RU2000489C1 - Apparatus for cleaning oil of hydraulic systems - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in hydraulic technology, in particular in systems for cleaning hydraulic oil. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: the device comprises a vacuum chamber, a six-cavity pump, the two extreme cavities of which are in communication with the vacuum chamber, the upper cavities adjacent to the extreme ones with the drive pump, the middle cavities with the pipeline for draining oil from the vacuum chamber. The heater is made in the form of a heat exchanger and is installed in the oil supply line. Discs with a gap between each other are horizontally mounted in the vacuum chamber. The device is equipped with a tap, a condensing device and a filter. 1 ill. 1 tab

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, in particular to devices for cleaning oil of hydraulic hydraulic systems. The proposed device can be used to service the hydraulic systems of mobile machines, hydraulic equipment used in various fields of technology, as well as for cleaning industrial, turbine and electrical insulating oils.

The PSM 1-3000 installation and its modifications are widely known, designed to clean water and solids from electrical insulating oils. These units are also used at service stations for hydraulic systems of mobile equipment. Purification of oil from contaminants using this unit is carried out by the centrifugal method, as well as using heating and further evacuation of the oil, which allows it to be effectively used for

purification of oil from mechanical impurities and free water. However, its use for the purification of oils from emulsified and dissolved water is not effective (see P. I. Shashkin and I. V. Bry. Regeneration of used petroleum oils. M .: Khimi, 1970).

Especially for cleaning oils from water, devices are used that contain a heater mounted on a vacuum chamber and nozzles that supply oil to a vacuum chamber mounted on the end walls of the chamber (see I.V. Bry. Transformer oil regeneration.-M: Transport, 1972).

These plants are most effective for cleaning oils from dissolved and emulsified water and dissolved air. They are intended for the purification of electrical insulating oils and use the method of dehydration and degassing of oil by spraying it in a vacuum at a temperature of 60 ° C. Energy

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the costs of these plants are three to four times lower than when using centrifugal treatment. But their efficiency and productivity are significantly reduced when refining oils with a significant content of free and emulsified water.

Known centrifugal oil cleaners containing a housing and a rotor with nozzles (see ed. St. USSR No. 659168, 1979, ed. St. USSR No. 301162 USSR, 1969, ed. St. USSR No. 258272, 1967).

These devices are used with great effect to clean the oil of hydraulic systems of mobile equipment from free water and especially mechanical impurities, but they are not intended to clean the oil from emulsified and dissolved water.

The closest technical solution to the claimed is a device for cleaning the working fluid, comprising a vacuum chamber with a cylindrical drum with a hydraulic drive mounted on it, a six-cavity piston pump, the two extreme cavities of which are connected through check valves to a vacuum chamber a pump connected through a distributor with cavities of a sixth cavity pump, the distributor being connected by an input hydraulic line to the upper part of the vacuum chamber, the hydraulic drive being the rabana is made in the form of a hydraulic motor, the shaft of which is connected to the lower part of the drum shaft, the system is equipped with a hydraulic accumulator and a heater, sequentially installed on the input hydraulic line, the input hydraulic line in the vacuum chamber is made in the form of a nozzle, the vacuum chamber is made with two communicating cavities, the drum is made with cutting on the inner surface, its outer upper and lower end parts are equipped with impellers, and the inner end surfaces of the extreme cavities of the six-cavity pump Nena conical and provided with elastic gaskets cavity adjacent to the extreme, connected to reversible distributor, and the average cavity shestipolostnogo pump connected to the hydraulic line E retraction of the vacuum chamber (see. author St. USSR N 1663251, class F 15 B 21/04, 1988).

A disadvantage of the device for cleaning hydraulic oil is the low efficiency of oil purification from water, due to the need to pump out water vapor, as well as the absorption of particles of atomized oil along with air and water vapor with an increase in productivity

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of oil purification from water. This goal is achieved in that a device for cleaning hydraulic oil,

containing a vacuum chamber, a six-cavity piston pump, the two extreme cavities of which are connected through check valves to the vacuum chamber, the cavities adjacent to the extreme are connected to the reversing distributor, and the middle cavities of the six-cavity pump are connected to the oil discharge pipelines of the vacuum chamber, the internal end the surfaces of the extreme cavities of a six-cavity pump are conical and have elastic gaskets, a drive pump connected through a reversible distributor with cavities of a six-cavity pump sucker and heater mounted on

0 pipeline oil supply, equipped with disks installed in a vacuum chamber, composed with a gap between each other, a crane installed on the oil supply pipe, a condensing device installed on the water vapor discharge pipe, and a filter installed on the oil drain pipe, and the heater is made in the form of a heat exchanger.

