RU2499861C1 - Device for heating of point switch - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: device for heating of a point switch comprises a receiver of a thermal tube, the condensation zone of which is placed in soil at the depth exceeding the depth of its freezing in winter period. The thermal tube heater is arranged in the space between sleepers at the level of the ballast layer base and is connected with the condensation zone by means of a system of valves. Some valves are made and adjusted with the possibility to supply working gas of the thermal tube from its heater to the condensation zone at the ambient temperature (>0°C), and the other part of the valves - with the possibility of working gas supply at the ambient temperature (≤0°C) - from the condensation zone of the thermal tube to its heater.

EFFECT: simplified design of a device, increased efficiency and reliability of its operation.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of track facilities of industrial, main and tram railways, to the design of structural elements of the track, in particular to ensuring the operability of railway switches in the winter, by using geothermal heat accumulated in the heat pipe in the summer.

It is known to use electric heaters (TENs) and gas heaters to protect switches from snow, icing, etc. and ensuring their performance in the winter season (Zakatalov EV "Cleaning the shooters of snow and ice with stationary devices", Moscow, Transport, 1973 p. 26-45) - analogue.

A disadvantage of the known solutions is the low reliability with a simultaneous high consumption of electric energy or natural or liquefied gas.

A device for heating the turnout, containing a heat pipe and an associated source of low potential thermal energy. The heat pipe condenser is located at the ballast layer in the space between the sleepers, the frame rail and the switch tongue, and the heat pipe evaporator is connected to a source of low potential thermal energy (RF patent No. 20111725, IPC: ЕВВ 19/00, published on April 30, 1994. ) is a prototype.

A disadvantage of the known device is the need to use a source of low potential thermal energy, which can be far from the turnout switch, which reduces the reliability and efficiency of the device.

The technical result, the achievement of which the claimed solution is directed, is to simplify the design of the device, increase the efficiency and reliability of its operation, by using geothermal heating of the railroad switch.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device for heating the turnout switch containing a heat pipe, the heater of which is located in the space between the sleepers at the level of the base of the ballast layer, the condensation zone in the receiver of the heat pipe is located in the ground at a depth exceeding the freezing depth in winter, the heater the heat pipe is connected to the condensation zone through a system of valves, some of which are made and configured to feed, at an ambient temperature> 0 ° C, the working gas of the heat pipe from its heater to the condensation zone, and part - with the possibility of supplying the working gas at an ambient temperature of ≤0 ° C - from the condensation zone of the heat pipe to its heater.

A device characterized in that a heat-insulating material is located in the receiver of the heat pipe to the depth of freezing of the soil in the winter.

A device characterized in that the receiver of the heat pipe is placed outside the railway track.

A device characterized in that a gas is used as the working gas of the heat pipe, the condensation and evaporation of which is feasible in the temperature range from (-60 ° C) to (+ 60 ° C), for example, freon, freons or acylene or ethylene, etc. d.

If the ambient temperature is ≤0 ° C, then it is impractical to continue the accumulation of heat in the condensation zone of the heat pipe and, at the same time, the supply of working gas from the condensation zone of the heat pipe 2 to the turnout switch is not advisable at an ambient temperature above 0 ° C, since in this case, the turnout icing and snow retention on it does not occur.

Achieving the optimal result when heat is accumulated in the condensation zone of the heat pipe will be if the valves 12 are configured to operate at a temperature equal to or higher than the average positive annual temperature, however, the claimed device is operable and provides the claimed technical result when the valves 12 are configured to operate at a temperature > 0 ° C.

The feasibility of using the inventive device for heating the switch is due to the following.

More than 25 thousand turnouts with electric heating are in operation in the Russian Railways system, the power of electric heaters per turnout ranges from 4 kW to 16 kW, depending on the design of the switch. With an electric heater power of, for example, 8 kW and an operating time of 1,500 hours during the year, at a cost of 1 kW × h - 3.5 rubles. electricity costs will be more than 40,000 rubles. per year for one turnout. The total cost per operating number of switches with electrical heating for their entire service life will be more than 10 billion. rubles and this despite the fact that the electrical heating of turnouts significantly complicates the design of the heating device, reduces its efficiency and reliability.

The proposed solution is deprived of these drawbacks, according to which it is proposed to use heat pipes for heating turnouts in the winter time, to accumulate heat in the soil in summer outside the railway track at a depth exceeding the freezing depth of the soil (soil) in the winter period. The depth of freezing of the soil (soil) is different and is determined for each specific region separately, for example, for the majority of the territory of the Russian Federation, at a depth of 2 m or more, the temperature of the soil is approximately 5 ° C year-round.

