RU2402694C1 - Two-shaft multi-stage radial-flow special-purpose machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: proposed machine comprises housing 1, intake and discharge branch pipes 10-13, two parallel shafts 2, 3 with adjacent rotor stages 4-7 and intercommunicated by diffuser channels 9 with their outlets making inlets of adjacent stages, and common drive for said shafts 2, 3. Rotors stages 4-7 of said shafts 2, 3 are made from porous plate 8 an plate valve 14 fitted on shaft 2 or 3 to move there along by means of, for example mechanical or magnetic control device. Valves 14 open inlet into diffuser channel 9 of the next stage varying flow direction of pumped fluid to opposite one without cutout o the motor. Hollow shafts 2, 3 can feed sorbent via radial holes into porous plates 8.

EFFECT: multifunction machine to be used as pump or compressor, wet gas cleaner, heat exchanger, heat regenerator, higher efficiency and simple design.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of pump engineering, gas purification technology, heat transfer technology and can be used in various technological processes.

Known two-shaft multistage centrifugal pump for pumping oil, containing an engine, two parallel shafts on which impellers are mounted, forming stages with bends in the form of curved diffusers (RU 2278301 C1, 06/20/2006). In the expanded part of the diffusers, holes are made for draining the liquid to the impeller of the next stage.

The disadvantages of this device is the large mass and dimensions, as well as the ability to pump fluid in only one direction.

Closest to the invention is a two-shaft multistage centrifugal machine comprising a housing, inlet and outlet nozzles, two shafts arranged parallel to each other with adjacent rotor steps mounted with the possibility of partial overlapping of their end surfaces and communicating with each other by diffuser channels, the exit of which corresponds to the entrance to an adjacent step, and a drive common to two shafts (US 4025225 A, 05.24.1977). The known machine is a disk pump or compressor of a two-shaft multi-stage design with curved diffuser channels around the impellers, which are a package of flat perforated disks spaced from each other. The medium is pumped from stage to stage through an opening in the expanded part of the diffuser.

The disadvantages of the known machines are relatively low productivity, design complexity and the ability to pump the medium in only one direction.

The objective of the invention is to provide a multifunctional machine for use as a pump or compressor, a wet gas purifier, a heat exchanger and a heat regenerator, increasing the efficiency of the machine and simplifying the design.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a two-shaft multistage centrifugal machine of multifunctional use, comprising a housing, inlet and outlet pipes, two shafts arranged parallel to each other with adjacent rotor steps installed with the possibility of partial overlapping of their end surfaces and communicating with each other by diffuser channels, exit which corresponds to the entrance to an adjacent step, and a drive common to two shafts, according to the invention, the rotor steps of each shaft are made h permeable porous disk and poppet valve mounted on the shaft with the possibility of forced movement along the shaft using a mechanical or magnetic control device that opens the entrance to the diffuser of the next stage, while changing the flow direction of the pumped medium to the opposite without stopping the engine, and the shafts themselves are hollow with the possibility of feeding the sorbent through radial holes in porous disks

The proposed machine is made with the possibility of multi-purpose and provides the transfer of gaseous and / or liquid media with a combination of cleaning, heat and mass transfer between the media. This result is achieved due to the fact that permeable porous disks with a number of unique properties are used as impellers in a two-shaft multistage machine: during rotation, the disk sucks the environment with end surfaces and throws it out from cylindrical surfaces, and in the presence of enclosing side surfaces around the disk, various configurations of medium flows in the near- and intra-disk space. In addition, the comprehensive permeability of porous discs, their large surface area, high heat and mass transfer characteristics determine their multifunctional use, especially in combination with poppet valves installed with the ability to open and close the entrance to the diffuser of the next stage, allows you to change the flow direction pumped fluid to the opposite without stopping the engine.

Figure 1 shows a General view of a two-shaft 4-speed centrifugal machine for multi-purpose (in section); figure 2 is a top view.

A two-shaft multistage multifunctional centrifugal machine has a housing 1, in which two hollow shafts 2 and 3 are placed parallel to each other with adjacent rotary steps 4-7, each containing permeable porous disks 8 and diffuser channels 9 communicating with each other, as well as input 10, 11 and weekend 12, 13 pipes. Steps 4-7 of each shaft 2, 3 are separated from each other by the bottom of the housing 1. The hollow shafts 2, 3 at the junctions with the porous disks 8 have radial openings for supplying, if necessary, a liquid or gas medium to the body of the porous disk 8. Diffuser the channels 9 of each preceding stage have an extension towards the disks 8 of the subsequent adjacent stage. Due to the bilateral permeability of porous disks 8, the flow direction of the pumped medium is determined by the position on the shaft 2, 3 of each stage 4-7 poppet valves 14, moved by pushers 15 mounted on the rod 16, which moves up and down forcibly by a mechanical or electromagnetic device. The machine has a common motor drive (not shown) for the two shafts 2, 3.

