RU2465073C1 - Pneumatic separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building and may be used in agriculture, flour-and-cereal and feeder industries for cleaning of loose materials from light impurities by air flow. Pneumatic separator comprises separation channel with crosswise opening for feeding material to be separated there inside that accommodates feeder fitted on shaft and composed of grooved roll with cells on outer cylindrical surface. Wall opposite the feeder is provided with opening to communicate separation channel with discharge channel provided with inlet into separation channel arranged at its bottom at 1.5-2.0 h from feeder Said inlet is provided with ramp surface terminating in horizontal section.

EFFECT: higher quality of cleaning, reduced grain losses.

1 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in agricultural production, flour and grain elevator and animal feed industry for the cleaning of bulk materials, mainly grain and granular materials, from light impurities by air flow.

Known pneumatic separator, including a pneumatic separating channel with a transverse window for entering the separated material, a loading hopper with a sloping plane and a feeder [1].

This device works effectively at a relatively low productivity, when the grain material is fed from the hopper along a sloping plane into the air separation channel in a thin layer. At high loads, the material comes off the pitched plane in a dense layer and loosens only at the wall of the air separation channel opposite from the material inlet window. The main part of the air passes through the loosened part of the grain flow, due to the fact that it has less resistance to air movement. Therefore, the air flow velocity is unevenly distributed along the depth of the pneumatic separation channel, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of cleaning of the grain material and the removal of high-grade grain to waste.

The closest in technical solution and the achieved result to the proposed invention relates to a pneumatic separator containing a pneumatic separating channel with a transverse window for introducing a separated material, in which a feeder mounted in the form of a corrugated roller with cells on the outer cylindrical surface [2] is a prototype.

The disadvantage of this device is that the grain material flowing from the cells of the roller is distributed unevenly along the depth of the air separation channel. In this case, the concentration of the material is more significant at the channel wall located opposite the feeder. In addition, with an increase in the specific supply of material, it is unloaded at a given wall. This is due to the fact that the source material entering the feeder, from the edges of the cells of the roller in the pneumatic separation channel moves along parabolic trajectories close to its wall opposite the feeder. Therefore, the main part of the air in the channel passes through the more loosened part of the grain flow due to the fact that it has less resistance to air movement. Air flow rates due to the marked in the channel are distributed unevenly, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of cleaning grain material and the removal of part of the full grain to waste.

The essence of the proposed development is that in a pneumatic separator containing a pneumatic separating channel with a transverse window for introducing a separated material, in which a feeder is mounted on the shaft, made in the form of a corrugated roller with cells on the outer cylindrical surface, a window is made in the wall opposite the feeder communicating a pneumatic separation channel with a discharge channel having in the lower part at a distance of 1.5 ... 2.0 h from the feeder an inlet opening in the pneumatic separation channel, wherein the inlet is provided with but sloping plane terminating in a horizontal portion.

As a result of the analysis of literary sources, no identical execution of the proposed device was found. Moreover, distinctive features from the prototype signs give the claimed combination of new properties, manifested in a positive effect.

The presence of a window in the wall opposite the feeder, and the communication of the pneumatic separating channel through this window with a bypass channel, allows the removal of grain material concentrated and unloaded from this wall. As a result, a uniformly loosened grain flow is maintained along the depth of the air separation channel, which ensures a uniform distribution of the air flow velocity, and, accordingly, a higher grain cleaning effect.

The use of an inlet at the bottom of the outlet channel allows part of the grain material entering it to be recycled into the air separation channel. As a result of the re-entry of a part of the grain material into the air separation channel opposite to its main flow, using a sloping plane ending in a horizontal section, a uniform distribution of the depth of the grain material channel is achieved. The air flow rate due to the marked in the pneumatic separation channel is evenly distributed, which leads to an increase in the quality of cleaning of grain material and a decrease in the removal of full grain with light impurities.

The location at the outlet channel of the inlet to the pneumatic separation channel at a distance of 1.5 ... 2.0 h ensures the separation of the grain material into two streams, which reduces its thickness, contributes to greater loosening and reduces the likelihood of collision of light particles and full grain. This circumstance leads to an increase in the efficiency of cleaning grain material, especially at high specific loads [3].

As a result, when the proposed device is operating, a positive effect is achieved that exceeds the effect of the prototype. A new set of features of the claimed device, providing a positive effect, has significant differences.

The figure shows a diagram of a pneumatic separator, where the arrows show the direction of movement of the grain material, light weed impurities, purified material and air flow.

The pneumatic separator consists of a vertical pneumatic separating channel 1 with a transverse window 2 for inputting the initial grain material, in which a feeder 4 is mounted on the shaft 3, made in the form of a corrugated roller with cells 5 on the outer cylindrical surface. From the side of the wall opposite the feeder 4, a window 6 is made through which the air separation channel 1 communicates with the outlet channel 7. The outlet channel 7 in the lower part at a distance of 1.5 ... 2.0 h from the feeder 4 has an inlet 8 in the air separation channel 1 The inlet 8 is provided with a pitched plane 9 ending in a horizontal portion 10.

Pneumatic separator operates as follows.

The source grain material is rotated at an angular speed ω on the shaft 3 by a feeder 4, made in the form of a corrugated roller with cells 5 on the outer cylindrical surface, through the window 2 it is fed into a vertical pneumatic separation channel 1, where light impurities are released by ascending air flow, rise up and are removed to waste. The middle fraction and part of full-fledged grain and light impurities moving along parabolic trajectories close to the wall opposite the feeder 4 enter through the channel 6 into the outlet channel 7, where, under the action of gravity, they move down and reach the ramp plane 9, on which, accelerating through the horizontal section 10 and the inlet 8, are sent for re-cleaning in the air separation channel 1, evenly distributed in it. In this case, a portion of light impurities not previously isolated from the flow of grain material is also removed by air into the waste. The purified material from light impurities under the action of gravity is discharged through the lower section of the air separation channel 1 to the outside.

The advantage of the invention in comparison with the prototype is a significant increase in the quality of cleaning of grain material and a decrease in the loss of full grain in waste with light impurities.

Literature

1. Malis A.Ya., Demidov A.R. Machines for cleaning grain by air flow. - M .: Mashgiz, 1962. - S.36-45.

2. Gortinsky V.V., Demsky A.B., Boriskin M.A. Separation processes in grain processing enterprises. - Vol. 2, rev. and add. - M .: Kolos, 1980 .-- S.268-270.

3. Burkov A.I., Sychugov N.P. Grain cleaning machines. Design, research, calculation and testing. - Kirov: NIISH North-East, 2000. - P.115.

Claims (1)

A pneumatic separator containing a pneumatic separating channel with a transverse window for introducing separated material, in which a feeder is mounted on the shaft, made in the form of a corrugated roller with cells on the outer cylindrical surface, characterized in that a window communicating with the pneumatic separating channel is made in the wall opposite the feeder a discharge channel having in the lower part at a distance of 1.5 ... 2.0 h from the feeder an inlet in the air separation channel, the inlet being provided with a sloping plane, I end horizontal section.

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