RU2464441C1 - Air ioniser for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: air ioniser for internal combustion engine includes cylindrical housing made in the form of a tube and metal electrodes of positive and negative polarity, which are located in it, isolated from each other and connected to high-voltage power supply; besides, at least one electrode of positive polarity is made in the form of a tape shaped like a straight helicoid. Inner edge of tape is pointed, and outer edge adjoins the internal surface of housing. Electrode of negative polarity is made in the form of a string located along the housing axis.

EFFECT: invention allows improving operating properties of internal combustion engines, and namely reducing the concentration of hazardous impurities in exhaust gases and decreasing specific fuel consumption.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of engineering, and in particular to elements of internal combustion engines (ICE). The technical solution can be used to increase the efficiency of combustion of the fuel-air mixture (FA).

A device for treating air is known - a multi-row air ionizer for an automobile engine, which contains metal gratings located parallel to each other in parallel and coaxially, with adjacent gratings being charged with opposite charges. The grilles are made flexible, with the possibility of curving the surface of the grilles under the influence of the air intake by a running engine (patent application RU No. 93027451, publication date 12/27/1995). Presumably, the disadvantage of this analogue is the instability of the zone and type of discharge caused by vibration of flexible ionization gratings. The consequence of this is the low production efficiency of oxygen-containing radicals, despite the fact that a relatively large amount of ozone is formed due to the occurrence of arc discharges in places of the smallest distance between the gratings. Ozone has a significant oxidizing effect on the details of the internal combustion engine, while the efficiency of combustion does not increase significantly.

An air ionizer has been adopted as a prototype, which is applicable, among other things, for treating air in a carburetor internal combustion engine (patent application RU 92002010, publication date 11/15/1994). The prototype contains a dielectric ring, in the passage channel of which are located a plate insulated positive electrode and a negative electrode made of metal threads. The electrodes are connected, respectively, to the positive and negative poles of the high voltage voltage source. To increase the efficiency of the ionizer, insulated plates of the negative electrode are installed on both sides of the positive electrode plate, while the edge of the plate of the first protrudes from the edges of the plates of the second by a distance equal to or greater than the distance between the plates of the positive electrode and the metal threads of the negative electrode. Barbed wire elements are located on metal threads, the spikes of which are directed towards the electrode plates.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the use of plate electrodes that prevent mixing of the air flow, despite the fact that the active production of oxygen-containing radicals is concentrated in the area of the spikes of the negative electrode. Thus, significantly reduces the amount of processing air passing through the ionizer, and the percentage of produced oxygen-containing radicals is less than possible. At the same time, according to the theory of chain combustion, the saturation of fuel assemblies with the indicated radicals is the most important parameter that determines the efficiency of combustion of fuel assemblies and the most important performance indicators of ICEs that are directly related to the fuel combustion process (see pp. 391-417 in the book: Kondratiev V.N. Kinetika and the mechanism of gas-phase reactions. M.: "Science", 1974).

The objective of the invention is to improve the operational properties of internal combustion engines. When using the invention, the following important functional technical results are achieved.

1. The concentration of harmful impurities in the exhaust gas is reduced.

2. Reduces specific fuel consumption.

To achieve the claimed totality of technical results in the air ionizer for an internal combustion engine (hereinafter the ionizer), which includes a cylindrical body in the form of a pipe and metal electrodes of positive and negative polarity isolated from each other and connected to each other and connected to a high-voltage power supply, structural changes were introduced, namely, at least one electrode of positive polarity is made in the form of a tape, which is given the shape of a direct helicoid, the inner edge of nt is pointed, and the outer edge is adjacent to the inner surface of the housing, while the electrode of negative polarity is made in the form of a string located along the axis of the housing.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of an air ionizer for an internal combustion engine.

The ionizer includes a cylindrical dielectric body (1), made in the form of a pipe, and electrodes. At least one electrode (2) of positive polarity is made of metal in the form of a tape, which is shaped as a direct helicoid, with the inner edge (3) of the tape being pointed and the outer edge (4) adjacent to the inner surface of the housing (1). Via terminal (5), electrode (2) is connected to the positive terminal of a high voltage power supply (not shown). There can be several electrodes (2) of positive polarity, and in this case, their symmetrical arrangement with respect to the axis of the housing (1) is preferable. To ensure corrosion resistance and good electrical conductivity, the electrodes (2) of positive polarity can be made of aluminum. The ionizer also contains an electrode (6) of negative polarity, which is made in the form of a string and is located along the axis of the helicoid, i.e., along the axis of the dielectric cylindrical body (1). The negative polarity electrode (6) can be made of gold-plated wire with a diameter of 0.1 mm. The electrode (6) is fixed in the housing using thin stretch-insulators (7) made, for example, of organic glass, stretch-insulators (7) are given a streamlined shape in the direction of air flow. The electrode (6) is equipped with a terminal (8), with which it is connected to the negative terminal of the high-voltage power source.

The ionizer is installed on the intake pipe of the internal combustion engine to the mixture-forming device (carburetor, intake manifold) and operates as follows. The air flow necessary for burning fuel passes inside the dielectric housing (1), in the space between the positive (2) and negative (6) electrodes. The voltage from the high-voltage power supply, connected to the positive (2) and negative (6) electrodes, causes a glow discharge along the entire length of the electrodes. In this case, oxygen radicals are produced, as well as ozone from atmospheric oxygen (see p. 339, 354 in the book: V.N. Kondratiev, E.E. Nikitin. Kinetics and mechanism of gas-phase reactions. M .: "Science", 1974) .

The pointed inner edge (3) of the electrode of positive polarity contributes to intensive drainage of the charge, and the helicoid surface shape - intensive mixing of the air flow. Enriched with oxygen radicals and ozone, the air then enters the combustion engine ICE, mixes with fuel and then is used in the usual manner to carry out the internal combustion engine workflow. Moreover, the claimed combination of technical results is provided by the essence of the invention as follows, respectively.

1. The presence of ozone molecules in a fuel assembly reduces the yield of CO during combustion and, therefore, reduces the concentration of harmful impurities in the exhaust gases (see p.339 in the book: V. N. Kondratyev, E. E. Nikitin. Kinetics and mechanism of gas-phase reactions M.: "Science", 1974).

2. The presence of oxygen radicals in a fuel assembly reduces its ignition temperature and contributes to its more complete combustion, i.e. the calorific value of fuel assemblies increases, which ensures a decrease in specific fuel consumption (see p. 436 in the book: V.N. Kondratiev, E.E. Nikitin. Kinetics and mechanism of gas-phase reactions. M .: "Science", 1974).

The proposed ionizer can be manufactured industrially on the basis of any modern engineering company without the use of any special technologies.

Claims (3)

1. An air ionizer for an internal combustion engine, comprising a cylindrical body in the form of a pipe and located therein, isolated from each other, metal electrodes of positive and negative polarity, connected to a high-voltage power source, characterized in that at least one electrode of positive polarity is made in the form of a tape, which is shaped as a direct helicoid, the inner edge of the tape is pointed, and the outer edge is adjacent to the inner surface of the housing, while the electrode is negative polarity is made in the form of a string located along the axis of the body using extensions - insulators. 2. The air ionizer for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes several electrodes of positive polarity, while they are located symmetrically relative to the axis of the housing. 3. An air ionizer for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each electrode of positive polarity is made of aluminum, the electrode of negative polarity is made of gold-plated wire with a diameter of 0.1 mm, and the extensions are insulators made of organic glass, and streamlined.

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