Currently, heat pipes are widely used in energy, engineering, chemical industry and other fields. The heat pipe is a sealed device filled with a coolant (freon, freons, ammonia, acetone, etc.) and having a high heat transfer capacity.

The claimed solution is specified in figures 1 and 2, where figure 1 shows a cross section of the inventive device, soil and a portion of the upper path, and figure 2 is a top view of figure 1.

A device for heating the turnout switch comprises a receiver of a heat pipe 1, a condensation zone 2 of which is located in the soil 3 at a depth (H) exceeding the depth of freezing during the winter period in this region. In the receiver of the heat pipe 1, located in the freezing zone of the soil 3, heat-insulating material 4. is placed. The heater 5 of the heat pipe is located in the space between the sleepers 6 at the level of the base of the ballast layer 7, under the rails 8, wit 9 and the lining 10. The heater 5 of the heat pipe is connected with condensation zone 2 by means of valves 11 and 12. Valves 12 are made and configured to supply the working gas of the heat pipe at an air temperature (environment)> 0 ° C, for example, equal to or greater than the average annual positive temperature temperature (for example, 10 ° C) from heater 5 to condensation zone 2, and valves 11 are made and configured to supply working gas to the heat pipe at ambient temperature, for example, less than or equal to (0 ° C) from thermal condensation zone 2 tube to its heater 5.

The efficiency of the heat pipe and the achievement of the technical result in the case of the proposed solution is achieved only through the joint implementation of the convective process of heat transfer from a warmer body (soil) to a colder one (turnout) in the winter, and the reverse process of heat transfer and storage from the turnout transfer to the soil (ground) during the summer period of time, during evaporation and condensation of the heat carrier of the heat pipe, a certain location of the heat pipe in the soil and its heater Soil surfaces, as well as valve systems that connect them.

The principle of operation of the claimed device is as follows.

Consider the option when the average annual positive temperature for this region is + 10 ° C. When the ambient temperature rises to a value above 10 ° C automatically by opening the valves 12, through the heat pipes of the heater 5, steam, for example, freon heated by warm air on the soil surface enters the receiver of heat pipe 1, where it condenses in condensation zone 2 and gives off heat to soil 3 (earth). Due to this, a heat accumulator 13 is formed in the soil 3. When the ambient temperature (air) drops to a value, for example, 0 ° C, the valves 12 are closed. Moreover, in the center of the heat accumulator 13, the temperature is set at a certain average level obviously exceeding the threshold value for the valve 12 10 ° C, and at the boundaries of the accumulator the temperature reaches the temperature of the surrounding soil. Heat transfer between the soil and the heat accumulator 13 is terminated. The heat accumulator 13 starts to “work” at an ambient temperature of 0 ° C or lower. Valves 11 are opened and heated couples of freon from the accumulator enter heater 5, where they condense, heating the heater, inter-sleeper space, frame rail and wit to positive temperature. Condensate formed by gravity returns to the receiver of the heat pipe. After that, the valves 11 are closed. The heater is cooled to 0 ° C and the process is repeated. As a result, the turnout is protected from accumulations of snow and ice and its proper operation is ensured in the winter period of time, regardless of weather conditions.

The applicant has established that when the condensation zone of the receiver of the heat pipe is placed in preheated soil (earth) and the upper part of the receiver of the heat pipe is connected to the turnout section, then, under all conditions provided for by the independent paragraph of the formula of the claimed solution, the temperature of the rails will be maintained at 2-5 ° C at negative ambient temperatures, which ensures that there is no accumulation of snow or ice between the wit and frame rail, i.e. will ensure the performance of the turnout in the winter.

Claims (5)

1. Device for heating the switch, containing a heat pipe, the heater of which is located in the space between the sleepers at the level of the base of the ballast layer, characterized in that the condensation zone in the receiver of the heat pipe is located in the ground at a depth exceeding the freezing depth in winter, the heater the heat pipe is connected to the condensation zone through a system of valves, some of which are made and configured with the possibility of supplying at a temperature of more than 0 ° C of the working gas by cutting it in the condensation zone of the heater, and the part - for supplying a working gas at ambient temperature ≤0 ° C - condensation zone of the heat pipe to its heater. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat-insulating material is located in the receiver of the heat pipe to the depth of freezing of the soil in the winter. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiver of the heat pipe is placed outside the railway track. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that as the working gas of the heat pipe, a gas is used, the condensation and evaporation of which is feasible in the temperature range from (-60 ° C) to (+ 60 ° C). 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that freon, or acetylene, or ethylene, or freon are used as the working gas.

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