0 Suggested cleaning device

hydraulic oil differs from the prototype in that it is equipped with disks installed in a vacuum chamber, composed with a gap between each other, a tap installed on the oil supply pipe, a condensing device installed on the water vapor removal pipe, and a filter mounted on oil drain pipe, and the heater is made in the form of a heat exchanger.

A number of large capacity plants are known in which the purification of oils from mechanical impurities is carried out by filtration, and the purification of water and air

5 is carried out, as a rule, in vacuum dehydrators - dish-shaped apparatuses, which ensure the removal of water without coke formation and local overheating due to the creation of a thin film of oil

0 on plates at a temperature of 70 ° C. For example, an automated installation for the purification of used industrial oils developed at NIITavtoprom (see Automotive industry, N 6,

5 1989). An installation of Aquanetics Jnc. Is effective, in which oil enters the system from the tank through a coarse filter, heat exchanger, ultrafine filter, then water, gases and other volatile impurities are separated in a vacuum column with a special nozzle, and emulsions are destroyed. The low process temperature ensures the restoration of oil quality without decomposition and removal of additives. A much more advanced system is the Pall mobile HVAC unit, in which the contaminated oil enters the filter, from where it is pumped into a vacuum separator filled with a special nozzle. Stacking down, the oil forms a thin layer with a large surface on the nozzle. A counterflow of dry air by means of a vacuum pump helps to remove water and gas bubbles from the oil. The disadvantage of such devices is their significant size (see A. Yu. Evdokimov and I. G. Fuchs. Use of used lubricants in capitalist countries. - M.: TSNIITEIMS. Issue 17, 1989)

The use of disks in the device of the invention is necessary, first of all, to increase the residence time of the oil being cleaned of water and air in the vacuum chamber and to obtain the largest possible surface area of this oil without increasing the size of the vacuum chamber itself. This, in turn, allows the purification of oils with a significant content of water, volatile impurities and air, providing the necessary quality of purification and performance.

The use of a condensing device located on the water and air vapor removal pipeline is necessary for condensing water vapor, volatile impurities and collecting the resulting condensate, which will prevent water vapor from entering the extreme cavities of the six-cavity pump and reduce the intensity of this pump even with a very significant water content and volatile impurities in the oil, which enters the vacuum chamber for cleaning.

The use of a valve located on the pipeline for supplying contaminated oil to a vacuum chamber allows controlling the productivity of the device depending on the degree of contamination of this oil with water and light hydrocarbon fractions.

The use of a heat exchanger instead of a heater will allow the use of a mixture of heat of heated oil that has been cleaned in a vacuum chamber.

The drawing shows a diagram of the device.

The device contains a vacuum chamber 1. inside of which discs 2 with a hole in the center and with bent edges and discs 3 of a vacuum 5 are alternately installed with a gap, and chamber 5 is connected to the cavity 4 and the cavities A and B of the six-cavity pump 5, which is horizontally and has three pistons b on one rod 7. oil discharge pipe 8 - s

0 with cavities D and E, and with the inlet pipe 9 with a hydraulic tank 10. the inlet pipe 9 passes through the heat exchanger 11 and is equipped with a valve 12, the water vapor exhaust pipe 4 passes through a condensing device 13, and the oil discharge pipe 8 passes through a filter 14 and heat exchanger 11. The inner end surfaces of the walls of the six-cavity pump 5 are made conical, and on the end

On the surfaces of the extreme pistons 6, elastic gaskets 15 are located. In addition, the device has pipelines 16 and 17, a pump 18. a distributor 19. a throttle 20, hydraulic tanks 21 and 22 and check valves 23,

5 The device operates as follows

When opening the throttle 20, the pump 18 delivers the working fluid from the tank 21 through the pipe 16 through the distributor 19 in

0 cavity B of the six-cavity pump 5, as a result of which the piston 6, moving to the extreme left position, creates a cavity B in the chamber 1 with a vacuum connected to it by a pipe 4. Simultaneously from the cavity G along

5 to line 17, the working fluid is displaced in tank 21, and from cavity A to the atmosphere through line 4, the air is displaced. In this case, the elastic gaskets 15 mounted on the end surface of the extreme pistons