Two-shaft multistage centrifugal machine multifunctional works as follows.

1. As a pump (pumped medium - liquid) or compressor (pumped medium - gas), the machine operates as follows. At the upper position of the poppet valves 14 (shaded in the drawing), the simultaneous rotation of the shafts 2 and 3 with porous disks 8 from the drive creates a vacuum inside the steps 4-7 of the machine, as a result, the pumped medium passes through the annular gap between the wall of the inlet pipe 10 and the poppet valve 14 ( shown by an arrow), hits the end surface of the right upper disk 8 of stage 4, passes through its body in the radial direction, is ejected from the periphery of the disk 8 into the diffuser channel 9, then it falls into rhny left drive 8 of the second stage is 5, then the process is repeated similarly for the 3rd and 4th stages until the medium does not leave the right outlet 12 (the path of motion of the medium is shown by the solid line arrow). The pumping of the medium in the opposite direction is carried out by moving the rod 16 down (without stopping and changing the direction of rotation of the shafts 2, 3), which causes a change in the position of the poppet valves 14 to the bottom (shown without hatching in figure 1). In this case, the medium enters the lower left inlet pipe 11 and leaves the machine steps in the upper left output pipe 13. The frequency of the change in the direction of pumping of the medium is determined by the frequency of change in the position of the valves and the need, for example, to regenerate heat when burning fuels or to improve the quality of cleaning the medium, and its repeated passing through all steps in the opposite direction.

2. As a wet gas purifier, the machine operates as follows. The contaminated gas is supplied to the inlet pipe 10, a liquid sorbent is continuously fed into the cavity of the shafts 2 and 3, which then flows through the openings in the shafts 2, 3 to the central sections of the porous disks 8, under the action of centrifugal forces, the fluid moves radially in the body of the porous disks 8 where, when interacting with the gas to be cleaned, absorption of the removed impurities by a liquid sorbent occurs. Then, the resulting two-phase medium is ejected from the peripheral surface of the disks 8 into the corresponding channels 9, on the walls of which the mixture is separated: the sorbent, with absorbed impurities, draining from the walls, is collected at the bottom of the channel 9 and evacuated through drain holes (not shown in the diagram), and The purified gas enters the next stages, where it is further treated in a similar way. Multistage sequential gas purification by continuously supplied fresh sorbent to each stage of a 4-7 machine allows you to get rid of many difficult to remove impurities and significantly improve the quality of gas purification from gaseous and aerosol impurities.

3. As a heat exchanger, the machine operates as follows. Heat exchange between two media, for example, heat transfer of liquid combustion products, will be carried out according to the same scheme as for wet gas cleaning: by simultaneously supplying combustion products to the inlet pipe 10 and liquid into the hollow shafts 2 and 3. Moreover, if the liquid is capable of absorbing (enter into chemical reactions) impurities contained in the products of combustion, the machine can perform two functions simultaneously: a heat exchanger and a gas purifier.

4. As a heat regenerator, the machine operates as follows. For example, the combustion of fuel with recovery is carried out by suction of the combustion products into the inlet pipe 10, which, when passing through the stages 4-7 of the machine, give off heat to the porous disks 8, after which by switching the poppet valves 14 through another inlet pipe 11, air is sucked in, passing through stages 4-7 of the machine in the opposite direction (to the combustion products), takes heat accumulated in the porous disks 8, and heated air is supplied to the combustion device (not shown in the drawing), which significantly creases the efficiency of fuel combustion.

Thanks to the use of permeable porous disks as impellers with the possibility of reversing the direction of pumping media and the multi-stage design, its effective and multifunctional application in a number of technological problems with relatively small dimensions and simplicity of design is provided.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the economy and efficiency in multifunctional multi-stage application as a pump, compressor, gas purifier, heat exchanger and heat regenerator with a relatively small size of the machine.

Claims (1)

A two-shaft multistage multifunctional centrifugal machine comprising a housing, inlet and outlet nozzles, two shafts arranged parallel to each other with adjacent rotor steps installed with the possibility of partial overlapping of their end surfaces and communicating with each other by diffuser channels, the output of which corresponds to the entrance to the adjacent stage and a common drive for two shafts, characterized in that the rotary steps of each shaft are made of a permeable porous disk and disk o a valve mounted on the shaft with the possibility of forced movement along the shaft using a mechanical or magnetic control device that opens the entrance to the next stage diffuser, changing the direction of the flow of the pumped medium to the opposite without stopping the engine, and the shafts themselves are hollow with the possibility of feeding the sorbent through radial holes in porous discs.

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