RU2410863C2 - Shredder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building, in particular, to shredders used to remove tops of potatoes, beets and other tuberous roots. Shredder comprises automatic coupling for working and transport position, horizontal shaft mounted under protective jacket. Shredding elements for removal of tops are fixed on shaft, and connecting link of each shredding element is rigidly fixed. Shredding elements in the form of knives shaped as isosceles trapezoid are rigidly fixed at the ends of each chain. Plane of knife is perpendicular to axis of chain, and smaller base is directed along with shaft rotation.

EFFECT: improved operational reliability.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to botvodrobateli used for harvesting tops of potatoes, beets and other root crops.

Harvesting root crops is carried out with the preliminary removal of tops. The corresponding devices are made in the form of separate independent machines or mounted as separate nodes on the frame of combines in front of undermining working bodies. Known, for example, chain crushers having a vertical shaft with a horizontal disk, on the outside of which calibrated chains are fixed [1].

Disadvantages of a vertical-topping shredder: a relatively low percentage of tops (50-60%), especially when chopping down tops, as well as clogging of the crushing apparatus when crushing developed green tops. In addition, the horizontal arrangement of the chains during operation of the machine does not correspond to the transverse profile of the beds, which does not provide the ability to capture dead tops in the aisles.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is a botvodrobitel containing a horizontal shaft mounted under the protective casing, on which the botvobrobivy elements are attached to remove the tops. Moreover, the connecting link of each botvodrobayuschego element is rigidly fixed to the shaft [2].

The disadvantages of the known botvodrobitel: design complexity, low operational reliability due to wear and tear of the botvodrobnyh elements, as well as due to damage to the working bodies from their collision with stones and other solid objects.

The objective of the invention is to provide a simple bot forks with improved performance properties.

The invention consists in the following. Botvodrobyashchy elements are made of sleeve-roller chains. Botvodrobitel contains automatic couplings for the working and transport position, a horizontal shaft mounted under the protective casing, on which the botvodrobny elements are attached to remove the tops, and the connecting link of each element is rigidly fixed to the shaft. At the ends of each chain, botswet elements in the form of knives having the shape of an isosceles trapezoid are rigidly attached. Moreover, the knife plane is perpendicular to the axis of the chain, and the smaller base is directed in the direction of rotation of the shaft. This increases the efficiency of the crushing process of dead tops due to the creation of an air flow of lifting force. In addition, the botvodrobitel contains an additional automatic coupler for the working position, placed with the possibility of hanging it on the tractor hitch from the side. This allows the tractor to move along the harvested part of the field and eliminates the impact of the tractor wheels on the tops. Botvodrobny elements are fixed on the shaft through 90 ° with the formation of a helical line. This reduces the required number of working bodies and provides a dynamic balance. In total, this allows you to create a simple botrobitel with improved operational properties: reliability, cleaning quality, cost-effectiveness and ergonomics.

In figure 1, 2, 3, 4 shows the Botrobod: figure 1 is a side view; figure 2 is a front view (view A); figure 3 - botvodrobny element in the whole; figure 4 - diagram of the surface scan of the working part of the shaft with brackets placed on it for mounting chains. Botvodrobitel consists of a horizontal shaft 5, to which by means of welded brackets 8 located along a helical line through 90 °, and fixing fingers 18 are attached sleeve-roller chains 7. At the ends of these chains segments 6 with two cutting edges are rigidly fixed (in FIG. 3 shown by arrows). Chains 7 can be made of the same length, if the topper is designed to remove the tops on smooth plantings of root crops. For ridge landings - chains 7 are located along the length of the shaft 5 in alternating order corresponding to the transverse profile of the beds (figure 2). Above the shaft 5 with chains 7, a protective casing 3 is installed. In addition, the Botrobot is equipped with automatic couplings 4 and 13, rigidly attached to the frame 15, as well as supporting wheels 2 (Figs. 1, 2) and the drive mechanism of the shaft 5, consisting of a gearbox 14, cardan 12, pulleys 11 and 17, bearings 10, belts 16. The rotation of the shaft 5 is carried out against the working stroke of the botvobrobitel.

In the working position, the Botrobot is connected to the tractor hitch mechanism using an automatic coupler 13, in the transport position - by means of an automatic coupler 4. The Botrobot is driven from the tractor power take-off shaft.

Botvodrobitel works as follows. With its translational movement along the beds of potatoes or other root crops, the shaft 5 rotates against the working stroke of the machine and chains 7 rotate with it. When the chain 7 is rotated under the action of centrifugal force, they are set to the working position — they are located in a plane transverse to the axis of the shaft 5 (Fig. 1 , 2). In this case, the chains 7 copy the profile of the beds and crush the tops, discarding it on the harvested field. When in contact with stones and other solid objects, chains 7 "damp" - they are compressed or deviated from a given working position, and then restored again under the action of centrifugal force. The height of the cut of the tops is regulated by the support wheels 2 of the botvobrobitel by moving the fork 9 inside the rack 1 (Fig.1, 2).

Information sources

1. Petrov G.D. Potato harvesting machines. 2nd ed., Revised. and add. M: Mechanical Engineering, 1984, p. 59.

2. Patent RU 2021662, A01D 23/02, 30.10.94 - prototype.

Claims (3)

1. Botvodrobitel containing automatic coupler for the working and transport position, mounted under the protective casing of a horizontal shaft, on which the botvodrobnye elements are attached to remove the tops, and the connecting link of each botvodrobnogo element is rigidly fixed to the shaft, characterized in that at the ends of each chain are botvodrobnye elements in the form of knives having the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, the plane of the knife being perpendicular to the axis of the chain, and the smaller base directed towards the rotation of the shaft. 2. Botvodrobitel according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an additional automatic coupler for the working position, placed with the possibility of hanging the botvodrobatel on the tractor linkage from the side. 3. Botvodrobitel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the botvodrobodnye elements are mounted on the shaft through 90 ° with the formation of a helical line.

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