RU2494595C2 - Method of sowing tilled crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of sowing seeds of tilled crops lies in the fact that the soil is first opened by cutting it off with the A-hoe blade to the base depth to form soil rollers on both sides along the row. Then the soil is compacted with simultaneous formation of the furrow with the compressed bottom and walls to the depth of sowing. The seeds are placed in the furrow. The soil rollers are displaced from both sides to the furrow. The upper layer of the soil is finally compacted for better contact with the seeds.

EFFECT: invention enables to obtain seeds buried in a quality manner, located on the border of the lower moist and upper oxygen-rich layers of soil, with soil compaction under the caryopsis and slight compaction over it.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for sowing seeds of row crops.

According to studies conducted by the State Scientific Institution "Institute of Experimental Botany. V.F. Kuprevich National Academy of Sciences of Belarus ”in conjunction with the Republican Unitary Enterprise“ Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus on Agricultural Mechanization ”, it was proved that the best germination is achieved when the grain is located in the soil at the border of two layers - the lower dense and. loose top. The roots of the plant, in which the capillaries are well developed, penetrate the lower layer of the soil, thus the plants are provided with moisture regardless of the weather conditions that develop after sowing. The upper mulching layer protects the dense bed from evaporation of moisture and desiccation, through which air exchange and heat flow occur. The density of the upper soil layer changes after sowing rolling, which can lead to an increase in the germination of seedlings. At the same time, the contact of seeds with soil (rich in oxygen) is increased, and a more uniform seed placement to depth is also carried out. In this case, excessive compaction is not allowed.

A known method of sowing seeds of row crops, including: compaction of the soil in the row area, pressing the soil to the depth of sowing, laying seeds, seeding by raking the soil from the field surface.

The disadvantage of this technology is soil compaction. working bodies, which reduces the rate of seed germination.

Also known is a method of sowing seeds, in which the working bodies of the seeder press the soil into the sides of the furrow. At the same time, the probability of soil shedding increases, which reduces the accuracy of the depth of sowing, and, consequently, field germination.

There is a method in which, after laying the seeds, they are pressed into the seed bed. This increases the percentage of injured seed.

In connection with the above disadvantages, a more promising technological solution can be considered when opening a furrow is made to the base depth, without compaction of the soil, followed by the formation of a furrow to the depth of sowing, with easy compaction.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of row crops by increasing the quality of seed placement in the soil, the formation of an appropriate sowing bed, the accuracy of seed placement in depth and linearity along the row.

This goal is achieved by the fact that at the initial stage the soil is not compacted, but discarded in two directions along the row, which allows you to open a relatively flat, without lumps, base surface. The furrow-forming organ will allow you to create a light compaction of the grooves and to exclude shedding due to taking soil near the groove.

Figure 1 shows the opening of the furrow by the lancet paw of the opener, the formation of soil rollers; figure 2 shows the compaction of the soil to the working depth of the furrow-forming roller; figure 3 shows the laying of seeds; figure 4 shows the closure of seeds with a layer of soil (rolls); figure 5 shows the rolling of the soil; figure 6 shows a section of the unit for implementing the method.

In connection with the above disadvantages, a more promising technological solution can be considered when opening the furrow to the base depth by throwing the soil "from the inside" in two directions with the formation of soil rolls (Fig. 1), the subsequent formation of a groove with simultaneous compaction of the bottom and edges of the groove (Fig. 2), laying seed material in the groove (Fig. 3), closing the furrow with a layer of soil, by raking the soil rolls (Fig. 4) and rolling the soil to increase the area of contact of the soil with the seed (Fig. 5).

At the same time, we get a well-repaired seed located on the border of the moist and oxygen-enriched layers of the soil, with compaction of the soil under the grain and a slight compaction above it. The soil layer under the seed quickly restores its capillary structure, which contributes to a faster bite of the seeds and uniform field germination.

Claims (1)

A method of sowing row crops, characterized in that they open the soil by cutting it with a pointed paw to the base depth with the formation of soil rollers on both sides along the row, after which the soil is compacted with the simultaneous formation of a groove with a sealed bottom and walls to the depth of sowing, the seeds are laid in the groove , shift the soil rollers on both sides into the groove and finally compact the topsoil for better contact with the seed.

Images