A 01 C 21/00, 04/27/1998. The method of fertilizing and sowing seeds. Belokon A.P.

3. RU 2103858 C1, A 01 C 7/00, 02/10/1998. The method of sowing seeds and fertilizing. Belokon A.P., Levitsky Yu.A.

4. SU 1083945 A1, A 01 B 49/06, 04/07/1984. Combined unit for tillage and sowing. Kartamyshev N.I., Gureev I.I., Fedorchenko A.E.

Claims (3)

1. The method of applying mineral fertilizers simultaneously with sowing the seeds of row crops, including the formation of a furrow, the introduction of fertilizers and seeds, backfilling of the furrow with soil and compaction, characterized in that a groove for sowing the seeds is formed in the wall of the furrow, and mineral fertilizers and seeds are applied pointwise with an interlayer soil between them, and each portion of fertilizers and seeds is placed in one vertical plane perpendicular to the direction of movement, while seeds are placed above fertilizers by 70-100 mm and offset to the side by 30-70 mm . 2. A device for applying mineral fertilizers at the same time as sowing the seeds of row crops, containing a tillage working body mounted on the frame in the form of a blade, discs for spot application of mineral fertilizers and seeds located behind it, bunkers for fertilizers and seeds placed above the discs mounted behind the discs and a roller, characterized in that the disks for applying mineral fertilizers and seeds are located on the same shaft at a distance of 30-70 mm from each other, and the diameter of the disk for applying fertilizers is larger the diameter of the disk for sowing seeds by 150-200 mm, while the device is equipped with a soil compactor mounted in the plane of the disk for seeds and in front of it. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the disk for applying mineral fertilizers is provided around the circumference with cells with devices for mechanically pushing mineral fertilizers out of the cells, consisting of flexible U-shaped metal plates, one end attached to the cell wall such so that the other end extends beyond the edge of the opposite wall of the cell, and the protrusion on the inner wall of the casing covering the disk.

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