0 b pump 5. contribute to the most complete displacement of air when compressing them from the edges to the center

In the extreme left position of the piston 6 is reversed with

5 of the distributor 19 and the working fluid from the pump 18 enters the cavity G, the piston 6 moves to the extreme right position, displaces the working fluid from the cavity B into the tank 21 through the pipe 17,

0 displaces the dehydrated oil from the cavity E through the pipe 8 through the heat exchanger 11 and the filter 14 into the tank 22, pumps out the air released in the vacuum chamber 1 by the cavity A through the pipe 4 and displaces

5 air from cavity B to the atmosphere. When the cavities A and B of the six-cavity pump 5 are operated, a reduced pressure is created in the vacuum chamber 1, and therefore, when the koan 12 is opened, the contaminated oil 10 under the influence of atmospheric pressure begins to flow through pipeline 9 through the heat exchanger 11 to the upper part of the vacuum chamber 1 onto the alternately arranged disks 2 and 3. In this case, the oil, the stack in the center of the disk 3, spreads with a thin film to its edges and flows from them to the edges of the disk 2 and then flows into the central hole of this disk, after which it flows back to the center rasp of the disk 3 below. Thus, the draining oil forms a thin film on all disks 2 and 3, which creates favorable conditions for the evaporation of water from the surface of this film and the release of air. Then the oil purified from water and air, flowing into the lower part of the vacuum chamber 1, is pumped out by the cavities D and E of the six-cavity pump 5 through the pipe 8 and is supplied through the heat exchanger 11 to the filter 14, which ensures the cleaning of the oil from mechanical impurities, and then to the tank 22 .

In a condensing device 13 located on a conduit 4 through which air and water vapor are vented, cooling, condensation and accumulation of water vapor occur.

A heat exchanger 11 is needed to heat the oil before it is fed into the vacuum chamber 1 and to take part of the heat of the oil after degassing and dehydration.

Check valves 23 open the corresponding piping during each cycle. The throttle 20 is designed to control the speed of the piston 6. After a certain number of cycles, a low vacuum is created in the vacuum chamber 1, which removes mixed and dissolved air and mixed, emulsified and dissolved water from the oil. The functions of the pump 18 can be realized by connecting the proposed device by a pipeline 16 to the drain line of a hydraulic system, for example, an excavator.

The design of the proposed device, which determines its performance, is calculated taking into account the field of application of the composition and the amount of pollution in the oils intended for cleaning, as well as according to the requirements for the quality of cleaning.

The table shows the comparative characteristics of the efficiency of cleaning oil contaminated with water, depending on the performance for the device, taken as a prototype, and the proposed device for cleaning oil hydraulic systems with the same dimensions of the vacuum chamber.

The proposed device in comparison with the previously known allows to increase the cleaning efficiency compared with the prototype in terms of pollution of water. The effectiveness of water purification is achieved, firstly, through the use of disks installed in a vacuum chamber, which allow to increase the residence time of oil contaminated with water in

areas of reduced pressure and to ensure the minimum thickness of the oil film during evacuation, and secondly, by using a condensing device that accelerates the removal of water vapor from the vacuum chamber without increasing the intensity of the six-cavity pump. In addition, the proposed device eliminates the likelihood of the removal of particles of the purified oil along with

evacuated air and water vapor.

Using a heat exchanger in the proposed device will reduce the energy consumption for heating the purified oil.

In the proposed device, in fact

contact of contaminated oil with hydraulic equipment is excluded, which significantly reduces its wear.

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Claims (1)

The claims A device for cleaning hydraulic oil containing a vacuum chamber, a six-cavity piston pump, two extreme the cavities of which are connected via non-return valves to the vacuum chamber, the cavities adjacent to the extreme ones are connected through a reversible distributor to the drive pump, and the middle cavities of the six-cavity pump are connected to the oil drain pipe from the vacuum chamber, the inner end surfaces of the extreme cavities of the six-cavity pump being conical and have elastic gaskets and a heater installed in the oil supply line, characterized in that. in order to increase the efficiency of oil purification from water, it is equipped with disks installed horizontally in a vacuum chamber with a gap between each other, a valve installed in the oil supply pipe between the entrance to the vacuum chamber and a heater, a condensing device installed in the pipeline exhaust water vapor, and a filter installed in the pipeline drain oil, and the heater is made in the form of a heat exchanger AND H 12.9 h x d / At 6 A-2j AND V