RU2497969C1 - Method for making ferroalloys on mechanised complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: method involves pouring of ferroalloy from a ladle to moved casting forms, tripping of casting forms for extraction of ferroalloy ingots, crushing of ferroalloy ingots and loading od crushed ferroalloy to a portable box. Pouring of ferroalloy to casting forms is performed in the area equipped with an aspiration hood. The ladle containing molten ferroalloy is installed through a hatch made in the aspiration hood roof into a tipping device with an adjustable inclination angle. Ferroalloy is poured into trough-shaped casting forms through a chute adapted for the tripping device, and the casting forms are moved on trolleys under the chute from time to time during the ferroalloy pouring process to ensure layer-by-layer pouring of ferroalloy; with that, prior to pouring of the next layer, the ingot surface is dusted with fine ferroalloy. Dust-gas mixtures formed above the chute at pouring of ferroalloy to the casting forms and above the pouring place of ferroalloy to the casting forms are collected immediately above the place of their formation and directed from the aspiration hood for gas cleaning. When the ferroalloy ingot is being removed during tripping of the casting form, falling of the ferroalloy ingot to the receiving table is provided.

EFFECT: simpler mechanised complex of ferroalloy production and enhanced collection efficiency of formed dust-gas mixtures due to their localisation.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The inventive object relates to the field of metallurgy and can be used in the production of ferroalloys, in particular, ferromanganese or ferrosilicon manganese.

The closest set of features to the claimed object is the method of ferroalloy production selected as a prototype, including casting ferroalloy from a ladle into movable molds, tilting ingot molds to extract ferroalloy ingots, crushing ferroalloy ingots and loading crushed ferroalloy into a portable box. At the casting site of the ferroalloy into the ingot molds, movable ingot molds and a ladle with a ferroalloy melt being moved by a bridge crane are located. The area for extracting ferroalloy ingots from ingot molds is equipped with a means for tilting ingot molds and knocking out an ingot. After mechanical crushing in a separate section of the cooled ferroalloy ingots into fractions, the crushed ferroalloy is loaded into a portable box and transferred to the finished goods warehouse (application for the grant of the patent of the Russian Federation No. 94016967/02, application form 12.05.1994, publ. 06.27.1996).

The claimed object and the prototype coincide with such essential features. Both methods include casting ferroalloy from a ladle into movable ingot molds, tilting ingot molds to extract ferroalloy ingots, crushing ferroalloy ingots and loading crushed ferroalloy into a portable box.

Analysis of the technical properties of the prototype, due to its features, shows that the receipt of the expected technical result when using the prototype is impeded by such reasons. Ferroalloy is poured into molds mainly on complex casting machines, which occupy a very large area. Such casting is associated with the mandatory use of sludge collectors, as well as milk of lime, which leads to the formation of lime dust during unloading of the ferroalloy from the filling machine. On a large territory of ferroalloy production it is very difficult to localize and ensure the cleaning of the resulting dust and gas mixtures, and, in particular, to prevent harmful emissions from entering the workshop. Cooled ferroalloy ingots after knocking out must be transported to stand-alone devices for mechanical crushing of the ferroalloy. All this complicates the mechanized complex of ferroalloy production, which implements such a technology, significantly increases the capital and operating costs of ferroalloy production and reduces the efficiency of collecting the resulting dust and gas mixtures.

The claimed object is based on the task of creating a method for the production of ferroalloys on a mechanized complex, in which improvements by introducing new actions and changing the conditions for carrying out actions will make it possible to use the object to achieve a technical result consisting in simplifying the mechanized complex of ferroalloy production while increasing the efficiency of collecting the resulting dust and gas mixtures by localizing them.

The inventive method for the production of ferroalloys on a mechanized complex includes casting ferroalloy from a ladle into movable ingot molds, tilting ingot molds to extract ferroalloy ingots, crushing ferroalloy ingots and loading crushed ferroalloy into a portable box. A distinctive feature of the proposed method is the following. Ferroalloy casting into molds is carried out on a site equipped with an aspiration shelter, and a ladle with a ferroalloy melt through a hatch in the roof of the aspiration shelter is installed in a tilter with an adjustable angle of inclination. Ferroalloy is poured into trough-shaped molds through a trough adapted to the tilter. In the process of casting a ferroalloy, molds are periodically moved on trolleys under the trough to provide layer-by-layer casting of the ferroalloy. Moreover, before casting the next layer, the surface of the ingot is sprinkled with finely divided ferroalloy. In this case, dust and gas mixtures formed over the trough during casting of the ferroalloy into the molds and above the place of casting the ferroalloy into the molds, are caught directly above the place of their formation and sent from the aspiration shelter to gas cleaning. In the process of extracting a ferroalloy ingot during tipping, the molds ensure that the ferroalloy ingot falls onto the receiving table from a height sufficient to crush the ferroalloy ingot after it collides with the receiving table. Then, by driving the inclination of the receiving table, the crushed ferroalloy is moved to a portable box.

In some cases, the execution of the inventive method is characterized in that during the casting of the ferroalloy molds are moved on carts under the trough periodically to provide layer-by-layer casting of the ferroalloy in three layers with a thickness of each layer of 100-150 mm

When using the inventive facility, the technical result is achieved, which consists in simplifying the mechanized complex of ferroalloy production while increasing the efficiency of collecting the resulting dust and gas mixtures due to the localization of harmful emissions.

Between the totality of the essential features of the claimed object and the achieved technical result, there is the following causal relationship. Carrying out ferroalloy casting into the molds on the site equipped with an aspiration shelter, moving the ladle with the ferroalloy melt through the hatch (opening only at the right moment in the roof of the suction shelter when the ladle approaches) to the tilter with an adjustable angle, subsequent casting of the ferroalloy into the molds through the trough adapted to the tilter , periodic movement of the molds on carts during the casting of the ferroalloy under the trough to ensure layer-by-layer casting of the ferroalloy, as well as the collection of dust and gas x mixtures formed above the chute during casting the ferroalloy into the molds and above the place of casting the ferroalloy into the molds, directly above the place of their occurrence and moving these dust and gas mixtures from the suction shelter to the gas cleaning is relatively structurally simple (for example, without using a complex and bulky filling machine) provides casting a ferroalloy melt into molds in a relatively small area, and therefore in a small amount of aspiration shelter. This allows the formation of a ferroalloy ingot of the required thickness on each mechanized complex in each mold and effective gas cleaning of the resulting dust and gas mixtures, starting directly from the place of formation of harmful emissions.

It was experimentally established that when a ferroalloy ingot falls from a height onto a massive horizontal plate, elastic stress waves appear in the ingot volume, which, together with thermal stresses at the layer boundaries, contribute to the crushing of the ferroalloy ingot (for example, crushing of a ferromanganese ingot 150 mm thick occurs when it falls from a height of about 1m). Ferroalloy casting into trough-shaped molds, periodic transfer of molds during ferroalloy casting on trolleys under the trough to provide layer-by-layer casting of a ferroalloy (for example, in three layers with a thickness of each layer 100-150 mm), sprinkling with a finely dispersed ferroalloy before casting the next layer of the ingot surface, ensuring the fall of the ferroalloy ingot (during spontaneous extraction of the ferroalloy ingot during tipping of the mold) on the receiving table from a height sufficient to crush the formed fusion and the ferroalloy after it collides with the receiving table and the subsequent movement of the crushed ferroalloy by driving the receiving table into the portable box is relatively structurally simple (without an additional device for knocking out the ingot and an additional device for mechanical crushing) ensures that the ferroalloy ingot falls out of each mold and the ingot falls from a height sufficient to crush the ingot at the moment of its collision with the massive receiving table. To ensure efficient crushing of the ferroalloy ingot while increasing the mechanical properties of the ferroalloy and its thickness, it is necessary to increase the height at which the ferroalloy ingot will fall on the receiving table. All this simplifies the mechanized complex of ferroalloy production and increases the efficiency of capture of the resulting dust and gas mixtures due to the localization of these dust and gas mixtures directly at the places of origin.

The essence of the claimed object is illustrated by drawings, which depict sections of the mechanized complex of ferroalloy production:

- figure 1 is a General view of the casting ferroalloy in the mold;

- figure 2 is a General view of the site of extraction of ferroalloy ingots from the molds.

The following notation is affixed to the drawings:

1 - bridge crane;

2 - bucket;

3 - mold;

4 - suction shelter;

5 - tilter;

6 - trough;

7 - trolley;

8 - bridge crane;

9 - suction drive umbrella;

10 - stationary suction umbrella;

11 - hatch;

12 - crane-beam;

13 - pedestal;

14 - reception table;

15 - portable box;

16 - protrusions on the receiving table.

The mechanized ferroalloy production complex, designed to implement the proposed method, contains (Fig. 1) a bridge crane 1, a ferroalloy casting section into the molds, including a movable ladle 2 with ferroalloy melt and movable molds 3. The ferroalloy casting section into the molds is equipped with an aspiration shelter 4, c which is equipped with a tilter 5 having a hydraulic cylinder for providing an adjustable tilt of the bucket 2 with a molten ferroalloy, and a refractory chute 6 for casting ferroalloy melt in the mold 3. At the same mold 3 are trough-shaped and mounted on the drive carriage 7 to periodically move a chute 6 for layerwise casting the melt into molds ferroalloy.

The mechanized complex of ferroalloy production is serviced by a bridge crane 8. The aspiration shelter 4 is equipped with an aspiration drive umbrella 9 installed above the chute 6 for casting the ferroalloy melt into the molds 3, and a stationary aspiration umbrella 10 installed above the place of casting the ferroalloy into the molds. In addition, a hatch 11 is made in the roof of the suction shelter to ensure the installation of a ladle 2 with a ferroalloy melt in a tilter 5 with a bridge crane 1. A beam crane 12 is provided for serving the ferroalloy casting site.

The extraction section of the ferroalloy ingots from the ingot molds is equipped (Fig. 2) with a compactly arranged pedestal 13 for the ingot mold 3 with a ferroalloy ingot, a receiving table 14 for the ferroalloy ingot and a portable box 15 for the crushed ferroalloy. Another mold 3 with a ferroalloy ingot is mounted on the pedestal 13 with the possibility of tilting the mold to the side of the receiving table 14. Moreover, the supporting surface of the pedestal 13 is located above the receiving table 14 to a height of about 1 m, which ensures crushing of the ferromanganese ingot spontaneously falling onto the receiving table after tilting molds on the pedestal 13. The receiving table 14 is mounted with the possibility of a drive tilt to move the crushed ferroalloy into the portable box 15 during unloading. The transfer of the molds 3 to the pedestal 13, the subsequent tilting of the molds to ensure spontaneous precipitation of the ferroalloy ingot onto the receiving table 14, the inclination of the receiving table 14 to move the crushed ferroalloy to the portable box 15 and further transportation of the portable box 15 is carried out using an overhead crane 8.

In a separate case of performing a mechanized complex of ferroalloy production, the working surface of the receiving table 14 for the ferroalloy ingot is ribbed to localize the forces acting on the ingot when it hits the receiving table. In this case, the protrusions 16 on the receiving table are made parallel and oriented in the direction of movement of the crushed ferroalloy when unloading from the surface of the receiving table 14 into the portable box 15.

The inventive method is implemented in the process of the mechanized complex of ferroalloy production as follows. The bridge crane 1 moves the bucket 2, in which the ferroalloy melt, for example, ferromanganese, is located, from the electric furnace to the casting site of the ferroalloy into the molds 3, Through the open hatch 11 in the roof of the suction shelter 4, the ladle 2 with the ferroalloy melt is installed with a bridge crane 1 into the tilter 5. Then the hatch 11 is closed using a crane beam 12, isolating the suction shelter 4 for effective gas cleaning of the resulting dust and gas mixtures containing manganese hazardous to humans, starting directly from the places of formation of these dust and gas x mixtures using smoke exhausters, an aspiration drive umbrella 9 mounted above the chute 6 when casting the ferroalloy melt into the molds, and a stationary aspiration umbrella 10 installed above the ferroalloy pouring mold into the molds 3. Ferroalloy is cast into movable molds 3 through a refractory chute 6 by gradual adjustable hydraulic cylinder tilt bucket 2 with molten ferroalloy. The molds 3 are periodically moved on drive trolleys 7 under the chute 6 for pouring the ferroalloy melt into the molds during layer-by-layer casting, for example, in three layers with a thickness of each layer 100-150 mm, and before casting the next layer, the surface of the ingot is sprinkled with finely divided ferromanganese. After the ferroalloy casting is completed, the cooled ingot molds with ferroalloy ingots by overhead crane 8 are successively moved to the area for extracting ferroalloy ingots from the ingot molds. The mold 3 with the ferroalloy ingot is mounted on the pedestal 13 and, using a bridge crane 8, is turned over to the side of the receiving table 14, ensuring spontaneous loss of the ingot from the trough-shaped ingot mold. Since the supporting surface of the pedestal 13 is located much higher than the receiving table 14 (the height difference is, for example, about 1 m), the ferromanganese ingot falling onto the receiving table after tilting the mold on the pedestal is broken into pieces at the moment of its collision with the massive receiving table 14. The resulting pieces of ferroalloy are unloaded into the portable box 15 by tilting the receiving table 14. In this case, the pieces of ferroalloy slide along the parallel protrusions 16 on the receiving table and move into the portable box 15. Moving the molds 3 on a pedestal 13, the subsequent tilting of the molds to ensure the ferroalloy ingots fall onto the receiving table 14, the inclination of the receiving table 14 to move the crushed ferroalloy into the portable box 15 and the further transportation of the portable box 15 is carried out using an overhead crane 8.

Claims (2)

1. A method for the production of ferroalloys on a mechanized complex, including casting ferroalloy from a ladle into movable ingot molds, tilting ingot molds to extract ferroalloy ingots, crushing ferroalloy ingots and loading crushed ferroalloy into a portable box, characterized in that the ferroalloy is casting into ingot molds in a section equipped with aspiration shelter, a bucket with a ferroalloy melt through the hatch in the roof of the suction shelter is installed in a tilter with an adjustable angle of inclination, the ferroalloy is spilled they are cast into trough-shaped molds through a trough adapted to the tilter, and during the ferroalloy casting, molds are periodically moved on trolleys under the gutter to ensure layer-by-layer casting of the ferroalloy, moreover, before casting the next layer, the surface of the ingot is sprinkled with finely divided ferroalloy, while dust and gas mixtures formed above the gutter in the molds and above the casting site of the ferroalloy into the molds, they are caught directly above the place of their formation and sent from the aspiration shelter gas cleaning, and during the extraction of the ferroalloy ingot during tantalizing the molds, the ferroalloy ingot is dropped onto the receiving table from a height sufficient to crush it after impacting with the receiving table, then the crushed ferroalloy is moved to the portable box by the drive tilt of the receiving table. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the casting of the ferroalloy the molds are periodically moved on trolleys under the trough to provide layer-by-layer casting of the ferroalloy in three layers with a thickness of each layer of 100-150 mm.

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